Journal: Translational Cancer Research

Article Title: Secretogranin II serves as a potential prognostic biomarker and correlates with the immune microenvironment in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

doi: 10.21037/tcr-2025-1550

Figure Lengend Snippet: Selection of SCG2 . (A) Volcano plot of differential expression between pNETs and normal pancreatic tissues, a total of 41 genes were significantly upregulated and 92 genes were downregulated (|log 2 FC| >2, adjusted P<0.05). (B) Heatmap illustrating the expression profiles of the 41 upregulated DEGs in pNET and normal pancreatic sample. The color scale represents normalized gene expression values, with red indicating high expression and blue indicating low expression. (C) PPI network constructed from upregulated DEGs, with SCG2 identified as a key gene in pNETs. (D) SCG2 expression was significantly upregulated in pNET tissues compared to normal pancreatic tissues in the merged dataset. ***, P<0.001. DEGs, differentially expressed genes; FC, fold change; pNET, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; PPI, protein-protein interaction; TPM, transcripts per million.

Article Snippet: The SCG2 antibody (clone OTI3F12, ORIGENE, Rockville, USA, at a dilution of 1:500) application followed, with incubations at room temperature and then 4 °C.

Techniques: Selection, Quantitative Proteomics, Expressing, Gene Expression, Construct

Journal: Translational Cancer Research

Article Title: Secretogranin II serves as a potential prognostic biomarker and correlates with the immune microenvironment in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

doi: 10.21037/tcr-2025-1550

Figure Lengend Snippet: Enrichment analysis associated with SCG2 expression in pNETs. (A) GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. (B) Top three negatively enriched pathways in the low SCG2 expression group identified by GSEA, include interferon-γ response, interferon-α response, and inflammatory response. (C) Top three positively enriched pathways in the high SCG2 expression group were identified by GSEA. BP, biological processes; CC, cellular components; FC, fold change; pNET; GO, Gene Ontology; GSEA, gene set enrichment analysis; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MF, molecular functions.

Article Snippet: The SCG2 antibody (clone OTI3F12, ORIGENE, Rockville, USA, at a dilution of 1:500) application followed, with incubations at room temperature and then 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Translational Cancer Research

Article Title: Secretogranin II serves as a potential prognostic biomarker and correlates with the immune microenvironment in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

doi: 10.21037/tcr-2025-1550

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of SCG2 -related immune infiltration in pNET patients. (A) A bar chart showing the difference in the proportion of 22 types of TIICs in the TME of pNETs. (B) Boxplot showing the difference in the proportion of 22 types of TIICs in pNET tissue samples between high and low SCG2 expression groups. SCG2 -high pNETs exhibited significantly reduced infiltration of regulatory T cells and M1 macrophages, and increased infiltration of activated natural killer cells and dendritic cells. (C) Correlation of the relative abundance of 22 TIICs with SCG2 expression level. (D) Boxplot showing significantly lower ESTIMATE Scores in SCG2 high-expression patients. (E) Boxplot showing a significant decrease in Immune Score in the SCG2 high-expression group. (F) Stromal Score was significantly lower in the SCG2 high-expression group. ns, not significant; *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001. pNET, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; TIIC, tumor-infiltrating immune cells; TME, tumor microenvironment.

Article Snippet: The SCG2 antibody (clone OTI3F12, ORIGENE, Rockville, USA, at a dilution of 1:500) application followed, with incubations at room temperature and then 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Translational Cancer Research

Article Title: Secretogranin II serves as a potential prognostic biomarker and correlates with the immune microenvironment in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

doi: 10.21037/tcr-2025-1550

Figure Lengend Snippet: Scatter plots showing significant associations between SCG2 expression and selected infiltrating immune cells. (A) Activated dendritic cells. (B) Macrophage M1. (C) Macrophage M2. (D) NK cells. (E) γδ T cells. (F) Treg cells. NK cells, activated natural killer cells; TPM, transcripts per million; Treg cells, regulatory T cells.

Article Snippet: The SCG2 antibody (clone OTI3F12, ORIGENE, Rockville, USA, at a dilution of 1:500) application followed, with incubations at room temperature and then 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Translational Cancer Research

Article Title: Secretogranin II serves as a potential prognostic biomarker and correlates with the immune microenvironment in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

doi: 10.21037/tcr-2025-1550

Figure Lengend Snippet: Co-expression heatmap of SCG2 with immune-related genes. (A) Immunosuppressive-related genes. (B) Immune stimulants. (C) Chemokines. The color scale represents normalized gene expression values, with red indicating high expression and blue indicating low expression. ns, not significant; *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001. TPM, transcripts per million.

