Journal: Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals

Article Title: Evaluation of Clopidogrel Conjugation Metabolism: PK Studies in Man and Mice of Clopidogrel Acyl Glucuronide.

doi: 10.1124/dmd.116.071092

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. Metabolites determined in plasma after administration of clopidogrel acyl glucuronide by intravenous (N = 35, parallel, 5 animals per sampling point) and oral route (N = 30 parallel, 5 animals per sampling point).

Article Snippet: The internal standards used for high-performance liquid chromatography– tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) analytical determinations were: d3-clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (SynFine Research, RichmondHill, ON, Canada), clopidogrel acyl-b- D-glucuronide (Toronto Research Chemicals Inc.), and 13C6-clopidogrel carboxylic acid (Alsachim, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Sampling

Journal: Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals

Article Title: Evaluation of Clopidogrel Conjugation Metabolism: PK Studies in Man and Mice of Clopidogrel Acyl Glucuronide.

doi: 10.1124/dmd.116.071092

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. Plasma concentration-versus-time curves for the three analytes after administration of clopidogrel in human subjects (N = 6) with and without charcoal (linear-linear display on A, C, E and ln-linear display on B, D, F).

Article Snippet: The internal standards used for high-performance liquid chromatography– tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) analytical determinations were: d3-clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (SynFine Research, RichmondHill, ON, Canada), clopidogrel acyl-b- D-glucuronide (Toronto Research Chemicals Inc.), and 13C6-clopidogrel carboxylic acid (Alsachim, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Concentration Assay

Journal: Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals

Article Title: Evaluation of Clopidogrel Conjugation Metabolism: PK Studies in Man and Mice of Clopidogrel Acyl Glucuronide.

doi: 10.1124/dmd.116.071092

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. Total recovery of clopidogrel, clopidogrel acyl-glucuronide, and clopidogrel carboxylic acid in urine and stool samples over 72 hours postdose after administration of clopidogrel in human subjects (N = 6).

Article Snippet: The internal standards used for high-performance liquid chromatography– tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) analytical determinations were: d3-clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (SynFine Research, RichmondHill, ON, Canada), clopidogrel acyl-b- D-glucuronide (Toronto Research Chemicals Inc.), and 13C6-clopidogrel carboxylic acid (Alsachim, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France).

Techniques:

Journal: Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals

Article Title: Evaluation of Clopidogrel Conjugation Metabolism: PK Studies in Man and Mice of Clopidogrel Acyl Glucuronide.

doi: 10.1124/dmd.116.071092

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Total recovery of clopidogrel, clopidogrel acyl-glucuronide, and clopidogrel carboxylic acid in urine samples after administration of clopidogrel in human subjects (N = 6) with or without activated charcoal.

Article Snippet: The internal standards used for high-performance liquid chromatography– tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) analytical determinations were: d3-clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (SynFine Research, RichmondHill, ON, Canada), clopidogrel acyl-b- D-glucuronide (Toronto Research Chemicals Inc.), and 13C6-clopidogrel carboxylic acid (Alsachim, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France).

Techniques:

Journal: Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals

Article Title: Evaluation of Clopidogrel Conjugation Metabolism: PK Studies in Man and Mice of Clopidogrel Acyl Glucuronide.

doi: 10.1124/dmd.116.071092

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. Recovery of clopidogrel acyl-glucuronide in urine (N = 6) displayed by collection intervals (A) and amount of urine excreted by collection intervals (B).

Article Snippet: The internal standards used for high-performance liquid chromatography– tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) analytical determinations were: d3-clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (SynFine Research, RichmondHill, ON, Canada), clopidogrel acyl-b- D-glucuronide (Toronto Research Chemicals Inc.), and 13C6-clopidogrel carboxylic acid (Alsachim, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France).

