btbr Search Results


btbr t+tf/j  (Jackson Laboratory)
90
Jackson Laboratory btbr t+tf/j
Btbr T+Tf/J, supplied by Jackson Laboratory, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
btbr t+tf/j - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
90/100 stars
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btbr mice  (Shanghai Model Organisms Center)
90
Shanghai Model Organisms Center btbr mice
Systemic treatment with bumetanide alleviated autistic-like behavioral in <t>BTBR</t> <t>mice.</t> (A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. Male BTBR mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with bumetanide (10 mg/kg) or vehicle. (B) Time spent in the social stimulus or empty chamber and total interaction time with stimulus mouse or empty wire during sociability stage (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9, paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. EM; interaction time, * p < 0.05, WT-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. EM; S1 represent stranger stimuli mouse 1, EM represent empty cage). (C) Time spent in familiar or novel stimulus chamber and total interaction time with familiar or novel stimulus mouse during social novelty stage (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9, paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. S2; * p < 0.05, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. S2; interaction time, * p < 0.05 WT-vehicle S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. S2; * p < 0.05, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. S2; S1 represent familiar stimuli mouse 1, S2 represent a novel stranger stimuli mouse 2). (D) Time spent self-grooming in grooming test (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9. one-way ANOVA, F (2,22) =16.77, p < 0.0001, Bonferroni post hoc : *** p <0.001, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR- bumetanide; ** p <0.01; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR-bumetanide). (E) Total distance traveled in the open-field test (n = 8 each group; one-way ANOVA, F (2,21) =6.453, p = 0.0065, Bonferroni post hoc : * p < 0.05, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR-bumetanide). (F) Time spent in the open arms elevated plus maze test (n = 8, each group. One-way ANOVA, F (2,21) = 8.918, p = 0.0016, Bonferroni post hoc : ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR- bumetanide). All Data were presented as mean ± s.e.m.
Btbr Mice, supplied by Shanghai Model Organisms Center, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
btbr mice - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
90/100 stars
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btbr mice heterozygous for the leptinob mutation  (Jackson Laboratory)
90
Jackson Laboratory btbr mice heterozygous for the leptinob mutation
Systemic treatment with bumetanide alleviated autistic-like behavioral in <t>BTBR</t> <t>mice.</t> (A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. Male BTBR mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with bumetanide (10 mg/kg) or vehicle. (B) Time spent in the social stimulus or empty chamber and total interaction time with stimulus mouse or empty wire during sociability stage (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9, paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. EM; interaction time, * p < 0.05, WT-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. EM; S1 represent stranger stimuli mouse 1, EM represent empty cage). (C) Time spent in familiar or novel stimulus chamber and total interaction time with familiar or novel stimulus mouse during social novelty stage (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9, paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. S2; * p < 0.05, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. S2; interaction time, * p < 0.05 WT-vehicle S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. S2; * p < 0.05, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. S2; S1 represent familiar stimuli mouse 1, S2 represent a novel stranger stimuli mouse 2). (D) Time spent self-grooming in grooming test (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9. one-way ANOVA, F (2,22) =16.77, p < 0.0001, Bonferroni post hoc : *** p <0.001, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR- bumetanide; ** p <0.01; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR-bumetanide). (E) Total distance traveled in the open-field test (n = 8 each group; one-way ANOVA, F (2,21) =6.453, p = 0.0065, Bonferroni post hoc : * p < 0.05, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR-bumetanide). (F) Time spent in the open arms elevated plus maze test (n = 8, each group. One-way ANOVA, F (2,21) = 8.918, p = 0.0016, Bonferroni post hoc : ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR- bumetanide). All Data were presented as mean ± s.e.m.
Btbr Mice Heterozygous For The Leptinob Mutation, supplied by Jackson Laboratory, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
btbr mice heterozygous for the leptinob mutation - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
90/100 stars
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gmlow btbr mice  (Jackson Laboratory)
90
Jackson Laboratory gmlow btbr mice
Systemic treatment with bumetanide alleviated autistic-like behavioral in <t>BTBR</t> <t>mice.</t> (A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. Male BTBR mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with bumetanide (10 mg/kg) or vehicle. (B) Time spent in the social stimulus or empty chamber and total interaction time with stimulus mouse or empty wire during sociability stage (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9, paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. EM; interaction time, * p < 0.05, WT-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. EM; S1 represent stranger stimuli mouse 1, EM represent empty cage). (C) Time spent in familiar or novel stimulus chamber and total interaction time with familiar or novel stimulus mouse during social novelty stage (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9, paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. S2; * p < 0.05, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. S2; interaction time, * p < 0.05 WT-vehicle S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. S2; * p < 0.05, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. S2; S1 represent familiar stimuli mouse 1, S2 represent a novel stranger stimuli mouse 2). (D) Time spent self-grooming in grooming test (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9. one-way ANOVA, F (2,22) =16.77, p < 0.0001, Bonferroni post hoc : *** p <0.001, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR- bumetanide; ** p <0.01; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR-bumetanide). (E) Total distance traveled in the open-field test (n = 8 each group; one-way ANOVA, F (2,21) =6.453, p = 0.0065, Bonferroni post hoc : * p < 0.05, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR-bumetanide). (F) Time spent in the open arms elevated plus maze test (n = 8, each group. One-way ANOVA, F (2,21) = 8.918, p = 0.0016, Bonferroni post hoc : ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR- bumetanide). All Data were presented as mean ± s.e.m.
