Journal: Brain : a journal of neurology

Article Title: Chitinase 3-like 1: prognostic biomarker in clinically isolated syndromes.

doi: 10.1093/brain/awv017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1 Comparison of CSF CHI3L1 levels among groups. Boxplots showing CSF levels of CHI3L1 in the whole CIS group and inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological controls (A), and in CIS patients who converted to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) and patients who continued as CIS (B). CSF CHI3L1 levels were age-adjusted and then compared among groups by a Mann-Whitney U-test. Parentheses indicate number of individuals included within each group. CIS = whole CIS cohort; C = CIS patients who converted to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (clinically definite multiple sclerosis); NINDC = non-inflammatory neurological disease controls; INDC = inflammatory neurological disease controls; NC = CIS patients who did not convert to clinically definite multiple sclerosis during follow-up.

Article Snippet: The specificity of anti-CHI3L1 antibody staining was assessed by means of blocking experiments incubating 1 mg of anti-CHI3L1 antibody with 2mg of human recombinant CHI3L1 protein (TP303769 Origene) for 30 min at 4 C before cell labelling, and resulted in a clear inhibition of CHI3L1 staining (Supplementary Fig. 2).

Techniques: Comparison, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Brain : a journal of neurology

Article Title: Chitinase 3-like 1: prognostic biomarker in clinically isolated syndromes.

doi: 10.1093/brain/awv017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2 Analysis of the prognostic role of CSF CHI3L1 levels in CIS patients. Results of univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses investigating the association between CSF CHI3L1 levels and time to conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS) and time to reach EDSS 3.0. For conversion to multiple sclerosis based on Poser criteria and time to EDSS 3.0, multivariable Cox regression model was adjusted by the number of Barkhof criteria at baseline MRI, presence of oligoclonal bands, treatment, and age at CIS onset. For conversion to multiple sclerosis based on McDonald criteria, considering that the number of Barkhof criteria is included in the McDonald criteria for conversion to multiple sclerosis, multivariable analysis was adjusted by the presence of oligoclonal bands, treatment, and age at CIS onset but not by baseline Barkhof criteria. CHI3L1 levels: CSF CHI3L1 levels stratified according to a cut-off value of 170 ng/ml. Barkhof criteria: number of Barkhof criteria recoded into two categories: 0, 1, 2 Barkhof criteria and 3, 4 Barkhof criteria. OB = presence or absence of IgG oligoclonal bands; Age = age at CIS onset. Treatment refers to whether patients received treatment between the CIS event and the date of conversion to multiple sclerosis for converters, and during follow-up time for non-converters.

Article Snippet: The specificity of anti-CHI3L1 antibody staining was assessed by means of blocking experiments incubating 1 mg of anti-CHI3L1 antibody with 2mg of human recombinant CHI3L1 protein (TP303769 Origene) for 30 min at 4 C before cell labelling, and resulted in a clear inhibition of CHI3L1 staining (Supplementary Fig. 2).

Techniques:

Journal: Brain : a journal of neurology

Article Title: Chitinase 3-like 1: prognostic biomarker in clinically isolated syndromes.

doi: 10.1093/brain/awv017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4 Association between CSF CHI3L1 levels and MRI abnormalities and CSF characteristics. (A) Boxplots showing age- adjusted CSF CHI3L1 levels in CIS patients stratified according to the presence of gadolinium (Gd) enhancing lesions (left) and number of T2 lesions (right) at baseline. The number of Gd enhancing lesions was recoded into two categories: 0 lesions / 1 or more lesions. The number of T2 lesions was recoded into three different categories: 0 lesions / 1–8 lesions / 9 or more lesions. Numbers in parentheses indicate individuals available for analysis. Analysis was performed with a Mann-Whitney’s U-test. (B) Relationship between the albumin CSF/serum ratio (Q alb) and CHI3L1 protein levels in CSF. Albumin CSF/serum ratio was analysed in a subgroup of 59 CIS patients (40 patients from the University of Basel, Switzerland; and 19 patients from the University of Ulm, Germany). r = partial correlation coefficient.

