Journal: mSphere

Article Title: A Translational Pharmacokinetic Rat Model of Cerebral Spinal Fluid and Plasma Concentrations of Cefepime

doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00595-18

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cefepime plasma and CSF PK exposures estimated using Bayesian posteriors for AUC 0–24 and C max 0–24 and percentage of cefepime in CSF or blood ^a

Article Snippet: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) standard curves were generated using commercially obtained cefepime hydrochloride (USP) (Chem-Impex International, Inc., Wood Dale, IL) with a purity of greater than 99.5%.

Techniques:

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: In vitro and in vivo activity of cefiderocol against Achromobacter spp. and Burkholderia cepacia complex, including carbapenem-non-susceptible isolates

doi: 10.1128/aac.00346-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro activity of cefiderocol and comparators against Achromobacter spp. and carbapenem-non-susceptible Achromobacter spp. collected globally from 2015 to 2019 ^l

Article Snippet: MICs were determined with cefiderocol (Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan), cefepime (USP), ceftazidime (USP), ceftazidime (USP) with avibactam (Biochempartner, Shanghai, China) at a fixed concentration of 4 μg/mL, ciprofloxacin (USP), colistin (USP), meropenem (USP), meropenem (USP) with vaborbactam (MedChemExpress, NJ, USA) at a fixed concentration of 8 μg/mL, imipenem (USP) with relebactam (MedChemExpress) at a fixed concentration of 4 μg/mL, tigecycline (Pfizer, NY, USA), trimethoprim (USP)-sulfamethoxazole (Sigma, MO, USA; 1:19).

Techniques: In Vitro, Activity Assay

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: In vitro and in vivo activity of cefiderocol against Achromobacter spp. and Burkholderia cepacia complex, including carbapenem-non-susceptible isolates

doi: 10.1128/aac.00346-23

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro activity of cefiderocol and comparators against Burkholderia cepacia complex collected in North America and Europe from 2014 to 2019 in the SIDERO-WT surveillance study [adapted from reference ( 14 )] ^k

Article Snippet: MICs were determined with cefiderocol (Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan), cefepime (USP), ceftazidime (USP), ceftazidime (USP) with avibactam (Biochempartner, Shanghai, China) at a fixed concentration of 4 μg/mL, ciprofloxacin (USP), colistin (USP), meropenem (USP), meropenem (USP) with vaborbactam (MedChemExpress, NJ, USA) at a fixed concentration of 8 μg/mL, imipenem (USP) with relebactam (MedChemExpress) at a fixed concentration of 4 μg/mL, tigecycline (Pfizer, NY, USA), trimethoprim (USP)-sulfamethoxazole (Sigma, MO, USA; 1:19).

Techniques: In Vitro, Activity Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Combined inactivation of the SOS response with TCA fumarases and the adaptive response enhances antibiotic susceptibility against Escherichia coli

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1570764

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inactivation of fumarases and the adaptive response resulted in no or slightly increased antimicrobial susceptibility. (A) Susceptibility screening by disc diffusion test on E. coli BW25113 isogenic mutants with different inactivated fumarases or adaptive response genes. The results are presented as a heatmap showing the differences in inhibition halo diameter (mm) of each mutant versus the BW25113 wild-type (WT) strain. The abbreviations correspond to different antimicrobial discs with the indicated amounts of each (in μg). (B) Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) (blue column) and cefepime (FEP) (red column) determined by E-test for the WT and each BW25113 mutant. Values were determined in triplicate. (C) Growth curves of BW25113 WT, Δ fumC and Δ aidB over 24 h in the absence of antibiotics ( left ) and in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin (0.004 μg/mL, equivalent to 1/2 x MIC of the WT strain) ( right ). Data are the mean of three independent measurements from a representative replicate.

Article Snippet: Transparent 96-well flat-bottom plates (Nunclon Delta Surface, Thermo Scientific, MA) were prepared with 200 μL of Luria-Bertani Broth (LBB) (Invitrogen), supplemented with and without sublethal concentrations of ciprofloxacin (Sigma Aldrich) or cefepime (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

Techniques: Diffusion-based Assay, Inhibition, Mutagenesis

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Combined inactivation of the SOS response with TCA fumarases and the adaptive response enhances antibiotic susceptibility against Escherichia coli