Gmlow Btbr Mice, supplied by Jackson Laboratory, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/gmlow btbr mice/product/Jackson Laboratory
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
gmlow btbr mice - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
90/100 stars
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btbr t + itpr3 tf /j mice  (Jackson Laboratory)
90
Jackson Laboratory btbr t + itpr3 tf /j mice
Systemic treatment with bumetanide alleviated autistic-like behavioral in <t>BTBR</t> <t>mice.</t> (A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. Male BTBR mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with bumetanide (10 mg/kg) or vehicle. (B) Time spent in the social stimulus or empty chamber and total interaction time with stimulus mouse or empty wire during sociability stage (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9, paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. EM; interaction time, * p < 0.05, WT-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. EM; S1 represent stranger stimuli mouse 1, EM represent empty cage). (C) Time spent in familiar or novel stimulus chamber and total interaction time with familiar or novel stimulus mouse during social novelty stage (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9, paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. S2; * p < 0.05, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. S2; interaction time, * p < 0.05 WT-vehicle S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. S2; * p < 0.05, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. S2; S1 represent familiar stimuli mouse 1, S2 represent a novel stranger stimuli mouse 2). (D) Time spent self-grooming in grooming test (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9. one-way ANOVA, F (2,22) =16.77, p < 0.0001, Bonferroni post hoc : *** p <0.001, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR- bumetanide; ** p <0.01; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR-bumetanide). (E) Total distance traveled in the open-field test (n = 8 each group; one-way ANOVA, F (2,21) =6.453, p = 0.0065, Bonferroni post hoc : * p < 0.05, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR-bumetanide). (F) Time spent in the open arms elevated plus maze test (n = 8, each group. One-way ANOVA, F (2,21) = 8.918, p = 0.0016, Bonferroni post hoc : ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR- bumetanide). All Data were presented as mean ± s.e.m.
Btbr T + Itpr3 Tf /J Mice, supplied by Jackson Laboratory, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/btbr t + itpr3 tf /j mice/product/Jackson Laboratory
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
btbr t + itpr3 tf /j mice - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
90/100 stars
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pah enu2 mice  (Jackson Laboratory)
90
Jackson Laboratory pah enu2 mice
a–d <t>PAH</t> <t>enu2</t> mice ( n = 6–16/treatment group) were treated with a single IV dose of mRNA-3210, and serum ( n = 9 mice for 0.25 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 0.25 h postdose and n = 8 mice for all other timepoints; n = 9 mice for 0.5 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 0.5 h postdose and n = 8 mice for all other timepoints; n = 9 mice for 1.0 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 0.25 h postdose and n = 8 mice for all other timepoints) and liver hPAH mRNA ( n = 9 mice for 0.25 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose; n = 8 mice for 0.5 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 9 mice at 8 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose; n = 9 mice for 1.0 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose) or hPAH protein concentrations ( n = 10 mice for 0.25 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 7 mice at 96 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose; n = 8 mice for 0.5 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 9 mice at 8 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose; n = 9 mice for 1.0 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose), were assessed at baseline and 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 168 h postdose. d PAH enu2 mice ( n = 8/treatment group) were treated with a single IV dose of mRNA-3210 at 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg or saline (control). Blood Phe levels were assessed at baseline and 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 168 h postdose. enu2 N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, hPAH human phenylalanine hydroxylase, IV intravenous, mRNA messenger RNA, PAH phenylalanine hydroxylase, Phe phenylalanine, PKU phenylketonuria, SD standard deviation. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
Pah Enu2 Mice, supplied by Jackson Laboratory, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
pah enu2 mice - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
90/100 stars
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btbr.cg-lepob/wiscj  (Jackson Laboratory)
90
Jackson Laboratory btbr.cg-lepob/wiscj
a–d <t>PAH</t> <t>enu2</t> mice ( n = 6–16/treatment group) were treated with a single IV dose of mRNA-3210, and serum ( n = 9 mice for 0.25 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 0.25 h postdose and n = 8 mice for all other timepoints; n = 9 mice for 0.5 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 0.5 h postdose and n = 8 mice for all other timepoints; n = 9 mice for 1.0 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 0.25 h postdose and n = 8 mice for all other timepoints) and liver hPAH mRNA ( n = 9 mice for 0.25 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose; n = 8 mice for 0.5 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 9 mice at 8 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose; n = 9 mice for 1.0 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose) or hPAH protein concentrations ( n = 10 mice for 0.25 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 7 mice at 96 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose; n = 8 mice for 0.5 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 9 mice at 8 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose; n = 9 mice for 1.0 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose), were assessed at baseline and 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 168 h postdose. d PAH enu2 mice ( n = 8/treatment group) were treated with a single IV dose of mRNA-3210 at 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg or saline (control). Blood Phe levels were assessed at baseline and 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 168 h postdose. enu2 N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, hPAH human phenylalanine hydroxylase, IV intravenous, mRNA messenger RNA, PAH phenylalanine hydroxylase, Phe phenylalanine, PKU phenylketonuria, SD standard deviation. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
Btbr.Cg Lepob/Wiscj, supplied by Jackson Laboratory, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
btbr.cg-lepob/wiscj - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
90/100 stars
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btbr mice the jackson laboratory-origin gms  (Jackson Laboratory)
90
Jackson Laboratory btbr mice the jackson laboratory-origin gms
(A) Graphical representation of experimental design depicting cohorts of neonatal ( n = 10-12 mice/sex/GM) and adult ( n = 20 mice/sex/GM) <t>BTBR</t> <t>mice.</t> (B) Dot plot depicting Chao-1 Index. *** p GM < 0.001, p Sex = 0.002, Two-way ANOVA (C) Dot plot depicting Shannon Index. p GM = 0.867, p Sex = 0.276, Two-way ANVOA (D) Principal coordinate analysis depicting Bray-Curtis dissimilarity between microbial communities. p GM < 0.001, p Sex = 0.063, Two-way PERMANOVA. (E) Dot plot depicting USV rate. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, Tukey post hoc . (F) Principal coordinate analysis depicting Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of the relative abundance of ultrasonic vocalizations. p GM = 0.001, p Sex = 0.044, Two-way PERMANOVA. (G) Stacked bar charts depicting mean relative abundance of call types determined by VocalMat. (H) Dot plot depicting Grooming Index. p GM = 0.321, p Sex = 0.069, Two-way ANVOA. (I) Dot plot depicting Burying Index. p GM = 0.862 p Sex = 0.048, Two-way ANOVA. (J) Dot plot depicting time spent in Stranger (closed circles) or Object (open circles) chambers of social preference test. (K) Tukey box plot depicting Social Preference Index. * p GM = 0.044, p Sex = 0.498, Two-way ANOVA.
Btbr Mice The Jackson Laboratory Origin Gms, supplied by Jackson Laboratory, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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btbrv(b6)-lepob/wiscj stock no 004824 female mice  (Jackson Laboratory)
90
Jackson Laboratory btbrv(b6)-lepob/wiscj stock no 004824 female mice
(A) Graphical representation of experimental design depicting cohorts of neonatal ( n = 10-12 mice/sex/GM) and adult ( n = 20 mice/sex/GM) <t>BTBR</t> <t>mice.</t> (B) Dot plot depicting Chao-1 Index. *** p GM < 0.001, p Sex = 0.002, Two-way ANOVA (C) Dot plot depicting Shannon Index. p GM = 0.867, p Sex = 0.276, Two-way ANVOA (D) Principal coordinate analysis depicting Bray-Curtis dissimilarity between microbial communities. p GM < 0.001, p Sex = 0.063, Two-way PERMANOVA. (E) Dot plot depicting USV rate. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, Tukey post hoc . (F) Principal coordinate analysis depicting Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of the relative abundance of ultrasonic vocalizations. p GM = 0.001, p Sex = 0.044, Two-way PERMANOVA. (G) Stacked bar charts depicting mean relative abundance of call types determined by VocalMat. (H) Dot plot depicting Grooming Index. p GM = 0.321, p Sex = 0.069, Two-way ANVOA. (I) Dot plot depicting Burying Index. p GM = 0.862 p Sex = 0.048, Two-way ANOVA. (J) Dot plot depicting time spent in Stranger (closed circles) or Object (open circles) chambers of social preference test. (K) Tukey box plot depicting Social Preference Index. * p GM = 0.044, p Sex = 0.498, Two-way ANOVA.
Btbrv(B6) Lepob/Wiscj Stock No 004824 Female Mice, supplied by Jackson Laboratory, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/btbrv(b6)-lepob/wiscj stock no 004824 female mice/product/Jackson Laboratory
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
btbrv(b6)-lepob/wiscj stock no 004824 female mice - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
90/100 stars
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btbr ob/ob mice  (Jackson Laboratory)
90
Jackson Laboratory btbr ob/ob mice
Intestinal composition analysis by 16S rRNA sequencing in <t>BTBR</t> ob/ob FMT (+) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice compared to BTBR WT mice. ( A ) Bacterial phyla according to 16S rRNA sequencing of 10- and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and FMT (-) mice compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice: Bacteroidetes , Firmicutes , Proteobacteria , Actinobacteria , Verrucomicrobia , Deferribacteres , and Chloroflex. ( B ) Alpha diversity analysis by Shannon Index in 10-week-old BTBR WT and age-matched BTBR ob/ob mice ( p = 0.24), and among 14-week-old BTBR WT versus BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.21) indicated that the species richness was similar among groups. Results are median and IQR. ( C ) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity metrics did not show any clearly associated clusters in relation to the study animals. Results are median and IQR. ( D ) Butyrate producer Lachnospiraceae bacteria family proportions were similar between 10-week-old BTBR WT and age-matched BTBR ob/ob mice ( p = 0.59), yet higher proportions of these bacteria in 14-week-old BTBR WT compared to 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice (* p = 0.026) were observed. No significant difference was found between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and FMT (-) mice ( p = 0.39). Results are median and IQR. ( E , F ) Assessment of the differences in relative abundance between genotypes effect evaluated by log 2-fold change demonstrated greater relative abundance in the Gammaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiae classes and lower abundance in the Dehalococcoidia and Odoribacteraceae families in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice. The treatment increased the abundance of the Odoribacteraceae family in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice. In all analyses, n = 6/group.
