Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Article Title: Human PXR Signaling Exacerbates Ethanol-induced Liver Injury in Females: Evidence From Mouse Models and Human Alcohol-associated Liver Disease Cohorts

doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101589

Figure Lengend Snippet: Plots for selected genes from microarray gene expression. Total RNA extracted from frozen liver was evaluated for changes using microarray. ( A ) Adh4; ( B ) Aldh4a1; ( C ) Cyp2b10 ; ( D ) Cidec ; ( E ) Ppargc1a ; ( F ) Apoa4 ; ( G ) Tnfrsf12a ; ( H ) Cyp2b9 ; ( I ) Cyp2b13 ; ( J ) Sult2a1 ; ( K ) Sult2a2 ; and ( L ) Acot2 . Data represents mean ± SEM (n = 6). ∗ P ≤ .05, ∗∗ P ≤ .01, ∗∗∗ P ≤ .001, ∗∗∗∗ P ≤ .0001 between indicated groups.

Article Snippet: CIDEC , Hs00535724_gH.

Techniques: Microarray, Gene Expression

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Article Title: Human PXR Signaling Exacerbates Ethanol-induced Liver Injury in Females: Evidence From Mouse Models and Human Alcohol-associated Liver Disease Cohorts

doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101589

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of ethanol on alcohol metabolism and PXR target genes. Total RNA was extracted from frozen liver obtained and evaluated for changes in mRNA expression of the following genes by RT-qPCR relative to the housekeeping Gapdh mRNA : ( A ) Adh1 ; ( B ) Aldh2 ; ( C ) Aldh1b1 ; ( D ) Aldh1a1 ; ( E ) Cat ; ( F ) m Pxr ; ( G ) h PXR ; ( H ) Cyp3a11 ; ( I ) Pparg ; ( J ) Cidec ; ( K ) Fsp27b ; and ( L ) Cd36 . Frozen liver homogenates were evaluated for changes in expression of the following proteins by Western blot relative to the housekeeping protein α-tubulin: ( M ) ADH protein for WT; ( N ) ADH protein for hPXR; ( O ) ALDH2 protein for WT; ( P ) ALDH2 protein for hPXR; ( Q ) ALDH1B1 protein for WT; ( R ) ALDH1B1 protein for hPXR; ( S ) PXR protein for WT; ( T ) PXR protein for hPXR; ( U ) CYP3A protein for WT; and ( V ) CYP3A protein for hPXR. The membranes used to probe for ADH1 ( M ), PXR ( S ), and CYP3A ( U ) protein expression were stripped and reprobed with primary antibodies against ALDH2 ( O ), ALDH1B1 ( Q ) and PXR ( T ). Data represents mean ± SEM (n = 6). ∗ P ≤ .05, ∗∗ P ≤ .01, ∗∗∗ P ≤ .001, ∗∗∗∗ P ≤ .0001 between indicated groups.

Article Snippet: CIDEC , Hs00535724_gH.

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Article Title: Human PXR Signaling Exacerbates Ethanol-induced Liver Injury in Females: Evidence From Mouse Models and Human Alcohol-associated Liver Disease Cohorts

doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101589

Figure Lengend Snippet: Patients with ALD also presented with upregulated lipogenic, inflammatory, and hepatotoxic genes. Total RNA was extracted from liver obtained from ALD and normal patients evaluated for changes in mRNA expression of the following genes by RT-qPCR relative to the housekeeping Gapdh mRNA : ( A ) PXR ; ( B ) CYP2B6 ; ( C ) CIDEC ; ( D ) AKR1B10 ; ( E ) FGF21 ; and ( F ) TNFRSF12A . TMA from liver also presented these results: ( G ) PXR1; ( H ) CYP2B6. Data represents mean ± SEM (n = 4–12). ∗ P ≤ .05, ∗∗ P ≤ .01, ∗∗∗ P ≤ .001, ∗∗∗∗ P ≤ .0001 between indicated groups.

Article Snippet: CIDEC , Hs00535724_gH.

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Article Title: Human PXR Signaling Exacerbates Ethanol-induced Liver Injury in Females: Evidence From Mouse Models and Human Alcohol-associated Liver Disease Cohorts

doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101589

Figure Lengend Snippet: No significant changes in gene expression were observed between patients with ALD steatohepatitis and patients with ALD cirrhosis. Total RNA was extracted from liver obtained from ALD and normal patients evaluated for changes in mRNA expression of the following genes by RT-qPCR relative to the housekeeping Gapdh mRNA: ( A ) PXR ; ( B ) CYP2B6 ; ( C ) CIDEC ; ( D ) AKR1B10 ; ( E ) FGF21 ; ( F ) TNFRSF12A . Data represents mean ± SEM (n = 2–11). ∗ P ≤ .05, ∗∗ P ≤ .01, ∗∗∗ P ≤ .001, ∗∗∗∗ P ≤ .0001 between indicated groups.

