Journal: Toxics

Article Title: Selenium Nanoparticles Attenuate Cobalt Nanoparticle-Induced Skeletal Muscle Injury: A Study Based on Myoblasts and Zebrafish

doi: 10.3390/toxics12020130

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cellular toxicity induced by cobalt and selenium nanoparticles. ( A ) Cells were treated with 5 μg/mL FITC-labeled CoNPs and SeNPs for 2 h. Confocal microscopy revealed fluorescent signals into the cells. Yellow arrows indicating cells that are filled with green fluorescence, while the culture medium contains free FITC-labeled CoNPs and SeNPs. ( B – D ) Viability of C2C12 cells treated with 5–80 μg/mL CoNPs, SeNPs, and mixing of CoNPs and SeNPs were determined by CCK-8. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation of three identical experiments conducted in triplicate. * Statistically significant difference compared with the controls ( p < 0.05 for each).

Article Snippet: According to the manufacturer’s instructions, the levels of MDA (malondialdehyde), GSH (glutathione), and SOD (superoxide dismutase) in C2C12 cells were measured using a GSH ELISA Kit (Elabscience, Wuhan, China), MDA Content Detection Kit (Beyotime, Nantong, China), and SOD Activity Detection Kit (Beyotime, Nantong, China).

Techniques: Labeling, Confocal Microscopy, Fluorescence, CCK-8 Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Toxics

Article Title: Selenium Nanoparticles Attenuate Cobalt Nanoparticle-Induced Skeletal Muscle Injury: A Study Based on Myoblasts and Zebrafish

doi: 10.3390/toxics12020130

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protective effects of low-dose SeNPs on CoNP-induced oxidative stress in muscle cells. ( A ) C2C12 cells were exposed to control, 20 μg/mL CoNPs, 500 µM H2O2, 5 μg/mL SeNPs with or without H2O2, and mixing of Co and Se NPs. Oxidative stress condition induced by H2O2 treatment for 4 h. Intracellular ROS production was analyzed by H2DCFDA staining. ( B – E ) MDA, GSH, and SOD levels were determined in C2C12 cells from control, 20 μg/mL CoNPs, 500 µM H2O2, 5 μg/mL SeNPs with or without H2O2, and mixing of Co and Se NP-treated groups. Data are displayed as mean ± SD; * means p < 0.05 between two indicated groups (n = 10).

Article Snippet: According to the manufacturer’s instructions, the levels of MDA (malondialdehyde), GSH (glutathione), and SOD (superoxide dismutase) in C2C12 cells were measured using a GSH ELISA Kit (Elabscience, Wuhan, China), MDA Content Detection Kit (Beyotime, Nantong, China), and SOD Activity Detection Kit (Beyotime, Nantong, China).

Techniques: Control, Staining

Journal: Toxics

Article Title: Selenium Nanoparticles Attenuate Cobalt Nanoparticle-Induced Skeletal Muscle Injury: A Study Based on Myoblasts and Zebrafish

doi: 10.3390/toxics12020130

Figure Lengend Snippet: CoNP-induced apoptosis was inhibited by SeNPs in muscle cells. ( A , B ) The expression of caspase–3 and cleaved caspase–3 in C2C12 cells treated with 5 μg/mL SeNPs or 20 μg/mL CoNPs with or without SeNPs was analyzed by Western blotting. GAPDH was used as internal reference. Relative expression levels are shown in the graph. ( C , D ) The degree of apoptosis of cells subjected to different treatments was determined by annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining flow cytometry. The percentage of apoptotic cells was counted and compared between the different groups. Data are displayed as mean ± SD; * means p < 0.05 between two indicated groups (n = 3).

Article Snippet: According to the manufacturer’s instructions, the levels of MDA (malondialdehyde), GSH (glutathione), and SOD (superoxide dismutase) in C2C12 cells were measured using a GSH ELISA Kit (Elabscience, Wuhan, China), MDA Content Detection Kit (Beyotime, Nantong, China), and SOD Activity Detection Kit (Beyotime, Nantong, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Double Staining, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Toxics

Article Title: Selenium Nanoparticles Attenuate Cobalt Nanoparticle-Induced Skeletal Muscle Injury: A Study Based on Myoblasts and Zebrafish

doi: 10.3390/toxics12020130

Figure Lengend Snippet: Promotive effects of SeNPs on CoNP-induced inhibition of myogenic differentiation. ( A ) Immunofluorescence staining in SeNPs, CoNPs, and Co Se NP-treated C2C12 cells was analyzed at 4 days of differentiation to detect the effect of different nanoparticles on myogenic differentiation. Nuclei (DAPI, blue), F-actin (Green), and α-SMA (Red) were labeled; scale bar = 25 µm. ( B ) Quantification of α-SMA fluorescence intensity in ( A ) was performed. Data are displayed as mean ± SD. * means p < 0.05 between two indicated groups (n = 6). ( C – E ) mRNA expression of myogenic markers, MyoD, myogenin, and Myf5, in C2C12 cells treated with 5 μg/mL SeNPs, 20 μg/mL CoNPs with or without SeNPs was analyzed by qPCR. The control group was set to 1.0. Data are displayed as mean ± SD. * means p < 0.05 between two indicated groups (n = 6).