Btbr Ob/Ob Mice, supplied by Jackson Laboratory, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
btbr ob/ob mice - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
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colony of btbr pahenu2  (Homology Medicines)
90
Homology Medicines colony of btbr pahenu2
Intestinal composition analysis by 16S rRNA sequencing in <t>BTBR</t> ob/ob FMT (+) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice compared to BTBR WT mice. ( A ) Bacterial phyla according to 16S rRNA sequencing of 10- and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and FMT (-) mice compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice: Bacteroidetes , Firmicutes , Proteobacteria , Actinobacteria , Verrucomicrobia , Deferribacteres , and Chloroflex. ( B ) Alpha diversity analysis by Shannon Index in 10-week-old BTBR WT and age-matched BTBR ob/ob mice ( p = 0.24), and among 14-week-old BTBR WT versus BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.21) indicated that the species richness was similar among groups. Results are median and IQR. ( C ) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity metrics did not show any clearly associated clusters in relation to the study animals. Results are median and IQR. ( D ) Butyrate producer Lachnospiraceae bacteria family proportions were similar between 10-week-old BTBR WT and age-matched BTBR ob/ob mice ( p = 0.59), yet higher proportions of these bacteria in 14-week-old BTBR WT compared to 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice (* p = 0.026) were observed. No significant difference was found between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and FMT (-) mice ( p = 0.39). Results are median and IQR. ( E , F ) Assessment of the differences in relative abundance between genotypes effect evaluated by log 2-fold change demonstrated greater relative abundance in the Gammaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiae classes and lower abundance in the Dehalococcoidia and Odoribacteraceae families in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice. The treatment increased the abundance of the Odoribacteraceae family in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice. In all analyses, n = 6/group.
Colony Of Btbr Pahenu2, supplied by Homology Medicines, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
colony of btbr pahenu2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
90/100 stars
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btbr mice  (Charles River Laboratories)
90
Charles River Laboratories btbr mice
Intestinal composition analysis by 16S rRNA sequencing in <t>BTBR</t> ob/ob FMT (+) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice compared to BTBR WT mice. ( A ) Bacterial phyla according to 16S rRNA sequencing of 10- and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and FMT (-) mice compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice: Bacteroidetes , Firmicutes , Proteobacteria , Actinobacteria , Verrucomicrobia , Deferribacteres , and Chloroflex. ( B ) Alpha diversity analysis by Shannon Index in 10-week-old BTBR WT and age-matched BTBR ob/ob mice ( p = 0.24), and among 14-week-old BTBR WT versus BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.21) indicated that the species richness was similar among groups. Results are median and IQR. ( C ) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity metrics did not show any clearly associated clusters in relation to the study animals. Results are median and IQR. ( D ) Butyrate producer Lachnospiraceae bacteria family proportions were similar between 10-week-old BTBR WT and age-matched BTBR ob/ob mice ( p = 0.59), yet higher proportions of these bacteria in 14-week-old BTBR WT compared to 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice (* p = 0.026) were observed. No significant difference was found between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and FMT (-) mice ( p = 0.39). Results are median and IQR. ( E , F ) Assessment of the differences in relative abundance between genotypes effect evaluated by log 2-fold change demonstrated greater relative abundance in the Gammaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiae classes and lower abundance in the Dehalococcoidia and Odoribacteraceae families in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice. The treatment increased the abundance of the Odoribacteraceae family in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice. In all analyses, n = 6/group.
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Systemic treatment with bumetanide alleviated autistic-like behavioral in BTBR mice. (A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. Male BTBR mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with bumetanide (10 mg/kg) or vehicle. (B) Time spent in the social stimulus or empty chamber and total interaction time with stimulus mouse or empty wire during sociability stage (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9, paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. EM; interaction time, * p < 0.05, WT-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. EM; S1 represent stranger stimuli mouse 1, EM represent empty cage). (C) Time spent in familiar or novel stimulus chamber and total interaction time with familiar or novel stimulus mouse during social novelty stage (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9, paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. S2; * p < 0.05, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. S2; interaction time, * p < 0.05 WT-vehicle S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. S2; * p < 0.05, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. S2; S1 represent familiar stimuli mouse 1, S2 represent a novel stranger stimuli mouse 2). (D) Time spent self-grooming in grooming test (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9. one-way ANOVA, F (2,22) =16.77, p < 0.0001, Bonferroni post hoc : *** p <0.001, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR- bumetanide; ** p <0.01; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR-bumetanide). (E) Total distance traveled in the open-field test (n = 8 each group; one-way ANOVA, F (2,21) =6.453, p = 0.0065, Bonferroni post hoc : * p < 0.05, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR-bumetanide). (F) Time spent in the open arms elevated plus maze test (n = 8, each group. One-way ANOVA, F (2,21) = 8.918, p = 0.0016, Bonferroni post hoc : ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR- bumetanide). All Data were presented as mean ± s.e.m.

