Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-regulated macrophages metabolic reprogramming rescues tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1784153

Figure Lengend Snippet: KYN supplementation alleviates TAC-induced energy metabolism disorder by restoring FAO. (A) Relative abundance of TCA cycle–related metabolites in the renal cortex (n = 5). (B) Relative abundance of glycolysis-related metabolites in the renal cortex (n = 5). (C) Schematic diagram of energy metabolism pathways based on metabolomic data, including the TCA cycle, glycolysis, and β-oxidation; red arrows indicate metabolites upregulated by TAC treatment, and blue arrows indicate metabolites downregulated by TAC treatment. (D) Heatmap of fatty acid metabolism–related compounds in the renal cortex (n = 5). (E,F) Seahorse analysis showing mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in renal cortical cells using glucose (E) or palmitic acid (F) as substrates (n = 4). (G) Quantification of basal and maximal OCR in renal cortical cells under glucose or palmitic acid substrate conditions (n = 4). (H) RT-qPCR analysis of FAO-related gene expression (MCAD, LCAD, CPT1, CPT2) in the renal cortex (n = 3). (I) Schematic diagram of mitochondrial fatty acid transport and β-oxidation pathways. (J) Western blot analysis of CPT1, CPT2, and CACT protein expression in the renal cortex, with β-tubulin as a loading control. (K) Densitometric quantification of CPT1, CPT2, and CACT protein bands from Western blots (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance is indicated as *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Abbreviations: CIT, citrate; αKG, alpha-ketoglutarate; SUC, succinate; OAA, oxaloacetate; FUM, fumarate; MAL, malate; PYR, pyruvate; LAC, lactate; G6P, glucose-6-phosphate; F6P, fructose-6-phosphate; F1,6BP, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate; MCAD, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; LCAD, long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; CPT1/2, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1/2; CACT, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase; ACSL, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member; OCR, oxygen consumption rate.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in this study included: IDO1 (Proteintech, Cat# 13268-1-AP, 1:1000), CPT1 (ABclonal, Cat# A5307, 1:2000), CPT2 (Proteintech, Cat# 26555-1-AP, 1:8000), CACT (ABclonal, Cat# A13956, 1:400), β-tubulin (Proteintech, Cat# 80713-1-RR, 1:10,000), HRP-conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) (ABclonal, Cat# SA00001-2, 1:10,000).

Techniques: Metabolomic, Quantitative RT-PCR, Gene Expression, Western Blot, Expressing, Control

Journal: Animal bioscience

Article Title: MicroRNA analysis reveals the role of miR-214 in duck adipocyte differentiation.

doi: 10.5713/ab.21.0441

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes, comparing differentiated and non-differentiat ed Cherry Valley duck preadipocytes (CVT and CVC cells, respectively). (A) KEGG analysis of the targets of differentially expressed miRNAs. (B) Signal pathway diagram of target genes involved in fatty acid metabolism. (C) Conservatism analysis of the miR-214 seed region. (D) Conserva tism analysis of the target sites of miR-214 in the 3′ UTR of CPT2. (E) qRT-PCR verification of miR-214 expression. (F) Expression of miR-214 in various duck tissues, detected using qPCR. U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) was used as an endogenous control for miR-214 relative quantifica tion. Data are shown as the mean±standard deviation from three individuals. KEGG, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; UTR, untranslat ed region; CPT2, carnitine palmitoyltransferases 2; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. ** p<0.01.

Article Snippet: The proteins were transferred to polyvinyl idene difluoride membranes, and then blocked with 5% nonfat milk for 1 h. The membranes were incubated with the primary antibodies CPT2 (1:1,000, NBP132226; Novus, Columbia, USA) and betaactin (1:5,000, NB600532SS; No vus, USA) for 1 h, and washed with PBST (Solarbio, China) three times, for 5 min each time.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Control, Standard Deviation, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Animal bioscience

Article Title: MicroRNA analysis reveals the role of miR-214 in duck adipocyte differentiation.

doi: 10.5713/ab.21.0441

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. The relationship between CPT2 and miR-214. (A) Changes in adipocyte morphology with different differentiation. Relative expression of (B) miR-214 and (C) CPT2 during differentiation. CPT2-73kD and CPT2-62kD: two variant proteins for duck CPT2. (D) Predicted binding and muta tion sites in miR-214 and in the CPT2 3′ UTR. (E) miR-214 expression level in 293T and duck preadipocyte. (F) Luciferase assay verification of the miR-214 target CPT2 3′ UTR. CPT2, carnitine palmitoyltransferases 2; UTR, untranslated region.

Article Snippet: The proteins were transferred to polyvinyl idene difluoride membranes, and then blocked with 5% nonfat milk for 1 h. The membranes were incubated with the primary antibodies CPT2 (1:1,000, NBP132226; Novus, Columbia, USA) and betaactin (1:5,000, NB600532SS; No vus, USA) for 1 h, and washed with PBST (Solarbio, China) three times, for 5 min each time.

Techniques: Expressing, Variant Assay, Binding Assay, Luciferase

Journal: Animal bioscience

Article Title: MicroRNA analysis reveals the role of miR-214 in duck adipocyte differentiation.

doi: 10.5713/ab.21.0441

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. The targeting effect of miR-214 and CPT2 in Cherry Valley duck adipocyte differentiation. (A) Efficacy of miR-214 mimics. (B) Gene ex pression and (C) CPT2 protein expression, in pre-adipocytes treated with the miR-214-mimic or the negative control (NC). (D) Triglyceride content of adipocytes transfected for 48 h with miR-214 mimics or with the miR-NC, and following differentiation for 4 d. (E) Comparison of preadipocytes transfected with miR-NC (a) or with miR-214 mimics (b) for 48 h, and following differentiation for 4 d. Oil red O staining of adipocytes transfected with miR-NC (c) or with miR-214 mimics (d) for 48 h, and following differentiation for 4 d. (F) Spectrophotometric analysis following oil red O staining. CPT2, carnitine palmitoyltransferases 2. * p<0.05, ** p<0.01.

Article Snippet: The proteins were transferred to polyvinyl idene difluoride membranes, and then blocked with 5% nonfat milk for 1 h. The membranes were incubated with the primary antibodies CPT2 (1:1,000, NBP132226; Novus, Columbia, USA) and betaactin (1:5,000, NB600532SS; No vus, USA) for 1 h, and washed with PBST (Solarbio, China) three times, for 5 min each time.

Techniques: Expressing, Negative Control, Transfection, Comparison, Staining

Journal: Biology

Article Title: Cumulus Cell and Oocyte Gene Expression in Prepubertal Gilts and Sows Identifies Cumulus Cells as a Prime Informative Parameter of Oocyte Quality

doi: 10.3390/biology12121484

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of genes analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR in porcine oocytes and cumulus cells.

Article Snippet: CPT2 , Fatty acid metabolism , NM_001246243.1 , Ss04322743_m1.

Techniques: Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, TaqMan Assay, Transduction