Article Snippet: The SCG2 antibody (clone OTI3F12, ORIGENE, Rockville, USA, at a dilution of 1:500) application followed, with incubations at room temperature and then 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression

Journal: Translational Cancer Research

Article Title: Secretogranin II serves as a potential prognostic biomarker and correlates with the immune microenvironment in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

doi: 10.21037/tcr-2025-1550

Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification of SCG2 high expression-related gene modules by WGCNA. (A) Weighted gene co-expression network of 6,339 genes, clustered into 31 modules using a soft-thresholding power of 12 to achieve scale-free topology. (B) Construction of a topological overlap matrix of all gene correlations after weighting. (C) Heatmap of module correlation with high SCG2 expression. Blue represents negative correlation, and red represents positive correlation. (D) The skyblue module showed the highest correlation with SCG2 expression (Spearman R=0.47, P<0.001). *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001. Cor, correlation; WGCNA, weighted gene co-expression network analysis.

Article Snippet: The SCG2 antibody (clone OTI3F12, ORIGENE, Rockville, USA, at a dilution of 1:500) application followed, with incubations at room temperature and then 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Translational Cancer Research

Article Title: Secretogranin II serves as a potential prognostic biomarker and correlates with the immune microenvironment in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

doi: 10.21037/tcr-2025-1550

Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification of key genes in the skyblue module. (A) Key genes selected using the “Upset” package. (B) Visualization of the interaction between 8 key genes using Cytoscape software. (C) Chromosomal localization of key genes. (D) Heatmap displaying the expression levels of 8 key genes in pNETs. Red indicates high and blue indicates low normalized gene expression levels. (E) All 8 key genes show significant positive correlation with SCG2 expression. ***, P<0.001. DMNC, Density of Maximum Neighborhood Component; EPC, Edge Percolated Component; MCC, Maximal Clique Centrality; MNC, Maximum Neighborhood Component; pNET, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor.

Article Snippet: The SCG2 antibody (clone OTI3F12, ORIGENE, Rockville, USA, at a dilution of 1:500) application followed, with incubations at room temperature and then 4 °C.

Techniques: Software, Expressing, Gene Expression

Journal: Translational Cancer Research

Article Title: Secretogranin II serves as a potential prognostic biomarker and correlates with the immune microenvironment in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

doi: 10.21037/tcr-2025-1550

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical validation and expression patterns of SCG2 in pNET. (A) SCG2 mRNA expression is significantly elevated in pNET tissues. (B) Representative IHC images of SCG2 in pNETs and peritumoral tissues. Scale bar: 50 µm. (C) Expression level of SCG2 in pNETs and peritumoral tissues, showing significantly higher expression in pNETs. (D) Representative IHC staining images of pNETs showing negative, weak, moderate, and strong staining (Scale bar: 100 µm). ***, P<0.001. IHC, immunohistochemistry; mRNA, messenger RNA; pNET, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor.

Article Snippet: The SCG2 antibody (clone OTI3F12, ORIGENE, Rockville, USA, at a dilution of 1:500) application followed, with incubations at room temperature and then 4 °C.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Biomarker Discovery, Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Staining

Journal: Translational Cancer Research

Article Title: Secretogranin II serves as a potential prognostic biomarker and correlates with the immune microenvironment in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

doi: 10.21037/tcr-2025-1550

Figure Lengend Snippet: Association of SCG2 expression with clinicopathologic parameters. (A) Kaplan-Meier analysis showing significantly shorter DFS in patients with high SCG2 expression. (B) Kaplan-Meier analysis showing significantly poorer OS in patients with high SCG2 expression. Association between SCG2 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics, including (C) sex, (D) stage, (E) CA19-9, (F) grade. CA-199, carbohydrate antigen-199; DFS, disease-free survival; HR, hazard ratio; IHC, immunohistochemistry; OS, overall survival.