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1570764

Figure Lengend Snippet: Combined inactivation of the SOS response ( recA ) with fumarase ( fumC ) or the adaptive response ( aidB ) significantly enhances antibiotic susceptibility. (A) Susceptibility screening by disc diffusion test on single and double mutants of E. coli BW25513. The results are presented as a heatmap, showing the difference in inhibition halo diameter (mm) of each mutant relative to the BW25113 wild-type (WT) strain. The abbreviations correspond to different antimicrobial discs with the indicated amount of each (in μg). (B) Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) (blue column) and cefepime (FEP) (red column) for BW25113 WT and the various mutants by E-test. Values were determined in triplicate. (C) Growth curves of all BW25113 strains over 24 h in the absence of antibiotics ( left ), in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin (0.002 μg/mL, equivalent to 1/4 x MIC of the WT strain) ( middle ), and in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of cefepime (0.016 μg/mL, equivalent to 1/2 x MIC of the WT strain) ( right ). Data are the mean of at least three independent measurements from one representative replicate. (D) Survival of BW25113 mutants determined by spot test. A representative replicate of the experiment is shown on the left. Serial dilutions of each strain were spotted on LB agar without antibiotic, or supplemented with ciprofloxacin (0.001 μg/mL, equivalent to 1/8 x MIC of the WT strain) or cefepime (0.008 μg/mL, equivalent to 1/4 x MIC of the WT strain). On the right, mean survival percentage of each mutant under antibiotic pressure (ciprofloxacin above, cefepime below) relative to the untreated control. Data are the mean of at least four independent quantitative measurements. Hatched columns correspond to Δ recA mutants. Significant p values are recorded (ns, not significant; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001). (E) Evolution capacity of each BW25113 strain without antibiotic pressure ( left ) and in the presence of daily increases of ciprofloxacin ( middle ) and cefepime ( right ) over several days. The dashed vertical line represents the MIC of the WT and the double mutants for each antibiotic.

Article Snippet: Transparent 96-well flat-bottom plates (Nunclon Delta Surface, Thermo Scientific, MA) were prepared with 200 μL of Luria-Bertani Broth (LBB) (Invitrogen), supplemented with and without sublethal concentrations of ciprofloxacin (Sigma Aldrich) or cefepime (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

Techniques: Diffusion-based Assay, Inhibition, Mutagenesis, Spot Test, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Combined inactivation of the SOS response with TCA fumarases and the adaptive response enhances antibiotic susceptibility against Escherichia coli

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1570764

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inactivation of fumC and/or recA enhances antimicrobial susceptibility in a LLQR ST131 isolate. (A) Susceptibility screening by disc diffusion test on the E. coli FI20 clinical isolate and its isogenic mutants. The results are displayed as a heatmap, showing the difference in diameter of the inhibition halo (mm) of each mutant versus the FI20 WT strain. The abbreviations correspond to different antimicrobial discs with the indicated amounts (in μg). (B) Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) (blue column) and cefepime (FEP) (red column) for the FI20 WT strain and each mutant by E-test. Values were determined in triplicate. (C) Growth curves of all strains over 24 h in the absence of antibiotics ( left ); in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin (0.25 μg/mL, equivalent to 1/3 x MIC of the FI20 WT strain) ( middle ); and in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of cefepime (0.031 μg/mL, equivalent to 1/4 x MIC of the FI20 WT strain) ( right ). Data are the mean of at least three independent measurements from one representative replicate. (D) Survival of FI20 isogenic strains determined by spot test. Serial dilutions of each strain were spotted on LB agar without or with ciprofloxacin (~0.2 μg/mL, equivalent to 1/4 x MIC of the FI20 WT strain) and cefepime (0.031 μg/mL, equivalent to 1/4 x MIC of the FI20 WT strain). A representative replicate of the experiment is shown.

Article Snippet: Transparent 96-well flat-bottom plates (Nunclon Delta Surface, Thermo Scientific, MA) were prepared with 200 μL of Luria-Bertani Broth (LBB) (Invitrogen), supplemented with and without sublethal concentrations of ciprofloxacin (Sigma Aldrich) or cefepime (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

Techniques: Diffusion-based Assay, Inhibition, Mutagenesis, Spot Test

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Optimising an Infusion Protocol Containing Cefepime to Limit Particulate Load to Newborns in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030351

Figure Lengend Snippet: Infusion line used in the neonatal intensive care unit. CEF infusion line with cefepime placed on the unfiltered emergency track ( A ); CAF infusion line with caffeine placed on the unfiltered emergency route ( B ).

Article Snippet: The EP cefepime dihydrochloride monohydrate standard reference (Y00007603, EDQM, Strasbourg, France) was used for the calibration range.

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Optimising an Infusion Protocol Containing Cefepime to Limit Particulate Load to Newborns in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030351

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reconstitution, dilution, concentration, rate and time of infusion of the different drugs applied in the in vitro protocol (WFI: Water for injections, SS: Saline solution, G5%: 5% Glucose solution).

Article Snippet: The EP cefepime dihydrochloride monohydrate standard reference (Y00007603, EDQM, Strasbourg, France) was used for the calibration range.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, In Vitro, Saline, Emulsion

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Optimising an Infusion Protocol Containing Cefepime to Limit Particulate Load to Newborns in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030351

Figure Lengend Snippet: Infusion protocol adapted in vitro to the laboratory. 4 periods: (1) period T0 to T4H: Perfusion of vancomycin and G5%; (2) period T4H to T4H30: Perfusion of vancomycin, cefepime, caffeine and G5%; (3) T4H30-T4H41: Perfusion of vancomycin, G5% and rinsing with saline solution of the cefepime and caffeine routes; (4) period T4H41 to T8H: Perfusion of vancomycin and G5%.

Article Snippet: The EP cefepime dihydrochloride monohydrate standard reference (Y00007603, EDQM, Strasbourg, France) was used for the calibration range.

