Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology

Article Title: Endocannabinoids modulate human blood–brain barrier permeability in vitro

doi: 10.1111/bph.13106

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of increasing concentrations of AEA on BBB permeability measured by TEER (A) with corresponding AUC (B) ( n = 9 inserts from three separate experiments). The effects of capsazepine (Cpz) (C) ( n = 7 inserts from three separate experiments) or AM630 (D) ( n = 7–8 inserts from three separate experiments) or CGRP (E) ( n = 5–6 inserts from three separate experiments) on the effect of AEA (10 μM). The effects of dexamethasone ( n = 6) and the CB 2 agonist HU308 on BBB permeability over time (F) and expressed as AUC (G). Data are given as mean ± SEM. * * * P < 0.001, * * P < 0.01, * P < 0.05; AEA compared with vehicle-treated inserts; †† P < 0.01; AEA and antagonist compared with AEA alone; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01; HU308 compared with vehicle; one-way anova with Dunnett's (B) or Bonferroni's test (C,D,E).

Article Snippet: AM251, AM630, GW6471, GW9662 (all 100 nM), capsazepine, O-1918 (both 1 μM) (all dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide) and CGRP 8–37 (2 μM, dissolved in distilled water) were all purchased from Tocris and URB597 (1 μM, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide) was purchased from Sigma (Dorset, UK).

Techniques: Permeability

Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology

Article Title: Endocannabinoids modulate human blood–brain barrier permeability in vitro

doi: 10.1111/bph.13106

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression profiling of potential target sites of action in HA and HBMEC cells. Shown are the ethidium bromide-stained gels of the products obtained by RT-PCR using primers specific for PPARα, PPARγ, CB 1 receptors, CB 2 receptors, TRPV1 channels, CGRP receptors and the control gene HPRT. cDNAs generated in the presence (+) or absence (−) of reverse transcriptase on total RNA from HA or HBMEC cells were used as template for the PCRs. The 100 bp DNA ladder was used in all gels except for PPARα and PPARγ where a 10 bp ladder was used. Sizes are in base pairs.

Article Snippet: AM251, AM630, GW6471, GW9662 (all 100 nM), capsazepine, O-1918 (both 1 μM) (all dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide) and CGRP 8–37 (2 μM, dissolved in distilled water) were all purchased from Tocris and URB597 (1 μM, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide) was purchased from Sigma (Dorset, UK).

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control, Generated, Reverse Transcription

Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology

Article Title: Endocannabinoids modulate human blood–brain barrier permeability in vitro

doi: 10.1111/bph.13106

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: AM251, AM630, GW6471, GW9662 (all 100 nM), capsazepine, O-1918 (both 1 μM) (all dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide) and CGRP 8–37 (2 μM, dissolved in distilled water) were all purchased from Tocris and URB597 (1 μM, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide) was purchased from Sigma (Dorset, UK).

Techniques:

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Therapeutic interleukin-2 rewires skeletal-immune circuits to reverse postmenopausal bone loss

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.07.696511

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematics of the experiment. Rag1 -/- female mice received daily subcutaneous injections of low-dose IL-2 (30,000 I.U.) or PBS for 4 weeks, 4 weeks after ovariectomy or sham operation. (B) Representative 3D μCT images of the distal femurs. (C) Quantification of μCT images by BV/TV (bone volume per tissue volume), Tb.N (trabecular number), Tb.Sp (trabecular separation), and Tb.Th (trabecular thickness), n=7-10 per group, bar indicates mean, one-way ANOVA, ∗P<0.05, ∗∗P<0.01. (D) Representative histological images of bone sections stained with H&E (top), TRAP (middle), and anti-TRAP immunohistochemistry (bottom) to evaluate the abundance of osteoclasts on bone surface. (E) UMAP visualization of bone marrow innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets from scRNA-seq data (Left) with key genes identifying ILC2s and ILC1s/ILC3s subclusters (Right). (F) Split UMAP visualization showing the distribution of bone marrow ILCs in each treatment group. (G) Pie charts showing the ratio of ILC2s to ILC1s/ILC3s. (H-I) Representative flow cytometry plots (H) and the quantification of BM-ILC2s (Lin - CD45 + CD127 + ST2 + Sca-1 + ) in WT and Rag1 -/- mice (I) . (J) Volcano plot of bulk RNA-seq data from purified ILC2s showing differential expression between control and IL-2 treated groups. (K) GO Pathway enrichment analysis of ILC2s comparing OVX vs. OVX + IL-2 groups from scRNA-seq data. (L-M) FACS sorted bone marrow CD3 - B220 - NK1.1 - CD11b + cells and ILC2s (Lin - CD45 + CD127 + Sca-1 + ST2 + ) from WT, Il10 -/- , Calca -/- and Il10 -/- Calca -/- (DKO) were cocultured at indicated ratios, in the presence of 20 ng/ml M-CSF and 50 ng/ml RANKL. Osteoclast formation was evaluated by TRAP staining. Representative images (L) and quantification (M) of TRAP + multinucleated (nuclei > 3) cells. Representative of at least 3 independent experiments. Bar indicates mean, one-way ANOVA, ∗∗P<0.01, ∗∗∗P<0.001, ∗∗∗∗P<0.0001. (N) Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood ILC2s in healthy donors (n=27) compared to patients with osteoporosis (n=17). T-test, ∗P<0.05. (O) Pearson correlation analysis between ILC2s and clinical samples with available BMD T-score, n=24, black indicates healthy donor, red indicates osteoporosis patients.

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IL-10 and CGRP in cultured ILC2 supernatants were measured using mouse IL-10 ELISA Kit (Biolegend) and CGRP ELISA kit (Boster), according to the manufacturer’s instruction.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemistry, Flow Cytometry, RNA Sequencing, Purification, Quantitative Proteomics, Control