Journal: Nature communications

Article Title: Enhanced TARP-γ8-PSD-95 coupling in excitatory neurons contributes to the rapid antidepressant-like action of ketamine in male mice.

doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42780-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5 | CaMKIIα-dependent TARP-γ8-PSD-95 coupling is necessary for the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine. a The representative image of western blot. b The quantification of protein expression of p-CaMKIIα and CaMKIIα (n = 9 per group). c Preference for sucrose in the SPT (n = 9, 8, 9, and 10 in Vehicle-ACSF, Vehicle-KN93, Ketamine-ACSF, and Ketamine-KN93, respectively). d, e Immobility time in the FST (d) and total distance in the OFT (e) (n = 9, 9, 10, and 8 in Vehicle- ACSF, Vehicle-KN93, Ketamine-ACSF and Ketamine-KN93, respectively). f Representative western blot image of Co-IP assay. g Quantification of association between PSD-95 and TARP-γ8 (n = 8, 7, 7, and 9 in Vehicle-ACSF, Vehicle-KN93, Ketamine-ACSF and Ketamine-KN93, respectively). h, i Total protein expression of PSD-95 (h) and TARP-γ8 (i) (n = 8 samples per group). j Representative traces of AMPARs-mediated mEPSC recordings in ventral hippocampal CA1 neurons from different groups. k, l Quantification of cumulative probability and amplitude (k)

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used to recognize specific protein, including: TARP-γ8 (1:1000; sc-514421, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), GluA1 (1:1000; ab31232, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), GluA2 (1:1000; ab52932, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), βactin (1:3000; sc-47778, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), PSD-95 (1:1000; ab18258, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), CaMKIIα (1:800; 50049, Cell Signaling, USA), Phospho-CaMKII (1:800; 12716, Cell Signaling, USA).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay

Journal: Nature communications

Article Title: Enhanced TARP-γ8-PSD-95 coupling in excitatory neurons contributes to the rapid antidepressant-like action of ketamine in male mice.

doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42780-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6 | Knockdown of TARP-γ8 in excitatory neurons in the ventral hippo- campus blocks the antidepressant effects of ketamine. a Immunofluorescence results showing TARP-γ8 (green) was mainly expressed in CaMKIIα (purple)- expressing neurons rather than GAD67 (purple)-expressing neurons. Scale bar = 30 μm (two bars on the left), 50 μm (two bars on the right). DAPI (blue). Experi- ments were repeated independently 3 times with similar results. b AAV-expressing constructs with CaMKIIα promoter encoding GFP and shRNAs targeting TARP-γ8. c Timeline of experimental procedure. d Preference for sucrose in the SPT (n = 8 samples per group). e Immobility time in the FST (n = 8, 8, 9, and 10 in Vehicle-Scr-shRNA, Vehicle-Cacng8-shRNA, Ketamine-Scr-shRNA and Ketamine- Cacng8-shRNA, respectively). f Total distance in the OFT (n = 8, 9, 10 and 10 in

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used to recognize specific protein, including: TARP-γ8 (1:1000; sc-514421, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), GluA1 (1:1000; ab31232, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), GluA2 (1:1000; ab52932, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), βactin (1:3000; sc-47778, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), PSD-95 (1:1000; ab18258, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), CaMKIIα (1:800; 50049, Cell Signaling, USA), Phospho-CaMKII (1:800; 12716, Cell Signaling, USA).

Techniques: Knockdown, Expressing, Construct, shRNA

Journal: Brain Pathology

Article Title: Antenatal low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces neurobehavioral deficits and brain injury following dexamethasone‐induced intrauterine growth restriction

doi: 10.1111/bpa.12968

Figure Lengend Snippet: Maternal LIPUS treatment enhanced the activation of CaMKII and downstream Akt signaling in IUGR brains . Representative immunoblots and quantitative data of ( A ) CaMKII, ( B ) Akt, and ( C ) ERK phosphorylation and total protein expression at PND 1 after IUGR. Representative images of double immunostaining and quantitative data of ( D ) neuron number (NeuN + ) and pAkt S473‐positive neurons, and ( E ) pCaMKII‐positive neurons at PND 1 after IUGR. Sections were stained with DAPI (blue) to visualize the nuclei. Scale bar = 50 μm. Values are mean ±standard error of mean; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 versus saline group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, and ### p < 0.001 versus DEX group (n = 7–8/group; one‐way ANOVA). DAPI, 4'‐6‐Diamidino‐2‐phenylindole; DEX, dexamethasone; IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; L, low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound; PND, postnatal day

Article Snippet: Protein samples obtained from brain or placenta tissue homogenates were separated on 8%–12% sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gels, transferred to Immobilon‐P membranes (Millipore), and probed overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies including anti‐BDNF (1:1000; GTX132621), anti‐GDNF (1:1000; GTX17447), and anti‐VEGF (1:1000; GTX102643) from GeneTex (Irvine, CA, USA); anti‐pCaMKII (1:1000; #12716), anti‐total CaMKII (1:1000; #11945), anti‐pAkt S473 (1:1000; #9271), anti‐pAktT308 (1:1000; #4056), anti‐total Akt (1:1000; #9272), anti‐pERK (1:1000; #9101), and anti‐total ERK (1:1000; #9102) from Cell Signaling; anti‐PlGF (1:1000; ab196666), anti‐glucose transporter (GLUT) 3 (ab41525), anti‐GLUT1 (ab115730), anti‐SLC38A1 (ab134268), anti‐SNAT2 (ab90677), and anti‐SLC38A4 (ab58785) from Abcam; and anti‐β‐actin (1:10000; A5441, Sigma‐Aldrich).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Expressing, Double Immunostaining, Staining, Saline