Techniques: In Vitro, Saline

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Optimising an Infusion Protocol Containing Cefepime to Limit Particulate Load to Newborns in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030351

Figure Lengend Snippet: pH and osmolality measurements of the different infusion solutions ( A ) ( n = 3). pH and osmolality measurements at the exit of the catheter at different infusion times. T0 to T4H and T5H to T8H: vancomycin and G5% infusion; T4H to T4H30: vancomycin, cefepime, caffeine and G5% infusion; T4H30 to T4H41: vancomycin, G5% and SS infusion ( B ) ( n = 3).

Article Snippet: The EP cefepime dihydrochloride monohydrate standard reference (Y00007603, EDQM, Strasbourg, France) was used for the calibration range.

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Optimising an Infusion Protocol Containing Cefepime to Limit Particulate Load to Newborns in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030351

Figure Lengend Snippet: Static count of particles ≥10 and ≥25 µm with the APSS-2000. Median [min–max], n = 18.

Article Snippet: The EP cefepime dihydrochloride monohydrate standard reference (Y00007603, EDQM, Strasbourg, France) was used for the calibration range.

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Optimising an Infusion Protocol Containing Cefepime to Limit Particulate Load to Newborns in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030351

Figure Lengend Snippet: Impact of replacing vancomycin with a G5% infusion on particulate load. Comparison of total particulate load as a function of vancomycin/G5% infusion at times T0-T8H ( A ); T0-T4H ( B ); T4H-T5H ( C ); T5H-T8H ( D ). CEF: infusion line with cefepime on emergency route and with vancomycin; CEF without vancomycin: infusion line with cefepime on emergency route and with replacement of vancomycin by G5%. Results are expressed as medians [min; max] (Mann Whitney, p < 0.05, n = 6).

Article Snippet: The EP cefepime dihydrochloride monohydrate standard reference (Y00007603, EDQM, Strasbourg, France) was used for the calibration range.

Techniques: Comparison, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Optimising an Infusion Protocol Containing Cefepime to Limit Particulate Load to Newborns in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030351

Figure Lengend Snippet: Impact of filter on the emergency route of the CEF infusion line. Comparison of total particulate load between a CEF infusion line without filter and a CEF infusion line with filter and a CAF infusion line at times T0-T8H ( A ); T0-T4H ( B ); T4H-T5H ( C ); T5H-T8H ( D ). CEF without filter: infusion line with unfiltered cefepime on emergency route; CEF with filter: infusion line with filtered cefepime on emergency route; CAF: infusion line with caffeine on emergency route. Results are expressed as medians [min; max] (**: p < 0.01, *: p < 0.05, Mann Whitney, p < 0.05, n = 6).

Article Snippet: The EP cefepime dihydrochloride monohydrate standard reference (Y00007603, EDQM, Strasbourg, France) was used for the calibration range.

Techniques: Comparison, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Optimising an Infusion Protocol Containing Cefepime to Limit Particulate Load to Newborns in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030351

Figure Lengend Snippet: Impact of the filter on cefepime dihydrochloride monohydrate concentration. Comparison of cefepime dihydrochloride monohydrate concentrations between filtered and unfiltered infusion lines: emergency route or 3-way Y-extension line. Results are expressed as medians [min; max] (Wilcoxon, p < 0.05, n = 6).

Article Snippet: The EP cefepime dihydrochloride monohydrate standard reference (Y00007603, EDQM, Strasbourg, France) was used for the calibration range.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Comparison

Journal: Drugs

Article Title: Antibacterials with Novel Chemical Scaffolds in Clinical Development

doi: 10.1007/s40265-024-02137-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Global pipeline of small-molecule antibiotics with reported clinical trials

Article Snippet: Nacubactam (OP0595, FPI-1459, RG6080, RO7079901) + cefepime or aztreonam (OP0595) , DBO BLI + cephalosporin or monobactam , Meiji Seika Pharma Co. , Cell wall (PBP) , cUTI, AP, HABP, VABP, cIAI: NCT05905055 (III), NCT05887908 (III) , [ ] .

Techniques: Infection, Disruption, DNA Synthesis, Binding Assay, Membrane, Polymer

Journal: Antibiotics

Article Title: Antimicrobial Resistance Linked to Septic System Contamination in the Indiana Lake Michigan Watershed

doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12030569

Figure Lengend Snippet: Proportion of environmental isolates resistant to common antibiotics. A total of 269 purple colonies were picked from modified mTEC plates of water samples and assayed for resistance to cefotaxime (CTX). A subset of the 97 CTXr isolates ( n = 36) was further tested for resistance to the antibiotics FOX, AMC, FEP, IPM, CIP, SXT, TE, and CT using disk diffusion assays. Resistant and susceptible classifications were determined by the diameters of the zones of inhibition based on CSLI standards.

Article Snippet: Cefotaxime and cefepime E-test strips (Liofilchem™ MTS™, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), with concentrations from 0.016 to 256 μg/mL, were placed in the middle of the streaked plates using sterile forceps.

Techniques: Modification, Diffusion-based Assay, Inhibition