Article Snippet: CIDEC , Hs00535724_gH.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Diet-Induced Maternal Obesity Alters Insulin Signalling in Male Mice Offspring Rechallenged with a High-Fat Diet in Adulthood

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160184

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primers used in PCR analysis.

Article Snippet: CIDEC , Mm00617672_m1 , NM_001301295.1.

Techniques: Sequencing

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Diet-Induced Maternal Obesity Alters Insulin Signalling in Male Mice Offspring Rechallenged with a High-Fat Diet in Adulthood

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160184

Figure Lengend Snippet: mRNA levels (qRT-PCR) of CIDEC in white adipose tissue of offspring at d28 (A) and d82 (B), and PPARy at d28 (C) and d82 (D). For relative gene expression analysis, β-actin was used as an endogenous control. Data are means ± SEM (n = 3–8). Two-way ANOVA (C and D) or t test (A and B) was used. In all analysis, at least three different litters were considered. Different letters indicate significant differences at p<0.05.

Article Snippet: CIDEC , Mm00617672_m1 , NM_001301295.1.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Gene Expression, Control

Journal: Journal of Lipid Research

Article Title: Differential regulation of CIDEA and CIDEC expression by insulin via Akt1/2- and JNK2-dependent pathways in human adipocytes [S]

doi: 10.1194/jlr.M012427

Figure Lengend Snippet: PI3K inhibitors block the regulation of both CIDEA and CIDEC expression by insulin. A and B: Concentration-response effect of PI3K inhibitors on CIDEA and CIDEC mRNA expression. Differentiated adipocytes were starved in serum/Dex/insulin-free maintenance medium for 16 h. Cells were then treated with wortmannin or PI-103 at the indicated concentrations for 30 min followed by stimulation with or without 100 nM insulin for 24 h. The mRNA expression levels of CIDEA and CIDEC were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, normalized relative to 18S rRNA expression, and shown as relative mRNA levels. Data are presented as means ± SEM of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus control without insulin; ##P < 0.01 versus control with insulin.

Article Snippet: PCR was performed using Hs00154455_m1 for CIDEA, Hs00535723_m1 for CIDEC, Hs00178289_m1 for Akt1, Hs00609846_m1for Akt2, Hs00178533_m1 for Akt3, Hs00177083_m1 for JNK1, Hs00177102_m1 for JNK2, and Hs99999901_s1 for 18S rRNA (Applied Biosystems). siRNA study Differentiated adipocytes were transfected with 10 nM control siRNA (12935-110; Invitrogen), Akt1 siRNA (12935-001 Duplex1; Invitrogen), Akt2 siRNA (12937-40 Duplex2; Invitrogen), Akt3 siRNA (HSS115177; Invitrogen), JNK1 siRNA (12936-42 Duplex1; Invitrogen), or JNK2 siRNA (12936-44 Duplex1; Invitrogen) using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Expressing, Concentration Assay, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control

Journal: Journal of Lipid Research

Article Title: Differential regulation of CIDEA and CIDEC expression by insulin via Akt1/2- and JNK2-dependent pathways in human adipocytes [S]

doi: 10.1194/jlr.M012427

Figure Lengend Snippet: The Akt inhibitor API-2 and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 selectively block regulation of CIDEA and CIDEC expression by insulin, respectively. A: Concentration-response effect of the Akt inhibitor on CIDEA and CIDEC mRNA expression. Differentiated adipocytes were starved in serum/Dex/insulin-free maintenance medium for 16 h. Cells were then treated with API-2 at the indicated concentrations for 30 min followed by stimulation with or without 100 nM insulin for 24 h. B: Effects of the MAPK inhibitors on CIDEA and CIDEC mRNA expression. Differentiated adipocytes were starved in serum/Dex/insulin-free maintenance medium for 16 h. Cells were then treated with 10 μΜ U0126, 10 μΜ SP600125, or 20 μΜ SB203580 for 30 min followed by stimulation with or without 100 nM insulin for 24 h. C: Concentration-response effect of the JNK inhibitor on CIDEC mRNA expression. Differentiated adipocytes were starved in serum/Dex/insulin-free maintenance medium for 16 h. Cells were then treated with SP600125 at the indicated concentrations for 30 min followed by stimulation with or without 100 nM insulin for 24 h. The mRNA expression levels of CIDEA and CIDEC were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, normalized relative to 18S rRNA expression, and shown as relative mRNA levels. Data are presented as means ± SEM of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus control without insulin; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 versus control with insulin.

Article Snippet: PCR was performed using Hs00154455_m1 for CIDEA, Hs00535723_m1 for CIDEC, Hs00178289_m1 for Akt1, Hs00609846_m1for Akt2, Hs00178533_m1 for Akt3, Hs00177083_m1 for JNK1, Hs00177102_m1 for JNK2, and Hs99999901_s1 for 18S rRNA (Applied Biosystems). siRNA study Differentiated adipocytes were transfected with 10 nM control siRNA (12935-110; Invitrogen), Akt1 siRNA (12935-001 Duplex1; Invitrogen), Akt2 siRNA (12937-40 Duplex2; Invitrogen), Akt3 siRNA (HSS115177; Invitrogen), JNK1 siRNA (12936-42 Duplex1; Invitrogen), or JNK2 siRNA (12936-44 Duplex1; Invitrogen) using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Expressing, Concentration Assay, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control

Journal: Journal of Lipid Research

Article Title: Differential regulation of CIDEA and CIDEC expression by insulin via Akt1/2- and JNK2-dependent pathways in human adipocytes [S]

doi: 10.1194/jlr.M012427

Figure Lengend Snippet: Depletion of JNK2, but not JNK1, attenuates insulin-induced CIDEC expression. A and B: Differentiated adipocytes were treated with control siRNA (siControl), JNK1 siRNA (siJNK1), and/or JNK2 siRNA (siJNK2) in maintenance medium for 7 days. Cells were then starved in serum/Dex/insulin-free maintenance medium for 16 h followed by stimulation with or without 100 nM insulin for 24 h. The mRNA expression levels of CIDEC (A), JNK1, and JNK2 (B) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, normalized relative to 18S rRNA expression, and shown as relative mRNA levels. Data are presented as means ± SEM of three independent experiments. **P < 0.01 versus siControl without insulin; ##P < 0.01 versus 10 nM siControl with insulin; §§P < 0.01 versus 20 nM siControl with insulin. C: Western blot analysis of CIDEC protein expression. Differentiated adipocytes were treated with control siRNA or JNK2 siRNA in maintenance medium for 7 days. Cells were then starved in serum/Dex/insulin-free maintenance medium for 16 h followed by stimulation with or without 100 nM insulin for 48 h. β-Actin served as a loading control. These experiments were performed three times, and the results of one representative experiment are shown. D: Quantification of protein expression levels of CIDEC. The protein expression levels of CIDEC were normalized relative to β-actin protein expression and shown as relative protein levels. Data are presented as means ± SEM of three independent experiments. **P < 0.01 versus siControl without insulin; ##P < 0.01 versus 10 nM siControl with insulin.

Article Snippet: PCR was performed using Hs00154455_m1 for CIDEA, Hs00535723_m1 for CIDEC, Hs00178289_m1 for Akt1, Hs00609846_m1for Akt2, Hs00178533_m1 for Akt3, Hs00177083_m1 for JNK1, Hs00177102_m1 for JNK2, and Hs99999901_s1 for 18S rRNA (Applied Biosystems). siRNA study Differentiated adipocytes were transfected with 10 nM control siRNA (12935-110; Invitrogen), Akt1 siRNA (12935-001 Duplex1; Invitrogen), Akt2 siRNA (12937-40 Duplex2; Invitrogen), Akt3 siRNA (HSS115177; Invitrogen), JNK1 siRNA (12936-42 Duplex1; Invitrogen), or JNK2 siRNA (12936-44 Duplex1; Invitrogen) using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot

Journal: Journal of Lipid Research

Article Title: Differential regulation of CIDEA and CIDEC expression by insulin via Akt1/2- and JNK2-dependent pathways in human adipocytes [S]

doi: 10.1194/jlr.M012427

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hypothesis of insulin signaling pathways associated with the regulation of CIDEA and CIDEC expression in human adipocytes. The regulation of CIDEA and CIDEC expression by insulin is mediated by PI3K signaling. However, the insulin signaling pathway involved in the regulation of CIDEA and CIDEC diverges into different pathways downstream of PI3K. Akt1/2 mediates insulin-induced downregulation of CIDEA, whereas JNK2 mediates insulin-induced upregulation of CIDEC. The insulin regulation of CIDEA and CIDEC via different signaling pathways would contribute separately to insulin-induced anti-apoptosis and lipid droplet formation in human adipocytes.