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Nanoformulated Bumetanide Ameliorates Social Deficiency in BTBR Mice Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870577

Figure Lengend Snippet: Systemic treatment with bumetanide alleviated autistic-like behavioral in BTBR mice. (A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. Male BTBR mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with bumetanide (10 mg/kg) or vehicle. (B) Time spent in the social stimulus or empty chamber and total interaction time with stimulus mouse or empty wire during sociability stage (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9, paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. EM; interaction time, * p < 0.05, WT-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. EM; S1 represent stranger stimuli mouse 1, EM represent empty cage). (C) Time spent in familiar or novel stimulus chamber and total interaction time with familiar or novel stimulus mouse during social novelty stage (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9, paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. S2; * p < 0.05, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. S2; interaction time, * p < 0.05 WT-vehicle S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. S2; * p < 0.05, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. S2; S1 represent familiar stimuli mouse 1, S2 represent a novel stranger stimuli mouse 2). (D) Time spent self-grooming in grooming test (WT-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 9. one-way ANOVA, F (2,22) =16.77, p < 0.0001, Bonferroni post hoc : *** p <0.001, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR- bumetanide; ** p <0.01; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR-bumetanide). (E) Total distance traveled in the open-field test (n = 8 each group; one-way ANOVA, F (2,21) =6.453, p = 0.0065, Bonferroni post hoc : * p < 0.05, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR-bumetanide). (F) Time spent in the open arms elevated plus maze test (n = 8, each group. One-way ANOVA, F (2,21) = 8.918, p = 0.0016, Bonferroni post hoc : ** p < 0.01, WT-vehicle vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant; BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR- bumetanide). All Data were presented as mean ± s.e.m.

Article Snippet: BTBR mice were obtained from Shanghai model organisms center, Inc. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Injection

mPFC region-specific infusion with bumetanide alleviated social deficit in BTBR mice. (A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. Male BTBR mice were administrated with bumetanide (100 μM) or vehicle into mPFC. (B) Top: time spent in the social stimulus or empty chamber and total interaction time with stimulus mouse or empty wire during sociability stage (WT, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 13. paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p < 0.01, WT S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. EM; interaction time, * p < 0.05, WT S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. EM). Bottom: time spent in familiar or novel stimulus chamber and total interaction time with familiar or novel stimulus mouse during social novelty stage (paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p < 0.01, WT S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. S2; * p < 0.05, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. S2; interaction time, * p < 0.05, WT S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. S2; * p < 0.05, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. S2). (C) Total distance traveled in the open field test (WT, n = 7; BTBR-vehicle, n = 7; BT BR-bumetanide, n = 11, one-way ANOVA, F (2,22) = 3.651, p = 0.0427, Bonferroni post hoc : * p < 0.05, WT vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR-bumetanide). (D) Time spent in the open arm during 5 min in elevated zero maze test (WT, n = 7; BTBR-vehicle, n = 7; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 11, one-way ANOVA, F (2,22) = 11.74, p =0.0003, Bonferroni post hoc : *** p <0.001, WT vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR-bumetanide). Data were presented as mean ± s.e.m.

