Journal: Applied Microbiology

Article Title: Novel Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Analogs with Improved Biochemical Properties for Targeting Extracellular and Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus

doi: 10.3390/applmicrobiol4040107

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. MIC of cefazolin and oxacillin against USA300 when used alone or in combination with EGCG, MCC-1, and MCC-2. USA300 MRSA was incubated for 20 h with CAMHB supplemented with 2× serial dilutions of cefazolin (A,C,E) or oxacillin (B,D,F) at a concentration range of 0.5 µg/mL to 256 µg/mL, in combination with EGCG (A,B), MCC-1 (C,D), and MCC-2 (E,F) at a concentration range of 3.125 µg/mL to 200 µg/mL. The MIC was determined by visual inspection with lowest concentration of antibiotic where no growth was observed defined as the MIC. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) values ≤0.5 are considered synergistic, >0.5–1 additive, 1–4 indifferent, and >4 antagonistic.

Article Snippet: The following agents were purchased from commercial sources: vancomycin hydrochloride purified from Streptomyces orientalis (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), daptomycin (Selleck, Radnor, PA, USA), cefazolin (Selleck, Radnor, PA, USA), oxacillin sodium salt (TargetMol, Boston, MA, USA), and EGCG (APExBio, Houston, TX, USA).

Techniques: Incubation, Concentration Assay

Journal: Applied Microbiology

Article Title: Novel Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Analogs with Improved Biochemical Properties for Targeting Extracellular and Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus

doi: 10.3390/applmicrobiol4040107

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. EGCG analogs potentiate intracellular killing of S. aureus when used alone or in combination with clinically relevant antistaphylococcal antibiotics. Immortalized murine Kupffer cells (Kup5) infected with USA300 MRSA (A–C) were left untreated (NT) or treated with MCC-1 (6.25 µg/mL), MCC-2 (6.25 µg/mL), EGCG (100 µg/mL) +/−Cmax concentrations of vancomycin (Vanco: 50 µg/mL) (C) and daptomycin (Dapto: 95 µg/mL) (B). Kup5 cells were also infected with HH70 MSSA (D–F) and were left untreated or treated with the same concentrations of MCC-1, MCC-2, EGCG +/−cefazolin (Cefa: 85 µg/mL) and oxacillin (Oxa: 45 µg/mL) (E). ** indicates p < 0.01; * indicates p < 0.05 in one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc.

Article Snippet: The following agents were purchased from commercial sources: vancomycin hydrochloride purified from Streptomyces orientalis (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), daptomycin (Selleck, Radnor, PA, USA), cefazolin (Selleck, Radnor, PA, USA), oxacillin sodium salt (TargetMol, Boston, MA, USA), and EGCG (APExBio, Houston, TX, USA).

Techniques: Infection