Article Snippet: PCR was performed using Hs00154455_m1 for CIDEA, Hs00535723_m1 for CIDEC, Hs00178289_m1 for Akt1, Hs00609846_m1for Akt2, Hs00178533_m1 for Akt3, Hs00177083_m1 for JNK1, Hs00177102_m1 for JNK2, and Hs99999901_s1 for 18S rRNA (Applied Biosystems). siRNA study Differentiated adipocytes were transfected with 10 nM control siRNA (12935-110; Invitrogen), Akt1 siRNA (12935-001 Duplex1; Invitrogen), Akt2 siRNA (12937-40 Duplex2; Invitrogen), Akt3 siRNA (HSS115177; Invitrogen), JNK1 siRNA (12936-42 Duplex1; Invitrogen), or JNK2 siRNA (12936-44 Duplex1; Invitrogen) using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Protein-Protein interactions, Expressing

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Rare CIDEC coding variants enriched in age-related macular degeneration patients with small low-luminance deficit cause lipid droplet and fat storage defects

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280484

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative images of GFP-tagged CIDEC wild-type (WT) or rare variants localized to LDs labeled in red by BODIPY 558/568. Scale bar: 2 μm. (B) Size distribution of LDs in pre-adipocytes expressing CIDEC WT or each of the rare variants (diameters in μm). (C) Percentage of LDs with a diameter larger than 3 μm. N = 3 (mean ± SD, Student’s t test, *p<0.05).

Article Snippet: 3x Flag- and GFP-tagged expression plasmids were used to express human CIDEC wild type (WT) and the CIDEC rare variants (E186X, V47I, Y61H, V161M, or Q220H) (Genecopoeia, Inc.).

Techniques: Labeling, Expressing

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Rare CIDEC coding variants enriched in age-related macular degeneration patients with small low-luminance deficit cause lipid droplet and fat storage defects

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280484

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative time-lapse images over 40 minutes of LDs in cells co-expressing GFP-tagged CIDEC WT (taken from ) or each of the rare variants, and mCherry-tagged PLIN1. Scale bar: 2 μm. (B) Percentage of LDs undergoing fusion during the 6-hour analysis. N = 3 (mean ± SD, Student’s t test, *p<0.05). (C) Time in minutes required from initial LD–LD contact to complete LD fusion.

Article Snippet: 3x Flag- and GFP-tagged expression plasmids were used to express human CIDEC wild type (WT) and the CIDEC rare variants (E186X, V47I, Y61H, V161M, or Q220H) (Genecopoeia, Inc.).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Rare CIDEC coding variants enriched in age-related macular degeneration patients with small low-luminance deficit cause lipid droplet and fat storage defects

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280484

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleach (FRAP) images of paired LD expressing GFP-tagged CIDEC wild-type (WT) showing progressive neutral lipid (BODIPY 558/568 dye labeling) exchange as determined by fluorescence recovery from the adjacent LD. (B) Quantification of mean optical intensity (MOI) in the bleached (blue circle) and unbleached (red circle) LD in cells expressing CIDEC WT or each of the rare variants. (C) Percentage of MOI recovery on bleached LDs from 0 sec. to 300 seconds. N = 3 (mean ± SD, Student’s t test, *p<0.05).

Article Snippet: 3x Flag- and GFP-tagged expression plasmids were used to express human CIDEC wild type (WT) and the CIDEC rare variants (E186X, V47I, Y61H, V161M, or Q220H) (Genecopoeia, Inc.).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Expressing, Labeling

Journal: PLOS ONE

Article Title: Rare CIDEC coding variants enriched in age-related macular degeneration patients with small low-luminance deficit cause lipid droplet and fat storage defects

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280484

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) 3xflag-tagged CIDEC wild-type (WT) was co-transfected with the indicated GFP-tagged CIDEC variants in HEK 293T cells. GFP alone was used as negative control. 3xflag-tagged CIDEC WT was immuno-precipitated (IP) using anti-Flag and pulled-down proteins were immuno-blotted (IB) with anti-GFP and anti-Flag. Total cell lysate was immunoblotted with anti-GFP to control for CIDEC-GFP expression levels. (B-E) HEK 293T cells were co-transfected with 3xFlag-CIDEC WT, E186X or AMD variants, and either PLIN1-mCherry (B), AS160-GFP (C) or RAB8A-mCherry (D). After immunoprecipitation (IP) of the 3xFlag-CIDEC, pulled-down proteins were probed with anti-mCherry or anti-GFP, and anti-Flag. Co-transfection with mCherry or GFP alone was used as negative controls. Total cell lysates were immunoblotted (IB) with anti-mCherry or anti-GFP to control for PLIN1, AS160 and RAB8A expression levels. (E) Representative fluorescence images of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes lipid droplets containing CIDEC-GFP wild-type (WT) or variants and RAB8A-mCherry. Scale bar: 2 μm.

Article Snippet: 3x Flag- and GFP-tagged expression plasmids were used to express human CIDEC wild type (WT) and the CIDEC rare variants (E186X, V47I, Y61H, V161M, or Q220H) (Genecopoeia, Inc.).

Techniques: Transfection, Negative Control, Control, Expressing, Immunoprecipitation, Cotransfection, Fluorescence