Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Article Title: Inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 impairs HIV-1 envelope formation and substantially delays or eliminates viral rebound.

doi: 10.1073/pnas.2219543120

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Inhibition of nSMase2 increases sphingomyelin and reduces the ceramide content of HIV-1 virions without modifying the content of cholesterol esters or phospholipids enriched in HIV-1 virions. (A) Quantitative analysis of the indicated lipid classes detected in HIV-1 virions collected from HIVRF-infected H9 cells treated with PDDC (3 µM) or the inactive structural analog Cmpd-5 (10 µM). Treatment of HIVRF-infected H9 cells with PDDC increased the content of sphingomyelins (SM) and reduced the content of ceramides and hexosylceramides in HIV-1 virions compared with EVs. Cmpd5 had no effect on the lipid content of HIV-1 virions. (B) Heat maps showing the amounts of individual lipid types in HIV-1 virions (HIV+), compared with particles collected from PDDC- and Cmpd5-treated cells relative to the lipid content of EVs isolated from uninfected cells (HIV−). Data are mean ± SD of n = 3 independent experiments/condition. *= P < 0.05 and **= P < 0.01 compared to EVs isolated from HIV- cells. # = P < 0.05 and ## = P < 0.01 compared to HIV+ cells. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc comparisons.

Article Snippet: 10 of 12 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2219543120 pnas.org μM), serine palmitoyl transferase inhibitor myriocin (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 μM, Sigma), ceramide synthase inhibitor fumonisin B1 (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 μM, Tocris, Minneapolis, MN), zVAD- FMK (50 μM, Tocris), or vehicle.

Techniques: Inhibition, Infection, Isolation

Journal: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR

Article Title: Targeting sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) by ABC294640 inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo

doi: 10.1186/s13046-015-0205-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of ABC294640 on SphK activity, S1P or ceramide content in CRC cells. The relative SphK activity ( a and b ), S1P content ( c ) or ceramide level ( d ) (vs. Control group) with indicated ABC294640 treatment were presented. The effect of S1P (5 μM), C6 ceramide (C6, 5 μM) or SKI-II (5 μM) on ABC294640 (1 μM)-induced HT-29 cell growth inhibition and cell death were tested by MTT assay ( e ) and LDH release assay ( f ), respectively. Mean values ± SD of three independent experiments were reported. Statistical analysis was performed comparing treatment groups with vehicle control group (“C”). *P < 0.05. # P < 0.05 vs. ABC294640 only group ( e and f )

Article Snippet: Cell permeable short-chain C6 ceramide was obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control, Inhibition, MTT Assay, Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay