Journal: BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Article Title: Therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline on invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunosuppressed mice

doi: 10.1186/s12890-021-01396-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of PTX on CHIT1 activity and CHI3L1 in the BALF from mice with IPA. BALF samples were collected on day 3 post-infection. a Inhibition of CHIT1 activity in BALF samples from mice with IPA after PTX treatment. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, compared with the activity level in the control group. * p < 0.05, HC-IPA group vs. HC-IPA + PTX group. b Effect of PTX on CHI3L1 levels in the BALF from mice with IPA. * p < 0.05, compared with the corresponding levels in the control group. * p < 0.05, HC-IPA group vs. HC-IPA + PTX group (n = 4 in each group)

Article Snippet: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) (CUSABIO BIOTECH Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China) in the BALF.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Infection, Inhibition

Journal: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

Article Title: Helicobacter Pylori Induces GATA3-Dependent Chitinase 3 Like 1 (CHI3L1) Upregulation and Contributes to Vascular Endothelial Injuries

doi: 10.12659/MSM.916311

Figure Lengend Snippet: The expression of GATA3 and CHI3L1 were upregulated in HUVECs co-cultured with Helicobacter pylori . ( A ) qRT-PCR was used to show the expression of GATA3 and CHI3LI mRNA in HUVECs after being cultured with medium added with CagA − H. pylori or CagA + H. pylori or PBS for 48 hours. ( B, C ) Western blot was used to show the elevated expression of GATA3 and CHI3L1 protein of the aforementioned cells, Calnexin levels were used as a loading control. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.0001 **** P <0.0001 versus NC group. # P <0.05, ## P <0.01 versus CagA − group. HUVECs – human umbilical endothelial cells; CagA – cytotoxin-related protein; qRT-PCR – quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; PBS – phosphate-buffered saline.

Article Snippet: It was then incubated using the primary antibodies of anti-GATA3 rabbit polyclonal antibody (1: 1000, Cusabio, China), the anti-CHI3L1 rabbit polyclonal antibody (1: 600, Cusabio, China), the anti-p38 rabbit polyclonal MAPK antibody (1: 1000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), the anti-p38 rabbit polyclonal phospho-p38 MAPK antibody (1: 1000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), the anti-calnexin rabbit polyclonal antibody (1: 1000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA) and the anti-β-actin rabbit polyclonal antibody (1: 1000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA) at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.

Techniques: Expressing, Cell Culture, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Control, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Saline

Journal: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

Article Title: Helicobacter Pylori Induces GATA3-Dependent Chitinase 3 Like 1 (CHI3L1) Upregulation and Contributes to Vascular Endothelial Injuries

doi: 10.12659/MSM.916311

Figure Lengend Snippet: The expression of GATA3 and CHI3L1 were elevated in the Helicobacter pylori infected mice model. ( A, B ) Immunohistochemical staining was used to demonstrate the upregulation of GATA3 and CHI3L1 in mice thoracic aorta after being gavaged with CagA + H. pylori or CagA − H. pylori . ( C, D ) Western blot used to show the expression of GATA3 and CHI3L1 protein of the aforementioned mice thoracic aorta, β-asctin levels were used as a loading control. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.0001 **** P <0.0001 versus NC group. # P <0.05 versus CagA − group. CagA – cytotoxin-related protein.

Article Snippet: It was then incubated using the primary antibodies of anti-GATA3 rabbit polyclonal antibody (1: 1000, Cusabio, China), the anti-CHI3L1 rabbit polyclonal antibody (1: 600, Cusabio, China), the anti-p38 rabbit polyclonal MAPK antibody (1: 1000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), the anti-p38 rabbit polyclonal phospho-p38 MAPK antibody (1: 1000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), the anti-calnexin rabbit polyclonal antibody (1: 1000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA) and the anti-β-actin rabbit polyclonal antibody (1: 1000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA) at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.

Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

Article Title: Helicobacter Pylori Induces GATA3-Dependent Chitinase 3 Like 1 (CHI3L1) Upregulation and Contributes to Vascular Endothelial Injuries

doi: 10.12659/MSM.916311

Figure Lengend Snippet: Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of GATA3 lowered Helicobacter pylori -induced expression of CHI3L1 and p38 phosphorylation ( A ) Western blot shows the expression of GATA3 and CHI3L1 protein in HUVECs after transfected with siRNA-control or siRNA-GATA3 for 24 hours and cultured with medium added with CagA − H. pylori or CagA + H. pylori or PBS for 48 hours. Calnexin levels were used as a loading control. ( B ) The expression of GATA3 was significant reduced by siRNA-GATA3 transfected. ( C ) The elevated expression of CHI3L1 caused by H. pylori was relatively decreased as GATA3 was knocked down. ( D ) The H. pylori -induced activation of p38 MAPK was attenuated in GATA3 knocked-down cells. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.0001 versus si-control group. HUVECs – human umbilical endothelial cells; CagA – cytotoxin-related protein; PBS – phosphate-buffered saline MAPK – mitogen-activated protein kinase.

Article Snippet: It was then incubated using the primary antibodies of anti-GATA3 rabbit polyclonal antibody (1: 1000, Cusabio, China), the anti-CHI3L1 rabbit polyclonal antibody (1: 600, Cusabio, China), the anti-p38 rabbit polyclonal MAPK antibody (1: 1000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), the anti-p38 rabbit polyclonal phospho-p38 MAPK antibody (1: 1000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), the anti-calnexin rabbit polyclonal antibody (1: 1000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA) and the anti-β-actin rabbit polyclonal antibody (1: 1000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA) at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.

Techniques: Small Interfering RNA, Knockdown, Expressing, Phospho-proteomics, Western Blot, Transfection, Control, Cell Culture, Activation Assay, Saline

Journal: Immune network

Article Title: Inhibition of Chitinase-3-like-1 by K284-6111 Reduces Atopic Skin Inflammation via Repressing Lactoferrin.

doi: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e22

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. K284 reduces LTF expression. (A) Protein-association network analysis of Chi3L1 (Human). (B) The changes of CHI3L1-related proteins in the patients of AD obtained from ArrayExpress. (C) HaCaT cells were transfected with CHI3L1 plasmid vector or siRNA (20 nM) for 24 h. The levels of CHI3L1 and LTF were measured by Western blot analysis. (D) The protein expression levels of CHI3L1 and LTF in PA-treated skin tissues were measured by Western blot. (E) Expression of LTF in in PA-treated skin tissues analyzed by IHC. Scale bar=50 μm. (F) HaCaT cells were transfected with CHI3L1 of LTF siRNA for 24 h. Cell were pre-treated with K284 for 2 h. Then, cells were treated with TNF-α and IFN-γ (20 ng/ml) 4 h. The levels of CHI3L1 and LTF were determined by Western blot analysis. (G) HaCaT cells were transfected with LTF siRNA (20 nM). After 24 h, cells were treated with TNF-α and IFN-γ combination for 4 h. The mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL- 6, TSLP and CCL22 was determined by qPCR (n=3). #Control vs. TNF-α+IFN-γ and *TNF-α+IFN-γ vs. TNF-α+IFN-γ with LTF siRNA. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001.

Article Snippet: CHI3L1 siRNA and LTF siRNA were purchased from Origene (Rockville, MA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Immune network

Article Title: Inhibition of Chitinase-3-like-1 by K284-6111 Reduces Atopic Skin Inflammation via Repressing Lactoferrin.

doi: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e22

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 7. Graphic illustration of the inhibition of atopic kin inflammation by CHI3L1 via repressing lactoferrin

Article Snippet: CHI3L1 siRNA and LTF siRNA were purchased from Origene (Rockville, MA, USA).

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Brain : a journal of neurology

Article Title: Chitinase 3-like 1: prognostic biomarker in clinically isolated syndromes.

doi: 10.1093/brain/awv017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1 Comparison of CSF CHI3L1 levels among groups. Boxplots showing CSF levels of CHI3L1 in the whole CIS group and inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological controls (A), and in CIS patients who converted to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) and patients who continued as CIS (B). CSF CHI3L1 levels were age-adjusted and then compared among groups by a Mann-Whitney U-test. Parentheses indicate number of individuals included within each group. CIS = whole CIS cohort; C = CIS patients who converted to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (clinically definite multiple sclerosis); NINDC = non-inflammatory neurological disease controls; INDC = inflammatory neurological disease controls; NC = CIS patients who did not convert to clinically definite multiple sclerosis during follow-up.

Article Snippet: The specificity of anti-CHI3L1 antibody staining was assessed by means of blocking experiments incubating 1 mg of anti-CHI3L1 antibody with 2mg of human recombinant CHI3L1 protein (TP303769 Origene) for 30 min at 4 C before cell labelling, and resulted in a clear inhibition of CHI3L1 staining (Supplementary Fig. 2).