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Nanoformulated Bumetanide Ameliorates Social Deficiency in BTBR Mice Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870577

Figure Lengend Snippet: mPFC region-specific infusion with bumetanide alleviated social deficit in BTBR mice. (A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. Male BTBR mice were administrated with bumetanide (100 μM) or vehicle into mPFC. (B) Top: time spent in the social stimulus or empty chamber and total interaction time with stimulus mouse or empty wire during sociability stage (WT, n = 8; BTBR-vehicle, n = 8; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 13. paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p < 0.01, WT S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. EM; interaction time, * p < 0.05, WT S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. EM). Bottom: time spent in familiar or novel stimulus chamber and total interaction time with familiar or novel stimulus mouse during social novelty stage (paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p < 0.01, WT S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. S2; * p < 0.05, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. S2; interaction time, * p < 0.05, WT S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle S1 vs. S2; * p < 0.05, BTBR-bumetanide S1 vs. S2). (C) Total distance traveled in the open field test (WT, n = 7; BTBR-vehicle, n = 7; BT BR-bumetanide, n = 11, one-way ANOVA, F (2,22) = 3.651, p = 0.0427, Bonferroni post hoc : * p < 0.05, WT vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR-bumetanide). (D) Time spent in the open arm during 5 min in elevated zero maze test (WT, n = 7; BTBR-vehicle, n = 7; BTBR-bumetanide, n = 11, one-way ANOVA, F (2,22) = 11.74, p =0.0003, Bonferroni post hoc : *** p <0.001, WT vs. BTBR-vehicle; N.S., not significant, BTBR-vehicle vs. BTBR-bumetanide). Data were presented as mean ± s.e.m.

Article Snippet: BTBR mice were obtained from Shanghai model organisms center, Inc. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques:

NP(bumetanide) selectively targeting microglia of mPFC in vivo . (A) Schematic representation of the nanoformulated bumetanide experimental procedure. (B) Representative images of the fluorescence staining. NP(bumetanide) (Rhodamine-label, Red), microglia (Iba1, Green), Neuron (NeuN, Green), and astrocyte (GFAP, Green) and merged image in mPFC slices of BTBR mice, and co-localization of NP (bumetanide) and Iba1 are shown as arrow. Scale bar 100 μm.

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Nanoformulated Bumetanide Ameliorates Social Deficiency in BTBR Mice Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870577

Figure Lengend Snippet: NP(bumetanide) selectively targeting microglia of mPFC in vivo . (A) Schematic representation of the nanoformulated bumetanide experimental procedure. (B) Representative images of the fluorescence staining. NP(bumetanide) (Rhodamine-label, Red), microglia (Iba1, Green), Neuron (NeuN, Green), and astrocyte (GFAP, Green) and merged image in mPFC slices of BTBR mice, and co-localization of NP (bumetanide) and Iba1 are shown as arrow. Scale bar 100 μm.

Article Snippet: BTBR mice were obtained from Shanghai model organisms center, Inc. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: In Vivo, Fluorescence, Staining

mPFC region specific administration of NP(bumetanide) alleviated social deficits in BTBR mice. (A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. Male BTBR mice were intra-mPFC infusion of NP(bumetanide) (100 μM) or NP blank. (B) Top: time spent in the social stimulus or empty chamber and total interaction time with stimulus mouse or empty wire during sociability stage (BTBR-NP blank, n = 8; BTBR-NP(bumetanide), n = 12, paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, N.S., not significant, BTBR-NP blank S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-NP(bumetanide) S1 vs. EM; interaction time, N.S., not significant, BTBR-NP blank S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-NP(bumetanide) S1 vs. EM). Bottom: time spent in familiar or novel stimulus chamber and total interaction time with familiar or novel stimulus mouse during social novelty stage (paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, N.S., not significant, BTBR-NP blank S1 vs. S2; * p <0.05, BTBR-NP(bumetanide) S1 vs. S2; interaction time, N.S., not significant, BTBR-NP blank S1 vs. S2; * p <0.05, BTBR-NP(bumetanide) S1 vs. S2). (C) Total distance traveled in the open-field test (BTBR-NP blank, n = 8; BTBR-NP(bumetanide), n = 11, unpaired student t -test, N.S., not significant). (D) Time spent in the open arm in elevated zero maze test (BTBR-NP blank, n = 7; BTBR-NP(bumetanide), n = 11; unpaired student t -test, N.S., not significant). All data were presented as mean ± s.e.m.