Techniques:

Journal: African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Article Title: Pharmacokinetics of 600 mg loading dose of clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

doi: 10.5897/ajpp12.352

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. HPLC chromatogram of carboxylic acid metabolite of clopidogrel and internal standard (IS). Plasma sample spiked with clopidogrel carboxylate metabolite and IS; Peaks: 1, IS; 2, clopidogrel carboxylate acid metabolite. RESULTS Chromatographic condition Under the chromatographic conditions described, the drug and IS were well resolved in plasma samples and eluted at 4.44 and 2.85 min, respectively. No interfering peaks of endogenous plasma components were found at the retention time of metabolite or internal standard in blank plasma (Figure 1) Method development and validation Linearity A linear relationship was obtained between the peak area

Article Snippet: Clopidogrel carboxylic acid was obtained from Toronto Research Chemicals in Canada.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Biomarker Discovery

Journal: The Korean Journal of Pain

Article Title: Pharmacological interactions between intrathecal pregabalin plus tianeptine or clopidogrel in a rat model of neuropathic pain

doi: 10.3344/kjp.2022.35.1.59

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time course curves of intrathecal pregabalin (A), tianeptine (B) and clopidogrel (C) on the hind paw withdrawal response after spinal nerve ligation. Data are presented as the withdrawal threshold (g). Each line represents the means ± standard error of the mean of 6 rats.

Article Snippet: Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea), and clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK); all drugs were dissolved in saline.

Techniques: Ligation

Journal: The Korean Journal of Pain

Article Title: Pharmacological interactions between intrathecal pregabalin plus tianeptine or clopidogrel in a rat model of neuropathic pain

doi: 10.3344/kjp.2022.35.1.59

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dose response effect of intrathecal pregabalin, tianeptine and clopidogrel (A), or mixture of pregabalin and tianeptine (B) on the hind paw withdrawal response after spinal nerve ligation. Data are presented as the percent of maximal possible effect (% MPE). Each line represents the means ± standard error of the mean of 6 rats. P: pregabalin ED 50 , T: tianeptine ED 50 , ED 50 : 50% effective dose. * P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001, compared with vehicle.

Article Snippet: Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea), and clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK); all drugs were dissolved in saline.

Techniques: Ligation

Journal: The Korean Journal of Pain

Article Title: Pharmacological interactions between intrathecal pregabalin plus tianeptine or clopidogrel in a rat model of neuropathic pain

doi: 10.3344/kjp.2022.35.1.59

Figure Lengend Snippet: A fixed dose analysis for the interaction between intrathecal clopidogrel (300 μg) and pregabalin. Data are presented as the percent of maximal possible effect (% MPE). Each line represents the means ± standard error of the mean of 6 rats.

Article Snippet: Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea), and clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK); all drugs were dissolved in saline.

Techniques:

Journal: Neurobiology of disease

Article Title: Adenosine A2A receptor antagonism reverses inflammation-induced impairment of microglial process extension in a model of Parkinson's disease.

doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.03.004

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. Quantification of microglial response to injury in acute brain slices. Slices from CX3CR1GFP/+ mice were imaged with confocal microscopy for 20 min before induction of injury and 20 min after injury, and 2D projections of the optical stacks at each time point were used for analysis by tracking moving objects larger than 2 μm in diameter. To confirm the involvement of P2Y12 receptors in the response to injury, the slices were treated with 2 μM of the selective P2Y12 receptor antagonist clopidogrel or DMSO vehicle. A, The image shows all tracks detected with Imaris for a baseline (left) and an injury (right) recording from a representative DMSO-treated slice; both panels are on the same scale. B, All tracks for a baseline (left) and an injury (right) recording from a representative clopidogrel-treated slice. The tracks are color-coded according to their duration; tracks with longer duration move in the direction of the injury. Scale bar: 5 μm. C–E, The average displacement of all moving objects (C), the average velocity of movement (D), and the fraction of tracks with longer than 5 μm displacement (E) were calculated for baseline (BL) recordings before injury and after the induction of the injury in the same slice. Numbers of slices for each condition are shown in parentheses. Statistics: two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. *, p b 0.05.