Techniques: Comparison, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Brain : a journal of neurology

Article Title: Chitinase 3-like 1: prognostic biomarker in clinically isolated syndromes.

doi: 10.1093/brain/awv017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2 Analysis of the prognostic role of CSF CHI3L1 levels in CIS patients. Results of univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses investigating the association between CSF CHI3L1 levels and time to conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS) and time to reach EDSS 3.0. For conversion to multiple sclerosis based on Poser criteria and time to EDSS 3.0, multivariable Cox regression model was adjusted by the number of Barkhof criteria at baseline MRI, presence of oligoclonal bands, treatment, and age at CIS onset. For conversion to multiple sclerosis based on McDonald criteria, considering that the number of Barkhof criteria is included in the McDonald criteria for conversion to multiple sclerosis, multivariable analysis was adjusted by the presence of oligoclonal bands, treatment, and age at CIS onset but not by baseline Barkhof criteria. CHI3L1 levels: CSF CHI3L1 levels stratified according to a cut-off value of 170 ng/ml. Barkhof criteria: number of Barkhof criteria recoded into two categories: 0, 1, 2 Barkhof criteria and 3, 4 Barkhof criteria. OB = presence or absence of IgG oligoclonal bands; Age = age at CIS onset. Treatment refers to whether patients received treatment between the CIS event and the date of conversion to multiple sclerosis for converters, and during follow-up time for non-converters.

Article Snippet: The specificity of anti-CHI3L1 antibody staining was assessed by means of blocking experiments incubating 1 mg of anti-CHI3L1 antibody with 2mg of human recombinant CHI3L1 protein (TP303769 Origene) for 30 min at 4 C before cell labelling, and resulted in a clear inhibition of CHI3L1 staining (Supplementary Fig. 2).

Techniques:

Journal: Brain : a journal of neurology

Article Title: Chitinase 3-like 1: prognostic biomarker in clinically isolated syndromes.

doi: 10.1093/brain/awv017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4 Association between CSF CHI3L1 levels and MRI abnormalities and CSF characteristics. (A) Boxplots showing age- adjusted CSF CHI3L1 levels in CIS patients stratified according to the presence of gadolinium (Gd) enhancing lesions (left) and number of T2 lesions (right) at baseline. The number of Gd enhancing lesions was recoded into two categories: 0 lesions / 1 or more lesions. The number of T2 lesions was recoded into three different categories: 0 lesions / 1–8 lesions / 9 or more lesions. Numbers in parentheses indicate individuals available for analysis. Analysis was performed with a Mann-Whitney’s U-test. (B) Relationship between the albumin CSF/serum ratio (Q alb) and CHI3L1 protein levels in CSF. Albumin CSF/serum ratio was analysed in a subgroup of 59 CIS patients (40 patients from the University of Basel, Switzerland; and 19 patients from the University of Ulm, Germany). r = partial correlation coefficient.

Article Snippet: The specificity of anti-CHI3L1 antibody staining was assessed by means of blocking experiments incubating 1 mg of anti-CHI3L1 antibody with 2mg of human recombinant CHI3L1 protein (TP303769 Origene) for 30 min at 4 C before cell labelling, and resulted in a clear inhibition of CHI3L1 staining (Supplementary Fig. 2).

Techniques:

Journal: Brain : a journal of neurology

Article Title: Chitinase 3-like 1: prognostic biomarker in clinically isolated syndromes.

doi: 10.1093/brain/awv017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3 Kaplan-Meier curves for time to multiple sclerosis and time to EDSS 3.0 according to baseline CSF CHI3L1 levels classified into high and low based on a cut-off value of 170 ng/ml. Graphs show log-rank P-values. Numbers represent patients at risk for the different follow-up times. Tables indicate median times (95% CI) to multiple sclerosis and EDSS 3.0 in CIS patients with high and low CHI3L1 levels.

Article Snippet: The specificity of anti-CHI3L1 antibody staining was assessed by means of blocking experiments incubating 1 mg of anti-CHI3L1 antibody with 2mg of human recombinant CHI3L1 protein (TP303769 Origene) for 30 min at 4 C before cell labelling, and resulted in a clear inhibition of CHI3L1 staining (Supplementary Fig. 2).