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Nanoformulated Bumetanide Ameliorates Social Deficiency in BTBR Mice Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870577

Figure Lengend Snippet: mPFC region specific administration of NP(bumetanide) alleviated social deficits in BTBR mice. (A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. Male BTBR mice were intra-mPFC infusion of NP(bumetanide) (100 μM) or NP blank. (B) Top: time spent in the social stimulus or empty chamber and total interaction time with stimulus mouse or empty wire during sociability stage (BTBR-NP blank, n = 8; BTBR-NP(bumetanide), n = 12, paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, N.S., not significant, BTBR-NP blank S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-NP(bumetanide) S1 vs. EM; interaction time, N.S., not significant, BTBR-NP blank S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR-NP(bumetanide) S1 vs. EM). Bottom: time spent in familiar or novel stimulus chamber and total interaction time with familiar or novel stimulus mouse during social novelty stage (paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, N.S., not significant, BTBR-NP blank S1 vs. S2; * p <0.05, BTBR-NP(bumetanide) S1 vs. S2; interaction time, N.S., not significant, BTBR-NP blank S1 vs. S2; * p <0.05, BTBR-NP(bumetanide) S1 vs. S2). (C) Total distance traveled in the open-field test (BTBR-NP blank, n = 8; BTBR-NP(bumetanide), n = 11, unpaired student t -test, N.S., not significant). (D) Time spent in the open arm in elevated zero maze test (BTBR-NP blank, n = 7; BTBR-NP(bumetanide), n = 11; unpaired student t -test, N.S., not significant). All data were presented as mean ± s.e.m.

Article Snippet: BTBR mice were obtained from Shanghai model organisms center, Inc. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques:

NP(bumetanide) improved social behaviors in BTBR mice necessitate microglia in mPFC. (A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. Male BTBR mice were pretreated diets formulated with PLX3397 (CSF1R antagonist) or control diets for 25 days. NP(bumetanide) was provided for 3 times from day 21 and behavior tests were tested. (B) Representative Iba1 immunofluorescent staining from the mPFC region of CDiet (Left) and PLX3397 (Right)- treated BTBR mice. Scale bar 100 μm. (C) Top: time spent in social stimulus or empty chamber and total interaction time with stimulus mouse or empty wire during sociability stage (WT + CDiet, n = 6; BTBR + CDiet, n = 6; BTBR + PLX3397, n = 9, BTBR + PLX3397 + NP(bumetanide), n = 10, paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p <0.01, WT + CDiet S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR + CDiet S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR+PLX3397 S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR+PLX3397+NP(bumetanide) S1 vs. EM; interaction time, * p <0.05, WT + CDiet S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR + CDiet S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR+PLX3397 S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR+PLX3397+NP(bumetanide). Bottom: time spent in familiar or novel stimulus chamber and total interaction time with familiar or novel stimulus mouse during social novelty stage (paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, * p <0.05, WT + CDiet S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR + CDiet S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR + PLX3397 S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR + PLX3397 + NP(bumetanide) S1 vs. S2; interaction time, * p <0.05, WT + CDiet S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR + CDiet S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR + PLX3397 S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR + PLX3397 + NP(bumetanide) S1 vs. S2). (D) Total distance traveled in the open-field test (WT + CDiet, n = 6; BTBR + CDiet, n= 6; BTBR + PLX3397, n =8; BTBR + PLX3397 + NP(bumetanide), n = 8, one-way ANOVA, F(3,24) = 3.704, p =0.0254, Bonferroni post hoc : * p < 0.05, WT + CDiet vs. BTBR + CDiet; N.S., not significant, BTBR + CDiet vs. BTBR + PLX3397; N.S., not significant, BTBR + CDiet vs. BTBR + PLX3397 + NP(bumetanide). (E) Time spent in the open arm in elevated zero maze test (WT + CDiet, n = 6; BTBR + CDiet, n= 6; BTBR + PLX3397, n =8; BTBR + PLX3397 + NP(bumetanide), n = 8, one-way ANOVA, F(3,24) = 3.326, p =0.0366, Bonferroni post hoc : * p < 0.05, WT + CDiet vs. BTBR + CDiet; N.S., not significant, BTBR + CDiet vs. BTBR + PLX3397; N.S., not significant, BTBR + CDiet vs. BTBR + PLX3397 + NP(bumetanide). Data were presented as mean ± s.e.m.

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Nanoformulated Bumetanide Ameliorates Social Deficiency in BTBR Mice Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870577