Article Snippet: For some experiments, the P2Y12 receptor antagonist clopidogrel (2 μM final concentration from DMSO stock, Tocris 2490) or the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist preladenant [5 μMfinal concentration from DMSO stock, synthesized at Dept. of Chemistry, Emory University, using procedures described by Neustadt et al. (2007)] were included in the perfusion solution for the duration of the experiment (baseline recording, induction of injury, response to injury).

Techniques: Confocal Microscopy

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: ECgo: All-Optical Induction of Single Endothelial Cell Injury and Capillary Occlusion in the Brain

doi: 10.1101/2025.05.27.656398

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Quantification of patent capillaries subjected to irradiation in the presence of Ps2P , either pretreated with anticoagulants to prevent occlusion or post-treated with rtPA to promote recanalization. All treatments failed to prevent blood flow cessation or to restore blood flow, respectively. (B) Reduction in blood flow upon capillary irradiation in the presence of anticoagulant drugs (left): Aspirin (N = 2, n = 10), heparin (N = 3, n = 17), clopidogrel (N = 4, n = 12) or blood flow recovery following reperfusion therapy with rtPA (N = 2, n = 18; right). Points represent single capillaries. (C) Representative two-photon images showing stalled blood cells inside the targeted capillary (left: leukocyte, middle: red blood cells (RBCs), right: platelets). Channels are displayed separately, with the merged image in the top left. Scale bars: 10 μm. (D) Representative maximum intensity two-photon 30-µm-z-projections of a Claudin5-EGFP reporter mouse. White arrowheads indicate individual EC nuclei. Scale bar: 10 μm. (E) Representative two-photon images of an EC injured capillary, showing pre-irradiation EC morphology (left) and post-irradiation damage (right). Line scan kymographs (cyan rectangles) using third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging confirm the presence and absence of blood flow pre- and post-irradiation, respectively. White arrowhead points towards injured EC nuclei. Scale bars: 10 μm. N = number of animals, n = number of capillaries.

Article Snippet: Clopidogrel (Tocris, Cat.# 1820) administration included either a 4-day treatment at a lower dose (20 mg/kg; one i.p. injection per day over 4 d) or a higher single dose injection (100 mg/kg, i.p.) on the capillary irradiation day, with a minimum 3-h waiting period between injection and capillary irradiation.

Techniques: Irradiation, Imaging

Journal: The Journal of toxicological sciences

Article Title: Involvement of P2Y receptors in the protective effect of ATP towards the cell damage in HaCaT cells exposed to H₂O₂.

doi: 10.2131/jts.36.741

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. Effect of P2Y receptor inhibitors on ATP- and UTP- induced cytoprotection against H2O2-induced cell damage to HaCaT cells. Cells were incubated with ATP (A) or UTP (B) at a concentration of 10 μM for 6 hr in the presence or absence of MRS2179 (100 μM), MRS2578 (10 μM), NF157 (50 μM), clopidogrel (30 μM), MRS2211 (100 μM), or suramin (100 μM). After incubation, cells were exposed to H2O2 at a dose of 7.5 mM for 6 hr and cell damage was evaluated by means of LDH assay. The data represent the mean ± S.E. (n = 4). ### Indicates that experimental value is significantly different (p < 0.005) compared to the non- H2O2-exposed control group. *, **, and *** Indicate that experimental values are signifi cantly different (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively) compared to the H2O2-alone-treated group. § Indicates that exper- imental value is signifi cantly different (p < 0.05) com- pared to the H2O2 plus ATP- or UTP-treated group.

Article Snippet: Suramin, A438079, MRS2179, MRS2578, NF157, clopidogrel hydrochloride and MRS2211 were from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK).

Techniques: Incubation, Concentration Assay, Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay, Control