Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Tryptophan Attenuates Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Intestinal Injury Through Modulation of Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Gut Microbiota Homeostasis

doi: 10.3390/nu17060975

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Tryptophan alleviates CRS-induced intestine leakage and epithelial apoptosis. (A) Serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein content by ELISA; (B) FITC-dextran content in serum; (C) TUNEL staining plots; (D) TUNEL-positive cell counts; different letters denote significant differences between groups, p < 0.05. Ctrl refers to control group.

Article Snippet: We obtained the Mouse Corticosterone (CORT) ELISA Kit (Elabscience, Shanghai, China), FITC—dextran (4 kD) (Sigma, Saint Louis, MI, USA); the mouse intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) ELISA Kit (CUSABIO, Wuhan, China); and all of the 11 SCFA standards (ZZ Standards Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, TUNEL Assay, Staining, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Gut Microbiota Metabolite Butyrate Modulates Acute Stress-Induced Ferroptosis in the Prefrontal Cortex via the Gut–Brain Axis

doi: 10.3390/ijms26041698

Figure Lengend Snippet: Acute stress induced depressive-like behavior and PFC neuronal damage in mice. ( A ) Body weight of the mice in the CON and RS groups over the initial three-day period. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, with statistical significance assessed via two-factor repeated measures ANOVA. ( B ) Serum corticosterone levels in the two groups of mice. ( C ) Representative movement trajectories of the two groups of mice during the open field test. Red lines show the mice’s movement in the central zone, and brown lines indicate its trajectory in the peripheral zone. ( D , E ) In the open field test, the percentage of movement distance within the central area ( D ) and the percentage of residence time in the central area ( E ). ( F ) The percentage of immobile time in the tail suspension test. n = 6. ( G , H ) Representative images of HE staining ( G ) and Nissl staining ( H ) of the PFC in the two groups of mice. Scale bars: 200 μm and 50 μm. ( I , J ) The relative protein expression levels of TF and TFR in the PFC. n = 6. ( K – M ) The MDA content ( K ), Fe 2+ content ( L ), and GSH content ( M ) in the PFC of the two groups of mice. n = 4. Data were presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance between the two groups was assessed using Student’s t -test for normally distributed data, and the Mann–Whitney rank sum test for data that did not follow a normal distribution. Significance levels were denoted as * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Corticosterone (E-OSEL-M0001, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), IL-1β (SEA563Mu, Cloud-clone, Wuhan, China), and IL-6 (SEA079Mu, Cloud-clone, Wuhan, China) levels in mouse serum were quantified using commercial ELISA kits.

Techniques: Suspension, Staining, Expressing, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Golgi localized β1-adrenergic receptors stimulate Golgi PI4P hydrolysis by PLCε to regulate cardiac hypertrophy

doi: 10.7554/eLife.48167

Figure Lengend Snippet: NRVMs were transduced with FAPP-PH-GFP and stimulated with norepinephrine (10 μM) in the presence of corticosterone (100 μM, ( A ), abacavir (10 μM, ( B ), lamotrigine (10 μM, ( C ) or Dyngo (40 μM, ( D ). Data are not significant between norepinephrine and norepinephrine + Dyngo. Images were collected as in for PI4P hydrolysis (N = 3) were from at least 4 cells each from separate preparations of NRVMs. Agonists were added where indicated by the arrow. ( E ) Dyngo has no effect on NES-Venus-mini-Gs Golgi recruitment by norepinephrine. Representative image of norepinephrine-mediated NES-Venus-mini-Gs recruitment in the presence of Dyngo (40 μM). (N = 3) Scale bars are 10 μm. ( F ) NRVMs were transduced with adenovirus containing FRB-CFP-Nb80 and FKBP-GalT-mApple along with adenovirus containing FAPP-PH-GFP for 24 hr prior to experimentation. NRVMs were incubated with either rapamycin (1 μM) or DMSO control for 15 min prior to addition of NE (10 μM) added at the arrow. Images were collected as in for PI4P hydrolysis and were from at least n = 10 cells each from three separate preparations of NRVMs. Data were analyzed as means from N = 3 experiments. 10.7554/eLife.48167.020 Figure 5—source data 1. NE requires membrane transport by OCT3 and Golgi resident βARs to stimulate PI4P hydrolysis.

Article Snippet: Chemical compound, drug , Corticosterone , Tocris , 3685 , Oct3 inhibitor.

Techniques: Transduction, Incubation, Control, Membrane

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Golgi localized β1-adrenergic receptors stimulate Golgi PI4P hydrolysis by PLCε to regulate cardiac hypertrophy

doi: 10.7554/eLife.48167

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Dyngo blocks Isoproterenol induced β1-AR internalization. NRVMs were transfected with FLAG-β1-AR receptors and allowed to express for 48 hr. Cells were then stimulated with either vehicle control, Isoproterenol (10 μM), dobutamine (100 nM) or norepinephrine (10 μM) for 30 mins. Pretreatment with Dyngo (40 μM) was performed for 15 mins before agonist addition, where indicated. Cells are pseudocolored Green for M2-FLAG-Cy3 antibody, which is bound to FLAG-β1-AR and nuclei are stained with DAPI. Images are representative from at least three experiments. Scale bars are 10 μM. ( B ) Corticosterone has no effect on the ability of plasma membrane β1-AR to signal. NRVMs were stimulated in the presence of either Corticosterone (100 μM) or vehicle control with the indicated agonists for 10 mins. Cells were then lysed and cAMP measured according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Data is from three experiments. ( C ) Corticosterone does not inhibit Dobutamine-mediated PI4P hydrolysis. NRVMs were transduced with FAPP-PH-GFP and stimulated with dobutamine (100 mM) in the presence of Corticosterone (100 μM) or vehicle and analyzed as in . Images for PI4P hydrolysis collected as in , were from at least n = 7 cells each from three separate preparations of NRVMs. Agonists were added where indicated by the arrow.

