Journal: Industrial crops and products

Article Title: Wild Sambucus nigra L. from north-east edge of the species range: A valuable germplasm with inhibitory capacity against SARS-CoV2 S-protein RBD and hACE2 binding in vitro .

doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113438

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. Differences in phytochemical content of established cell cultures and whole plant-derived tissues were assessed by MS profiling of methanol extracts. Cell cultures were optimized for total flavonoid content following three strategies – optimization of culture parameters (non-elicit. cells), elicitation with 200 µM MeJA (MeJA elicit. cells), and visual selection of pigmented cells (red cells). Each bar represents the average value based on three biological replicates;Error bars represent standard deviation. A – content of organic acids quantified based on the chlorogenic acid standard curve; B –content of phenolic compounds quantified based on rutin standard curve; C –content of anthocyanins quantified based on a cyanidin-3-glucoside standard curve; D – principal component analysis score plot based on MS- derived phytochemical profiles of S. nigra cell suspensions and whole-plant tissues.

Article Snippet: Content of organic acids was quantified based on chlorogenic acid (Acros organic, Cat. No. 109240010) standard curve (0.1 – 100 mg L− 1), phenolic compounds were quantified based on rutin (Acros organic, Cat. No. 132390050) standard curve (0.1 – 10 mg L− 1) and anthocyanins were quantified based on cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (16406, Cayman chemical) standard curve (10 – 200 mg L− 1).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Selection, Standard Deviation

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Brewed Coffee and Its Components Act Through Orphan Nuclear Receptor 4A1 (NR4A1)

doi: 10.3390/nu18060877

Figure Lengend Snippet: Polyphenolics inhibit Rh30 cell proliferation. Rh30 cells were treated with 100–500 µM caffeic acid ( A ), ferulic acid ( B ), chlorogenic acid ( C ), p -coumaric acid ( D ), cinnamic acid ( E ), 2-hydroxycinnamic acid ( F ), 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid ( G ), and 3-hydroxycinnamic acid ( H ) for 24 h, and effects on growth inhibition compared with DMSO (control) were determined as outlined in the . ( I ). Wild-type (NR4A1 +/+ ) control and NR4A1-knockdown Rh30 cells were treated with 150 or 300 µM of the major polyphenolics in brewed coffee, and effects on cell proliferation were determined as outlined in the . Rh30 cells were treated with caffeic acid and Columbia decaf extracts, and effects on growth inhibition ( J ) and overexpression of NR4A1 ( K ) were determined as outlined in the . Results are expressed as means ± SDs of 3 separate determinations (biological replicates), and significant ( p < 0.05) inhibition ( A – H ) is indicated (*). Treatment with polyphenolics did not significantly inhibit growth in NR4A1-knockdown cells.

Article Snippet: The individual coffee compounds and related cinnamic acid derivatives (with CAS numbers) were purchased from commercial sources: p -coumaric acid (501-98-4), caffeine (58-08-02), ferulic acid (1135-24-6), 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (2316-26-9), quinic acid (77-95-2), chlorogenic acid (327-97-9), 3-hydroxycinnamic acid (19755-02-3), 2-hydroxycinnamic acid (614-60-8), trans-cinnamic acid (140-10-3; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), kahweol (6894-43-5), cafestrol (469-83-0; LKT Laboratories, St. Paul, MN, USA) and caffeic acid (331-39-5; Cayman Chemical Co., Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

Techniques: Inhibition, Control, Knockdown, Over Expression

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Brewed Coffee and Its Components Act Through Orphan Nuclear Receptor 4A1 (NR4A1)

doi: 10.3390/nu18060877

Figure Lengend Snippet: Coffee extracts and select polyphenolics bind NR4A1. Using the fluorescence quenching assay as outlined in the , the binding (K d values) of brewed coffee extracts ( A – C ) and the following polyphenolic compounds was determined: caffeic acid ( D ), ferulic acid ( E ), chlorogenic acid ( F ), p -coumaric acid ( G ), cinnamic acid ( H ), 2-hydroxycinnamic acid ( I ), 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid ( J ) and 3-hydroxycinnamic acid ( K ). The individual polyphenolics exhibited minimal fluorescence, as well, the NR4A1 ligand and most of the corrected binding curves overlapped.

Article Snippet: The individual coffee compounds and related cinnamic acid derivatives (with CAS numbers) were purchased from commercial sources: p -coumaric acid (501-98-4), caffeine (58-08-02), ferulic acid (1135-24-6), 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (2316-26-9), quinic acid (77-95-2), chlorogenic acid (327-97-9), 3-hydroxycinnamic acid (19755-02-3), 2-hydroxycinnamic acid (614-60-8), trans-cinnamic acid (140-10-3; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), kahweol (6894-43-5), cafestrol (469-83-0; LKT Laboratories, St. Paul, MN, USA) and caffeic acid (331-39-5; Cayman Chemical Co., Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Binding Assay

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Brewed Coffee and Its Components Act Through Orphan Nuclear Receptor 4A1 (NR4A1)

doi: 10.3390/nu18060877

Figure Lengend Snippet: Binding of coffee compounds to the NR4A1 ligand-binding domain (LBD). ( A ). Structural superposition of NR4A1 LBD crystal structures: PDB 3V3Q (yellow), complexed with two TMPA molecules at the characteristic sites A and B; PDB 8Y7L (blue), complexed with NB1 at site B; and PDB 1YJE (cyan), used as the reference structure (target). Both 3V3Q and 8Y7L were superposed onto 1YJE with RSMD values of 0.65 and 0.87, respectively. ( B ). Kahweol was predicted to bind within site B, and caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and chlorogenic acid were localized to site A of the NR4A1 LBD crystal structure (PDB code 1YJE). ( C – F ). Conventional docking poses with amino acid interactions. Caffeic acid (site A) ( C ), ferulic acid (site A) ( D ), kahweol (site B) ( E ), chlorogenic acid (site A) ( F ) and cafestrol (site B) ( G ). The docking scores and interactions with sites A and B are summarized in .

Article Snippet: The individual coffee compounds and related cinnamic acid derivatives (with CAS numbers) were purchased from commercial sources: p -coumaric acid (501-98-4), caffeine (58-08-02), ferulic acid (1135-24-6), 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (2316-26-9), quinic acid (77-95-2), chlorogenic acid (327-97-9), 3-hydroxycinnamic acid (19755-02-3), 2-hydroxycinnamic acid (614-60-8), trans-cinnamic acid (140-10-3; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), kahweol (6894-43-5), cafestrol (469-83-0; LKT Laboratories, St. Paul, MN, USA) and caffeic acid (331-39-5; Cayman Chemical Co., Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Ligand Binding Assay

Journal: Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry

Article Title: Novel Xanthine Oxidase (XO) inhibitory phenylindanes produced by thermal reaction of caffeic acid.

doi: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1491287

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Panel A, XO inhibitory activity of thermal reaction products (0.3 mg/mL) from chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and quinic acid at 200ºC. Scale of X-axis expresses reaction time. Data are expressed at the mean ± SD (n = 3). Panel B, XO inhibitory activity of thermal reaction product (0.3 mg/mL) from caffeic acid at the different temperatures. Scale of X-axis expresses reaction time. Data are expressed at the mean ± SD (n = 3).

Article Snippet: 8 mm, L. 100 mm) were placed 10 mg of chlorogenic acid (Carbosynth, Compton, UK), caffeic acid (Kanto Chemicals, Tokyo, Japan), or quinic acid (MilliporeSigma, St. Louis, USA) with methanol (200 μL) and 400 μL of phosphate buffer (500 mmol/L, pH 6.0, from Na2HPO4 and KH2PO4).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Foods

Article Title: Andean Tuber Ulluco ( Ullucus tuberosus ): Phenolic Profiling by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS

doi: 10.3390/foods15050956

Figure Lengend Snippet: Simultaneous separation of 13 phenolic compounds by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS in Scan Mode using a column Hypersil Gold TM C18 (1.9 µm, 50 mm × 2.1 mm i.d Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) ( a ) Total ion chromatogram (TIC): 1 . Gallic acid, 2 . 4-Hydroxy-benzoic, 3 . Chlorogenic acid, 4 . Caffeic acid, 5 . (-)-Epicatechin, 6 . p-Coumaric acid, 7 . Ferulic acid, 8 . Rutin, 9 . Quercetin-3-glucoside, 10 . Kaempferol-3-rutinoside, 11 . Isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside, 12 . Quercetin, 13 . Kaempferol; ( b – e ) chromatogram at 210 nm, 280 nm, 320 nm, and 360 nm, respectively.

Article Snippet: Chlorogenic acid (≥98.75%) and ferulic acid were purchased from MP Biomedicals (Eschwege, Germany).

Techniques: Tandem Mass Spectroscopy

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Effect of Cirsium japonicum Flower Extract on Skin Aging Induced by Glycation

doi: 10.3390/molecules27072093

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of apigenin and chlorogenic acid in CFE on glycation. ( a ) Analysis of standards composed of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. (1) Scopolin; (2) chlorogenic acid; (3) scopoletin; (4) myricetin; (5) quercetin; (6) luteolin; (7) apigenin; (8) kaempferol. ( b ) Analysis of CFE. ( c ) Fluorescence intensity of AGEs in GA-modified BSA for 5 days of incubation. These data were represented calculated as a percentage (%) of the fluorescence intensity of the sample compared to the control (BSA+/GA+). ( d ) The breaking activity on cross-links of collagen–AGEs. These data were represented calculated as a percentage (%) of the absorbance of the sample compared to the control (collagen+/AGE+). Statistical significances were represented as follows: **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 compared to control group.