Article Snippet: The specificity of anti-CHI3L1 antibody staining was assessed by means of blocking experiments incubating 1 mg of anti-CHI3L1 antibody with 2mg of human recombinant CHI3L1 protein (TP303769 Origene) for 30 min at 4 C before cell labelling, and resulted in a clear inhibition of CHI3L1 staining (Supplementary Fig. 2).

Techniques:

Journal: Brain : a journal of neurology

Article Title: Chitinase 3-like 1: prognostic biomarker in clinically isolated syndromes.

doi: 10.1093/brain/awv017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3 Kaplan-Meier curves for time to multiple sclerosis and time to EDSS 3.0 according to baseline CSF CHI3L1 levels classified into high and low based on a cut-off value of 170 ng/ml. Graphs show log-rank P-values. Numbers represent patients at risk for the different follow-up times. Tables indicate median times (95% CI) to multiple sclerosis and EDSS 3.0 in CIS patients with high and low CHI3L1 levels.

Article Snippet: The specificity of anti-CHI3L1 antibody staining was assessed by means of blocking experiments incubating 1 mg of anti-CHI3L1 antibody with 2mg of human recombinant CHI3L1 protein (TP303769 Origene) for 30 min at 4 C before cell labelling, and resulted in a clear inhibition of CHI3L1 staining (Supplementary Fig. 2).

Techniques:

Journal: Brain : a journal of neurology

Article Title: Chitinase 3-like 1: prognostic biomarker in clinically isolated syndromes.

doi: 10.1093/brain/awv017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5 CHI3L1 expression in brain tissue and CSF cells. (A) CHI3L1 expression in chronic active lesions from multiple sclerosis patients and controls. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE; A–C) and Klu¨ver-Barrera (KB; D–F), and subsequently classified into lesions with high inflammatory activity (A and D) and low inflammatory activity (B and E). Arrowheads indicate inflammatory infiltration observed at the edge of the lesions and arrows show perivascular inflammatory infiltration. Control samples did not show inflammatory cells or demyelination (C and F). CHI3L1 expression was observed at the edge of multiple sclerosis lesions (arrowheads) and in the demyelinated area (arrows) (G and H) but not in control samples (I). CHI3L1 expression was present in the cytoplasm of astrocytes (GFAP + ) only in high inflammatory activity lesions (J–L), while it was observed within macrophages/microglial cells (CD68 + cells) in both types of lesions (M–O). T lymphocytes (CD3 + ) did not show CHI3L1 expression (P–R). (B) CHI3L1 expression in CSF cells from multiple sclerosis patients (n = 5) and non-inflammatory controls (n = 5; optic neuropathy, head trauma, arachnoid cyst, and two controls with neuropathies). Top: Representative dot plots showing gating strategy. An initial region (P1) was set on the forward/side scatter dot plot to include mononuclear cells and exclude debris or apoptotic cells. A second region was set around cells expressing intermediate to high CD14 with intermediate side scatter (monocytes, P2), and a third one around cells negative for CD14 with low side scatter (lymphocytes, P3). Middle and bottom: Representative dot plots showing intracellular CHI3L1 expression in monocytes (CD14 + cells) and T cells (CD3 + cells) respectively from a multiple sclerosis patient (left) and a control (right). (C, left) Bar graph showing the percentage of monocytes (CD14 + cells) and T cells (CD3 + cells) expressing CHI3L1 in multiple sclerosis patients (MS, n = 5) and non-INDC (NINDC, n = 5). Right: Bar graph showing CHI3L1 expression in monocytes classified according to CD14 expression: CD14 high (CD14high) and CD14 low (CD14low). A Mann-Whitney U-test was used to evaluate significant differences in CHI3L1 expression by CD3 + T cells and CD14 + monocytes between multiple sclerosis patients and controls.

Article Snippet: The specificity of anti-CHI3L1 antibody staining was assessed by means of blocking experiments incubating 1 mg of anti-CHI3L1 antibody with 2mg of human recombinant CHI3L1 protein (TP303769 Origene) for 30 min at 4 C before cell labelling, and resulted in a clear inhibition of CHI3L1 staining (Supplementary Fig. 2).