Techniques:

Journal: Brain : a journal of neurology

Article Title: Chitinase 3-like 1: prognostic biomarker in clinically isolated syndromes.

doi: 10.1093/brain/awv017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5 CHI3L1 expression in brain tissue and CSF cells. (A) CHI3L1 expression in chronic active lesions from multiple sclerosis patients and controls. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE; A–C) and Klu¨ver-Barrera (KB; D–F), and subsequently classified into lesions with high inflammatory activity (A and D) and low inflammatory activity (B and E). Arrowheads indicate inflammatory infiltration observed at the edge of the lesions and arrows show perivascular inflammatory infiltration. Control samples did not show inflammatory cells or demyelination (C and F). CHI3L1 expression was observed at the edge of multiple sclerosis lesions (arrowheads) and in the demyelinated area (arrows) (G and H) but not in control samples (I). CHI3L1 expression was present in the cytoplasm of astrocytes (GFAP + ) only in high inflammatory activity lesions (J–L), while it was observed within macrophages/microglial cells (CD68 + cells) in both types of lesions (M–O). T lymphocytes (CD3 + ) did not show CHI3L1 expression (P–R). (B) CHI3L1 expression in CSF cells from multiple sclerosis patients (n = 5) and non-inflammatory controls (n = 5; optic neuropathy, head trauma, arachnoid cyst, and two controls with neuropathies). Top: Representative dot plots showing gating strategy. An initial region (P1) was set on the forward/side scatter dot plot to include mononuclear cells and exclude debris or apoptotic cells. A second region was set around cells expressing intermediate to high CD14 with intermediate side scatter (monocytes, P2), and a third one around cells negative for CD14 with low side scatter (lymphocytes, P3). Middle and bottom: Representative dot plots showing intracellular CHI3L1 expression in monocytes (CD14 + cells) and T cells (CD3 + cells) respectively from a multiple sclerosis patient (left) and a control (right). (C, left) Bar graph showing the percentage of monocytes (CD14 + cells) and T cells (CD3 + cells) expressing CHI3L1 in multiple sclerosis patients (MS, n = 5) and non-INDC (NINDC, n = 5). Right: Bar graph showing CHI3L1 expression in monocytes classified according to CD14 expression: CD14 high (CD14high) and CD14 low (CD14low). A Mann-Whitney U-test was used to evaluate significant differences in CHI3L1 expression by CD3 + T cells and CD14 + monocytes between multiple sclerosis patients and controls.

Article Snippet: The specificity of anti-CHI3L1 antibody staining was assessed by means of blocking experiments incubating 1 mg of anti-CHI3L1 antibody with 2mg of human recombinant CHI3L1 protein (TP303769 Origene) for 30 min at 4 C before cell labelling, and resulted in a clear inhibition of CHI3L1 staining (Supplementary Fig. 2).

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Activity Assay, Control, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CHI3L1 in the CSF is a potential biomarker for anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 encephalitis

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1071219

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical data and laboratory findings of anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients (n=35)and controls (n=22).

Article Snippet: Commercially available sandwich ELISA kits were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions to quantify CHI3L1 in the CSF and serum. (Elabscience Biotechnology Co. Ltd).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CHI3L1 in the CSF is a potential biomarker for anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 encephalitis

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1071219

Figure Lengend Snippet: Levels of CHI3L1 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. CSF (A) and serum (B) CHI3L1 levels in patients with anti LGI1 encephalitis and controls; (C) , (D) Receiver operating characteristic curves for CSF and serum CHI3L1 to discriminate anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients from control patients.

Article Snippet: Commercially available sandwich ELISA kits were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions to quantify CHI3L1 in the CSF and serum. (Elabscience Biotechnology Co. Ltd).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CHI3L1 in the CSF is a potential biomarker for anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 encephalitis

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1071219

Figure Lengend Snippet: CHI3L1 level difference in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of LGI1 patients with different clinical presentations. Cerebrospinal fluid (A) and serum (B) CHI3L1 levels in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients with and without cognitive impairment; mRS scores at admission (C) and at 6-month follow-up (D) of anti-LGI1 antibody encephalitis presenting with cognitive impairment and those without cognitive impairment symptomes; Cerebrospinal fluid (E) and serum (F) CHI3L1 levels in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients presenting with only FBDS and other symptoms; CI: Patients presenting with cognitive impairments, Non-CI: Patients presenting without cognitive impairments.

Article Snippet: Commercially available sandwich ELISA kits were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions to quantify CHI3L1 in the CSF and serum. (Elabscience Biotechnology Co. Ltd).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CHI3L1 in the CSF is a potential biomarker for anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 encephalitis

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1071219

Figure Lengend Snippet: Levels of CHI3L1in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum association with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at admissiom and 6 months follow-up. (A, B) Correlation between CSF CHI3L1 levels andmRS at admissiom and 6 months follow-up in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients. (C, D) Correlation between serum CHI3L1 levels andmRS at admissiom and 6 months follow-up in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients.

Article Snippet: Commercially available sandwich ELISA kits were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions to quantify CHI3L1 in the CSF and serum. (Elabscience Biotechnology Co. Ltd).

Techniques: Modification