Article Snippet: Then, CFE (1 to 100 μg/mL), apigenin (10 to 20 μM), chlorogenic acid (10 to 20 μM), or 1 mM ALT-711 (alagebrium chloride, BOC Sciences, Shirley, NY, USA) were used for treatment at 37 °C for 16 h. ALT-711, a novel AGEs crosslinkage breaker, was used as a positive control.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Modification, Incubation, Control, Activity Assay

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Natural Stabilizers and Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Entrapment for Photosensitive Compounds, Curcumin and Capsaicin

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030412

Figure Lengend Snippet: Wavelength of extract/compound used in HPLC.

Article Snippet: Standard chlorogenic acid (96.6%) was purchased from BOC Sciences natural products (Shirley, NY, USA).

Techniques: Marker

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Natural Stabilizers and Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Entrapment for Photosensitive Compounds, Curcumin and Capsaicin

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030412

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percentage of the chemical marker in the extracts and analytical grade substances.

Article Snippet: Standard chlorogenic acid (96.6%) was purchased from BOC Sciences natural products (Shirley, NY, USA).

Techniques: Marker

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Natural Stabilizers and Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Entrapment for Photosensitive Compounds, Curcumin and Capsaicin

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030412

Figure Lengend Snippet: Half-lives of capsaicin and curcumin with antioxidants following the photostability test.

Article Snippet: Standard chlorogenic acid (96.6%) was purchased from BOC Sciences natural products (Shirley, NY, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Natural Stabilizers and Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Entrapment for Photosensitive Compounds, Curcumin and Capsaicin

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030412

Figure Lengend Snippet: DSC thermograms of the chili extract (CH), the turmeric extract (TM), chlorogenic acid (CA), and the chili extract mixed with the turmeric extract and chlorogenic acid (CH + TM + CA).

Article Snippet: Standard chlorogenic acid (96.6%) was purchased from BOC Sciences natural products (Shirley, NY, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Antiviral Research

Article Title: Discovery of chebulagic acid and punicalagin as novel allosteric inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro

doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105075

Figure Lengend Snippet: The chemical structures of chebulagic acid (CHLA) and punicalagin (PUG).

Article Snippet: Compounds CHLA and PUG were purchased from MedChemExpress (MCE; Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Antiviral Research

Article Title: Discovery of chebulagic acid and punicalagin as novel allosteric inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro

doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105075

Figure Lengend Snippet: CHLA and PUG inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication . A. Plaque reduction assay of CHLA and PUG as well as remdesivir (3 μM) against authentic SARS-CoV-2 at indicated concentrations. B. Dose-dependent inhibition of CHLA and PUG on SARS-CoV-2 replication. Antiviral activity and cytotoxicity are shown in red and blue, respectively. The EC 50 and CC 50 are displayed in the upper left corner for each compound. The data represent mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the triplicate measurements. IC 50 values were determined by fitting the dose-response curves with four-parameter logistic regression in Prism GraphPad (version 8.1.2). All data was normalized to virus alone.

Article Snippet: Compounds CHLA and PUG were purchased from MedChemExpress (MCE; Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Standard Deviation, Virus

Journal: Antiviral Research

Article Title: Discovery of chebulagic acid and punicalagin as novel allosteric inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro

doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105075

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based 3CL pro enzymatic inhibition assay . The inhibitions of CHLA (A) and PUG (B) against 3CL pro were determined using a FRET-based cleavage assay. For each compound, the IC50 value is displayed in the upper left corner. The data represent mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the triplicate measurements.

Article Snippet: Compounds CHLA and PUG were purchased from MedChemExpress (MCE; Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Förster Resonance Energy Transfer, Inhibition, Cleavage Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Antiviral Research

Article Title: Discovery of chebulagic acid and punicalagin as novel allosteric inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro

doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105075

Figure Lengend Snippet: Graphical determination of the type of enzymatic inhibition . A. Relationship of the enzymatic activity of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro as function of enzyme concentrations at different concentration of CHLA or PUG. B. Lineweaver-Burk plot for inhibition of CHLA or PUG on SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro.

Article Snippet: Compounds CHLA and PUG were purchased from MedChemExpress (MCE; Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal: Antiviral Research

Article Title: Discovery of chebulagic acid and punicalagin as novel allosteric inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro

doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105075

Figure Lengend Snippet: Predicted binding modes of CHLA (A) and PUG (B) to 3CL pro (PDB ID: 6m2n ) . The red circle indicates the catalytic site. The SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro is present in wheat cartoon, while CHLA and PUG are shown as sticks. The bonds are represented as the dashed lines, with the bond length measured between heavy atoms.

Article Snippet: Compounds CHLA and PUG were purchased from MedChemExpress (MCE; Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Binding Assay