Article Snippet: The SCG2 antibody (clone OTI3F12, ORIGENE, Rockville, USA, at a dilution of 1:500) application followed, with incubations at room temperature and then 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: REST Regulates Non-Cell-Autonomous Neuronal Differentiation and Maturation of Neural Progenitor Cells via Secretogranin II

doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.4286-14.2015

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Scg2 upregulation is required downstream of REST for differentiation of AHPs. A, REST-Scg2 double knockdown rescues REST knockdown phenotype. Immunofluorescent staining of AHPs transfected with shSCR/shSCR, shSCR/shREST, shSCR/ shScg2,orshREST/shScg2culturedinthepresenceofFGF2for4d.GreenrepresentscellsexpressingshRNA.BluerepresentsDAPI. Red represents TUJ1. B, REST/Scg2 double knockdown results in decreased neuronal differentiation compared with REST knock- down alone, as quantified by percentage of GFP /-tubulin III cells. ***p 5.68 10 7.

Article Snippet: Recombinant SCG2 (MW 70.8 kDa, NP_003460) was purchased from Origene and used at 20 ng/ml, resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS.

Techniques: Knockdown, Staining, Transfection

Journal: Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: REST Regulates Non-Cell-Autonomous Neuronal Differentiation and Maturation of Neural Progenitor Cells via Secretogranin II

doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.4286-14.2015

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Exogenous SCG2 induces differentiation and maturation of AHPs. A, Recombinant SCG2 was added in the top chamber (treatment chamber) of a microfluidic device; WT AHPs were plated in the bottom chamber (cell chamber). B, Effect of recombinant SCG2 treatment (20 ng/ml) on AHPs. Recombinant SCG2-treated or untreated AHPs were stained with anti-TUJ1 (green), anti-Map2 (red), and DAPI (blue). C, Treatment with SCG2 promoted significant neurite outgrowth. ***p 0.0005. n 80. D, SCG2 promoted neurite branching of wild-type AHPs. The number ofneuritesub-branchesincreasedupontreatmentwithrecombinantSCG2.E,ExampleofmEPSCrecordingstakenfromshSCR_SCG2-andshREST_SCG2-treatedneurons.F,TreatingshSCRprimary neuronswithSCG2(10ng/ml)wassufficienttoincreasemEPSCamplitudetoalevelcomparablewiththatofshREST-transfectedneurons(shSCR_SCG2:n13,mean17.0 2.1pA;shREST_SCG2: n8,mean19.0 1.7pA).G,SCG2treatmentalsoabolishedthedifferenceinmEPSCfrequencybetweenshSCR-andshREST-transfectedneurons(shSCR_SCG2:mean6.4 2.0Hz;shREST_SCG2: mean5.8 1.7Hz).H,Schematicrepresentationofthemicrofluidicdevice.I–K,Foldchangesinneuriteoutgrowth(lengthandbranches)upondifferentcombinationsofdoubleknockdown.AHPs weretransfectedwithtwodifferentconstructsencodedbyfluorescentcolors(mCherryandGFP)foreachofthecombinatorydoubleknockdownsetups(shSCR/scSCR,shSCR/shScg2,shREST/shSCR, and shREST/shScg2) and then cultured in the presence of FGF2 for 5 d. *p 0.05. **p 0.005. ns, Not significant.

Article Snippet: Recombinant SCG2 (MW 70.8 kDa, NP_003460) was purchased from Origene and used at 20 ng/ml, resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS.

Techniques: Recombinant, Staining, Cell Culture

Journal: Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: REST Regulates Non-Cell-Autonomous Neuronal Differentiation and Maturation of Neural Progenitor Cells via Secretogranin II

doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.4286-14.2015

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure6. SCG2isnecessaryandmediatesthenon–cell-autonomouseffectsofRESTknockdown.A,Inthetopchamberofthemicrofluidicdevice(treatmentchamber),conditionedmediumwas added; WT AHPs were plated in the bottom chamber (cell chamber). B, Anti-SCG2, but not control antibodies, can deplete the differentiation-inducing activity in shREST-conditioned medium. Conditionedmediumfromcontrolantibodyenhanceddifferentiation.C,AnincreaseinSox2(**p0.001)andadecreaseinTUJ1(***p0.0001)expressionwereobserveduponimmunodeple- tion (n 24). D, Average length analysis of neurites in immunodepletion experiments. A significant decrease in neurite length (***p 0.0001) was observed upon SCG2 immunodepletion. E, Sub-branches of neurites are observed only in SCG2 non-immunodepleted samples.

Article Snippet: Recombinant SCG2 (MW 70.8 kDa, NP_003460) was purchased from Origene and used at 20 ng/ml, resuspended in 0.1% BSA in PBS.

Techniques: Control, Activity Assay, Immunodepletion