Article Snippet: Chemical compound, drug , Corticosterone , Tocris , 3685 , Oct3 inhibitor.

Techniques: Transfection, Control, Staining, Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Transduction

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Golgi localized β1-adrenergic receptors stimulate Golgi PI4P hydrolysis by PLCε to regulate cardiac hypertrophy

doi: 10.7554/eLife.48167

Figure Lengend Snippet: Norepinephrine induced hypertrophy also requires agonist internalization. Norepinephrine induces internal-receptor dependent increases in cell area ( A ) and ANF expression ( B ). NRVMs were stimulated for 48 hr with norepinephrine (10 μM) or dobutamine (100 nM) in the presence of Corticosterone (100 μM) or vehicle control. Following fixation, cells were stained for ANF and using CellTracker Deep Red. Images were captured using a Thermo Fisher Cell Insight and analyzed by Cell Profiler. Both NE and Dobutamine significantly increase cell size (NE, p<0.05 and Dob p<0.001) and ANF expression (NE, p<0.01 and Dob p<0.001) in control conditions. Dobutamine and Norepinephrine require Golgi localized βAR to induce increase in cell area ( C ) and ANF expression ( D ). NRVMs were transduced with FRB-CFP-Nb80 and FKBP-mApple-GalT for 24 hr before stimulation. 15 min before agonist addition, Rapamycin or (1 μM) or vehicle control was added. Cells were then stimulated with either dobutamine (100 nM) or norepinephrine (10 μM) for 48 hr. Following fixation, cells were stained for ANF and using CellTracker Deep Red. Images were captured using a Thermo Fisher Cell Insight and analyzed by Cell Profiler. Both NE and dobutamine significantly increase cell size (NE, p<0.001 and Dob p<0.01) and ANF expression (NE, p<0.001 and Dob p<0.001) in control conditions. All data is from at least 1200 cells from three separate preparations of NRVMs. Data were analyzed as means from N = 3-4 experiments. 10.7554/eLife.48167.027 Figure 8—source data 1. NE-stimulated hypertrophy requires OCT3 and Golgi resident βARs.

Article Snippet: Chemical compound, drug , Corticosterone , Tocris , 3685 , Oct3 inhibitor.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Staining, Transduction

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Golgi localized β1-adrenergic receptors stimulate Golgi PI4P hydrolysis by PLCε to regulate cardiac hypertrophy

doi: 10.7554/eLife.48167

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Chemical compound, drug , Corticosterone , Tocris , 3685 , Oct3 inhibitor.

Techniques: Isolation, Recombinant, Marker, Expressing, Transfection, Construct, shRNA, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: International journal of medical sciences

Article Title: Effects of mastication on antibody production under fasting conditions in mice.

doi: 10.7150/ijms.80396

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Changes in hormone levels and antibody production after fasting. Serum (a) leptin and (b) corticosterone levels were measured in normally fed and fasting (1 d and 2 d) mice. The levels observed for the control mice were considered the baseline level (100%), and levels in the fasting mice were normalized relative to the baseline. (c) Mice were immunized after fasting for 1 or 2 d, and antibody production was evaluated 2 weeks later. The values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation of end point enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody titers of 5–6 mice per group. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation of five mice per group. Different superscript letters represent significantly different values (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Serum leptin and corticosterone levels were measured using the EzWay Mouse Leptin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Cosmo bio, San Diego, CA, USA) and the Corticosterone Parameter Assay Kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturers’ instructions.

Techniques: Control, Standard Deviation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: International journal of medical sciences

Article Title: Effects of mastication on antibody production under fasting conditions in mice.

doi: 10.7150/ijms.80396

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Changes in serum hormone levels and body weight following supplementation with glucose and wooden stick during fasting conditions. a) Leptin and (b) corticosterone levels were measured in mice subjected to 30% glucose supplementation, chewing stimulation, and both treatments. (c) Changes in body weight for each group are presented as percentages. Mice were assigned to four groups: control, non, Glu, Chew and Glu+Chew. Control, normally fed mice; non, fasting mice; Glu, 30% glucose-supplemented mice; Chew, mice provided wooden stick; Glu+Chew, mice supplemented with 30% glucose and a wooden stick.

Article Snippet: Serum leptin and corticosterone levels were measured using the EzWay Mouse Leptin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Cosmo bio, San Diego, CA, USA) and the Corticosterone Parameter Assay Kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturers’ instructions.

Techniques: Control