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Activity Assay, Control, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CHI3L1 in the CSF is a potential biomarker for anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 encephalitis

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1071219

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical data and laboratory findings of anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients (n=35)and controls (n=22).

Article Snippet: Commercially available sandwich ELISA kits were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions to quantify CHI3L1 in the CSF and serum. (Elabscience Biotechnology Co. Ltd).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CHI3L1 in the CSF is a potential biomarker for anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 encephalitis

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1071219

Figure Lengend Snippet: Levels of CHI3L1 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. CSF (A) and serum (B) CHI3L1 levels in patients with anti LGI1 encephalitis and controls; (C) , (D) Receiver operating characteristic curves for CSF and serum CHI3L1 to discriminate anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients from control patients.

Article Snippet: Commercially available sandwich ELISA kits were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions to quantify CHI3L1 in the CSF and serum. (Elabscience Biotechnology Co. Ltd).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CHI3L1 in the CSF is a potential biomarker for anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 encephalitis

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1071219

Figure Lengend Snippet: CHI3L1 level difference in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of LGI1 patients with different clinical presentations. Cerebrospinal fluid (A) and serum (B) CHI3L1 levels in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients with and without cognitive impairment; mRS scores at admission (C) and at 6-month follow-up (D) of anti-LGI1 antibody encephalitis presenting with cognitive impairment and those without cognitive impairment symptomes; Cerebrospinal fluid (E) and serum (F) CHI3L1 levels in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients presenting with only FBDS and other symptoms; CI: Patients presenting with cognitive impairments, Non-CI: Patients presenting without cognitive impairments.

Article Snippet: Commercially available sandwich ELISA kits were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions to quantify CHI3L1 in the CSF and serum. (Elabscience Biotechnology Co. Ltd).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CHI3L1 in the CSF is a potential biomarker for anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 encephalitis

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1071219

Figure Lengend Snippet: Levels of CHI3L1in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum association with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at admissiom and 6 months follow-up. (A, B) Correlation between CSF CHI3L1 levels andmRS at admissiom and 6 months follow-up in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients. (C, D) Correlation between serum CHI3L1 levels andmRS at admissiom and 6 months follow-up in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients.

Article Snippet: Commercially available sandwich ELISA kits were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions to quantify CHI3L1 in the CSF and serum. (Elabscience Biotechnology Co. Ltd).

Techniques: Modification

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Molecular profiling of clinical remission in psoriatic arthritis reveals dysregulation of FOS and CCDC50 genes: a gene expression study

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274539

Figure Lengend Snippet: All validated DEGs listed for their gene symbol, full name, synonyms, cytoband, and functions annotated by RefSeq and UniProt sources.

Article Snippet: Gene expression was measured using the following TaqMan Gene Expression Assay primers (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA): FCAR (Hs02572026_s1), CEACAM8 (Hs00266198_m1), FOS (Hs04194186_s1), BPI (Hs01552756_m1), DEFA1B (Hs07287122_m1), ANPEP (Hs00174265_m1), ALPL (Hs01029144_m1), CHI3L1 (Hs01072228_m1), PADI2 (Hs01042505_m1), KLRB1 (Hs00174469_m1), CCD50 (Hs01047000_m1), and TNSF14 (Hs00542476_g1).

Techniques: Ubiquitin Proteomics, Activation Assay, Membrane, Immunopeptidomics, Permeability, Bacteria, Transduction, Infection

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Molecular profiling of clinical remission in psoriatic arthritis reveals dysregulation of FOS and CCDC50 genes: a gene expression study

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274539

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gene expression quantification of DEGs on PsA remission state.

Article Snippet: Gene expression was measured using the following TaqMan Gene Expression Assay primers (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA): FCAR (Hs02572026_s1), CEACAM8 (Hs00266198_m1), FOS (Hs04194186_s1), BPI (Hs01552756_m1), DEFA1B (Hs07287122_m1), ANPEP (Hs00174265_m1), ALPL (Hs01029144_m1), CHI3L1 (Hs01072228_m1), PADI2 (Hs01042505_m1), KLRB1 (Hs00174469_m1), CCD50 (Hs01047000_m1), and TNSF14 (Hs00542476_g1).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Microarray, Quantitative RT-PCR