Journal: Brain Pathology

Article Title: Antenatal low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces neurobehavioral deficits and brain injury following dexamethasone‐induced intrauterine growth restriction

doi: 10.1111/bpa.12968

Figure Lengend Snippet: The schematic diagram indicates the potential mechanisms of LIPUS treatment‐induced neuroprotection in IUGR offspring brain . Our results demonstrate that antenatal LIPUS treatment promotes neuronal survival and myelination, and reduces neurodevelopmental deficits in the postnatal IUGR rats. These effects are related to increasing BDNF and PlGF expression, and subsequently enhancing neuronal CaMKII‐Akt signaling activation in the newborn IUGR brain. Meanwhile, LIPUS treatment promotes GLUT1 production and BDNF expression in the placenta. Antenatal LIPUS treatment also increases fetal weight, fetal liver weight, and placental weight after IUGR. Our findings suggest that the enhancement of cerebral BDNF‐CaMKII‐Akt signaling, and placental GLUT1 and BDNF expression by LIPUS could be a potential strategy for the management of IUGR. BDNF, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor; GLUT, glucose transporter; IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; L, low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound; PlGF, placental growth factor.

Article Snippet: Protein samples obtained from brain or placenta tissue homogenates were separated on 8%–12% sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gels, transferred to Immobilon‐P membranes (Millipore), and probed overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies including anti‐BDNF (1:1000; GTX132621), anti‐GDNF (1:1000; GTX17447), and anti‐VEGF (1:1000; GTX102643) from GeneTex (Irvine, CA, USA); anti‐pCaMKII (1:1000; #12716), anti‐total CaMKII (1:1000; #11945), anti‐pAkt S473 (1:1000; #9271), anti‐pAktT308 (1:1000; #4056), anti‐total Akt (1:1000; #9272), anti‐pERK (1:1000; #9101), and anti‐total ERK (1:1000; #9102) from Cell Signaling; anti‐PlGF (1:1000; ab196666), anti‐glucose transporter (GLUT) 3 (ab41525), anti‐GLUT1 (ab115730), anti‐SLC38A1 (ab134268), anti‐SNAT2 (ab90677), and anti‐SLC38A4 (ab58785) from Abcam; and anti‐β‐actin (1:10000; A5441, Sigma‐Aldrich).

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay, Derivative Assay

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Neural coding of choice and outcome are modulated by uncertainty in orbitofrontal but not secondary motor cortex

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-63866-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Schematic of trial timeline: Rats learn in an operant chamber outfitted with a touchscreen with three different interaction zones (left, center, and right) and a reward port on the opposite side of the chamber. A white circle is presented in the middle zone for 40 s, during which the rat is required to nosepoke to initiate a trial. Subsequently, two identical stimuli are presented on the left and right sides of the screen for 60 s. The rat is required to nosepoke one of these stimuli, selecting either the left or right side. One of the sides has a higher reward probability than the other. The rat either gets rewarded 1 s after the nosepoke or undergoes a 5-second timeout. There is a 10 s Intertrial Interval (ITI) before a new trial begins. B A session consists of 3 blocks of 75 trials each, with two reversals, with the last block increasing in uncertainty. C Following surgery, recovery, handling, and pretraining to respond to touchscreen stimuli on either the left or the right, different schedules are introduced, with each schedule administered across two days each, and increasing in uncertainty. D Sample performance on Schedule 2, where the rat matches the value of the left side and adapts its behavior following a reversal. E Probabilities of choosing the better option, mean ± SEM (shading). There was a significant difference in accuracy, p(Better), by lens implant area (Supplementary Table ). F – H Performance measures by lens implant region to include latencies for Initiation ( F ) group sizes are: n = 1286, n = 1286, n = 1301, n = 1716, n = 1717, n = 1707 respectively; Choice ( G ) group sizes are: n = 1284, n = 1291, n = 1305, n = 1727, n = 1730, n = 1736 respectively; and Reward ( H ) group sizes are: n = 830, n = 851, n = 668, n = 1149, n = 1172, n = 1023 respectively for M2- and OFC-lens implanted rats across all the schedules. The center of each box plot is the median. I Reconstructions of calcium indicator GCaMP6f and GRIN lens implant in all rats. J Photomicrograph of a lens in OFC. K Photomicrograph of a lens in M2. Coronal sections reprinted from The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates, 7th edition, Paxinos, G. & Watson, C., 2014, with permission from Elsevier. Source data are provided as a Source Data file .

Article Snippet: A 1 μL Hamilton syringe and pump delivered GCaMP6f (AVV9-CamKII-GCaMP6f-WPRE-SV40, Addgene, # 100834) through cannulae and injectors in either OFC or M2.

Techniques: Blocking Assay