Article Snippet: According to the manufacturer’s instructions, the levels of MDA (malondialdehyde), GSH (glutathione), and SOD (superoxide dismutase) in C2C12 cells were measured using a GSH ELISA Kit (Elabscience, Wuhan, China), MDA Content Detection Kit (Beyotime, Nantong, China), and SOD Activity Detection Kit (Beyotime, Nantong, China).

Techniques: Inhibition, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Labeling, Fluorescence, Expressing, Control

Journal: Food science of animal resources

Article Title: Effects on Goat Meat Extracts on α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity, Expression of Bcl-2-Associated X (BAX), p53, and p21 in Cell Line and Expression of Atrogin-1, Muscle Atrophy F-Box (MAFbx), Muscle RING-Finger Protein-1 (MuRF-1), and Myosin Heavy Chain-7 (MYH-7) in C2C12 Myoblsts.

doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 7. Anti-muscular atrophy-related gene levels in C2C12 cells treated with goat hind legs at hydrous extract (HE), hot water extract (HWE), and ethanol extract (EE). (A) Atrogin-1 and (B) myosin heavy chain (MHC) 1b. a,b Values are significantly different (p<0.05).

Article Snippet: Protein extraction and quantification of Atrogin-1, MAFbx, MuRF-1, and MYH-7 expression in C2C12 cells were performed according to the methods described in as above. with the following changes: In order to perform immunoblotting, primary antibodies [rabbit-anti-Atrogin-1 (AP2041, 1:700; ECM Biosciences, Versailles, KY, USA), mouse-anti-MAFbx (sc-166806, 1:300; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse-anti-MuRF-1 (sc-398608, 1:300; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and mouse-anti-MYH-7 (sc-53089, 1:200; Santa Cruz Biotechnology)] were used.

Techniques:

Journal: Food science of animal resources

Article Title: Effects on Goat Meat Extracts on α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity, Expression of Bcl-2-Associated X (BAX), p53, and p21 in Cell Line and Expression of Atrogin-1, Muscle Atrophy F-Box (MAFbx), Muscle RING-Finger Protein-1 (MuRF-1), and Myosin Heavy Chain-7 (MYH-7) in C2C12 Myoblsts.

doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 8. Anti-muscular atrophy-related gene levels in C2C12 cells treated with goat meat extract. (A) Atrogin-1 and (B) myosin heavy chain (MHC) 1b. a–c Values are significantly different (p<0.05).

Article Snippet: Protein extraction and quantification of Atrogin-1, MAFbx, MuRF-1, and MYH-7 expression in C2C12 cells were performed according to the methods described in as above. with the following changes: In order to perform immunoblotting, primary antibodies [rabbit-anti-Atrogin-1 (AP2041, 1:700; ECM Biosciences, Versailles, KY, USA), mouse-anti-MAFbx (sc-166806, 1:300; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse-anti-MuRF-1 (sc-398608, 1:300; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and mouse-anti-MYH-7 (sc-53089, 1:200; Santa Cruz Biotechnology)] were used.

Techniques:

Journal: Food science of animal resources

Article Title: Effects on Goat Meat Extracts on α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity, Expression of Bcl-2-Associated X (BAX), p53, and p21 in Cell Line and Expression of Atrogin-1, Muscle Atrophy F-Box (MAFbx), Muscle RING-Finger Protein-1 (MuRF-1), and Myosin Heavy Chain-7 (MYH-7) in C2C12 Myoblsts.

doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 9. Anti-muscular atrophy-related protein levels in C2C12 cells treated with goat meat extract. (A) Atrogin-1, (B) muscle atrophy F- box (MAFbx), (C) muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1), and (D) myosin heavy chain-7 (MYH-7). a,b Values are significantly different (p<0.05).

Article Snippet: Protein extraction and quantification of Atrogin-1, MAFbx, MuRF-1, and MYH-7 expression in C2C12 cells were performed according to the methods described in as above. with the following changes: In order to perform immunoblotting, primary antibodies [rabbit-anti-Atrogin-1 (AP2041, 1:700; ECM Biosciences, Versailles, KY, USA), mouse-anti-MAFbx (sc-166806, 1:300; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse-anti-MuRF-1 (sc-398608, 1:300; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and mouse-anti-MYH-7 (sc-53089, 1:200; Santa Cruz Biotechnology)] were used.

Techniques: