Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles stimulate chondrocytes and cartilage extracellular matrix synthesis in vitro

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-40854-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: MenSC-EV effect on chondrocytes in 3D pellets, after 3 days of treatment and chondrogenic induction by MenSC-EVs in a chondrogenic medium containing TGF-β3 (10 ng/mL) for 21 days. A Histological evaluation of the chondrogenic pellets stained with safranin-O and toluidin blue, x400; B RT-qPCR of TGFBR2 and COL2A1 gene expression in MenSC-EV with TGF-β3-treated pellets compared to TGF-β3 alone. Relative mRNA level presented after normalization to two housekeeping genes (B2M and RPS9). Fold change on y axis represent TGF-β3 + EV/TGF-β3 ratio. * represent p ≤ 0.05 (one-way ANOVA test).

Article Snippet: COL2A1 , Hs01060345_m1 , Collagen type II alpha 1 chain.

Techniques: Staining, Quantitative RT-PCR, Gene Expression

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles stimulate chondrocytes and cartilage extracellular matrix synthesis in vitro

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-40854-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR) of cartilage explants, after treatment with MenSC-EVs. Collagen type II (COL2A1), aggrecan (ACAN), transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2), metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), cathepsin K (CTSK), estrogen receptor 1 alpha (ESR1) and progesterone (PGR) receptor genes were evaluated in explants after 7 days in culture. Relative mRNA level presented after normalization to two housekeeping genes (B2M and RPS9). Fold change on y axis represents EV/Control ratio. * represents p ≤ 0.05 (non-parametric Mann Whithey test).

Article Snippet: COL2A1 , Hs01060345_m1 , Collagen type II alpha 1 chain.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: Biomechanical and biological features of hyaluronic acid in combination with chondroitin and platelet rich plasma for regenerative medicine applications

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1607469

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR in 2D and 3D-like in vitro cultures. (A) COL2A1 , ACAN , and HAS-2 expression in 2D culture; (B) COL1A1 , IL-6 , TNF-α , and MMP-13 expression in 2D culture; (C) COL2A1 , ACAN , and HAS-2 expression in 3D-like culture; (D) COL1A1 , IL-6 , TNF-α , and MMP-13 expression in 3D-like culture. Data were normalized to pathological untreated cells (pCTR). Results are expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using a t-test: *p < 0.05 vs . pCTR; #p < 0.05 for HHA/BC+PRP vs . HHA/BC.

Article Snippet: For all the samples, a solution containing Triton X-100 at 0.2% v/v (Sigma Aldrich, Milan, Italy) in PBS was employed to permeabilize the chondrocytes, after that, the primary antibodies against COL2A1 (Elabscience, Houston, TX, United States) (diluted 1:100 v/v) and ACAN (Elabscience, Houston, TX, United States) (diluted 1:100 v/v) were incubated with the samples overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, In Vitro, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: Biomechanical and biological features of hyaluronic acid in combination with chondroitin and platelet rich plasma for regenerative medicine applications

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1607469

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein expression levels evaluation by WB of COL2A1, ACAN and HAS-2 after 48 h (A) and 96 h (B) of GAG-based treatments. Protein expression levels evaluation by WB of COMP-2, NF-κB and MMP-13 after 48 h (C) and 96 h (D) of GAG-based treatments. Densitometric analyses were performed by normalizing each protein expression vs . ACTIN. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using a t-test: *p < 0.05 vs . pCTR; #p < 0.05 for HHA/BC+PRP vs . HHA/BC.

Article Snippet: For all the samples, a solution containing Triton X-100 at 0.2% v/v (Sigma Aldrich, Milan, Italy) in PBS was employed to permeabilize the chondrocytes, after that, the primary antibodies against COL2A1 (Elabscience, Houston, TX, United States) (diluted 1:100 v/v) and ACAN (Elabscience, Houston, TX, United States) (diluted 1:100 v/v) were incubated with the samples overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: Biomechanical and biological features of hyaluronic acid in combination with chondroitin and platelet rich plasma for regenerative medicine applications

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1607469

Figure Lengend Snippet: IF staining and quantification of COL2A1 and ACAN in 2D and 3D-like in vitro culture. (A) IF images of COL2A1 in 2D culture; (B) IF images of ACAN in 2D culture; (C) quantification of COL2A1 mean pixel fluorescence intensity in 2D culture; (D) quantification of ACAN mean pixel fluorescence intensity in 2D culture; (E) IF images of COL2A1 in 3D-like culture; (F) IF images of ACAN in 3D-like culture; (G) quantification of COL2A1 mean pixel fluorescence intensity in 3D-like culture; (H) quantification of ACAN mean pixel fluorescence intensity in 3D-like culture. Representative micrographs: FITC green antibody was used for collagen and aggrecan detection, while nuclei were stained in blue and cytoskeleton in red. Scale bar 10 μm, objective magnification ×40. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using a t-test: *p < 0.05 vs . pCTR; #p < 0.05 for HHA/BC+PRP vs . HHA/BC.

Article Snippet: For all the samples, a solution containing Triton X-100 at 0.2% v/v (Sigma Aldrich, Milan, Italy) in PBS was employed to permeabilize the chondrocytes, after that, the primary antibodies against COL2A1 (Elabscience, Houston, TX, United States) (diluted 1:100 v/v) and ACAN (Elabscience, Houston, TX, United States) (diluted 1:100 v/v) were incubated with the samples overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Staining, In Vitro, Fluorescence

Journal: Arthritis Research & Therapy

Article Title: Dynamic pressurization induces transition of notochordal cells to a mature phenotype while retaining production of important patterning ligands from development

doi: 10.1186/ar4302

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gene expression for notochordal cell phenotypic markers . Quantitative reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to assess fold-changes in gene expression in the1 Dose and Daily pressurization groups normalized to unloaded controls and housekeeping gene 18s. No significant changes were observed in Brachyury (T), K18, or matrix proteins (Aggrecan and Col1a1 and Col2a1), but there was a significant increase in Noggin expression with the Daily and 1 Dose load groups compared with the unloaded Control group (* P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Real time qRT-PCR was run on an ABI 7500 (Applied Biosystems, Grand Island, NY, USA) using porcine-specific Taqman gene expression assays for the genes 18s (Hs03928985_g1), Aggrecan (Ss03374825_m1), Col1a1 and Col1a2 (Ss03373341_g1 and Ss03373345_g1), K18 (Ss03377383_u1), Brachyury (Ss03374655_m1) and Noggin (Ss03373959_s1).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Control