Figure Lengend Snippet: NP(bumetanide) improved social behaviors in BTBR mice necessitate microglia in mPFC. (A) Schematic representation of the experimental procedure. Male BTBR mice were pretreated diets formulated with PLX3397 (CSF1R antagonist) or control diets for 25 days. NP(bumetanide) was provided for 3 times from day 21 and behavior tests were tested. (B) Representative Iba1 immunofluorescent staining from the mPFC region of CDiet (Left) and PLX3397 (Right)- treated BTBR mice. Scale bar 100 μm. (C) Top: time spent in social stimulus or empty chamber and total interaction time with stimulus mouse or empty wire during sociability stage (WT + CDiet, n = 6; BTBR + CDiet, n = 6; BTBR + PLX3397, n = 9, BTBR + PLX3397 + NP(bumetanide), n = 10, paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, ** p <0.01, WT + CDiet S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR + CDiet S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR+PLX3397 S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR+PLX3397+NP(bumetanide) S1 vs. EM; interaction time, * p <0.05, WT + CDiet S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR + CDiet S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR+PLX3397 S1 vs. EM; N.S., not significant, BTBR+PLX3397+NP(bumetanide). Bottom: time spent in familiar or novel stimulus chamber and total interaction time with familiar or novel stimulus mouse during social novelty stage (paired Student’s t -test. Time in compartments, * p <0.05, WT + CDiet S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR + CDiet S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR + PLX3397 S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR + PLX3397 + NP(bumetanide) S1 vs. S2; interaction time, * p <0.05, WT + CDiet S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR + CDiet S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR + PLX3397 S1 vs. S2; N.S., not significant, BTBR + PLX3397 + NP(bumetanide) S1 vs. S2). (D) Total distance traveled in the open-field test (WT + CDiet, n = 6; BTBR + CDiet, n= 6; BTBR + PLX3397, n =8; BTBR + PLX3397 + NP(bumetanide), n = 8, one-way ANOVA, F(3,24) = 3.704, p =0.0254, Bonferroni post hoc : * p < 0.05, WT + CDiet vs. BTBR + CDiet; N.S., not significant, BTBR + CDiet vs. BTBR + PLX3397; N.S., not significant, BTBR + CDiet vs. BTBR + PLX3397 + NP(bumetanide). (E) Time spent in the open arm in elevated zero maze test (WT + CDiet, n = 6; BTBR + CDiet, n= 6; BTBR + PLX3397, n =8; BTBR + PLX3397 + NP(bumetanide), n = 8, one-way ANOVA, F(3,24) = 3.326, p =0.0366, Bonferroni post hoc : * p < 0.05, WT + CDiet vs. BTBR + CDiet; N.S., not significant, BTBR + CDiet vs. BTBR + PLX3397; N.S., not significant, BTBR + CDiet vs. BTBR + PLX3397 + NP(bumetanide). Data were presented as mean ± s.e.m.

Article Snippet: BTBR mice were obtained from Shanghai model organisms center, Inc. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Control, Staining

A proposed work model by bumetanide and NP(bumetanide) in the BTBR mice.

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Nanoformulated Bumetanide Ameliorates Social Deficiency in BTBR Mice Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870577

Figure Lengend Snippet: A proposed work model by bumetanide and NP(bumetanide) in the BTBR mice.

Article Snippet: BTBR mice were obtained from Shanghai model organisms center, Inc. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques:

a–d PAH enu2 mice ( n = 6–16/treatment group) were treated with a single IV dose of mRNA-3210, and serum ( n = 9 mice for 0.25 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 0.25 h postdose and n = 8 mice for all other timepoints; n = 9 mice for 0.5 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 0.5 h postdose and n = 8 mice for all other timepoints; n = 9 mice for 1.0 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 0.25 h postdose and n = 8 mice for all other timepoints) and liver hPAH mRNA ( n = 9 mice for 0.25 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose; n = 8 mice for 0.5 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 9 mice at 8 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose; n = 9 mice for 1.0 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose) or hPAH protein concentrations ( n = 10 mice for 0.25 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 7 mice at 96 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose; n = 8 mice for 0.5 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 9 mice at 8 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose; n = 9 mice for 1.0 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose), were assessed at baseline and 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 168 h postdose. d PAH enu2 mice ( n = 8/treatment group) were treated with a single IV dose of mRNA-3210 at 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg or saline (control). Blood Phe levels were assessed at baseline and 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 168 h postdose. enu2 N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, hPAH human phenylalanine hydroxylase, IV intravenous, mRNA messenger RNA, PAH phenylalanine hydroxylase, Phe phenylalanine, PKU phenylketonuria, SD standard deviation. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Characterizing the mechanism of action for mRNA therapeutics for the treatment of propionic acidemia, methylmalonic acidemia, and phenylketonuria

doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-47460-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: a–d PAH enu2 mice ( n = 6–16/treatment group) were treated with a single IV dose of mRNA-3210, and serum ( n = 9 mice for 0.25 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 0.25 h postdose and n = 8 mice for all other timepoints; n = 9 mice for 0.5 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 0.5 h postdose and n = 8 mice for all other timepoints; n = 9 mice for 1.0 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 0.25 h postdose and n = 8 mice for all other timepoints) and liver hPAH mRNA ( n = 9 mice for 0.25 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose; n = 8 mice for 0.5 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 9 mice at 8 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose; n = 9 mice for 1.0 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose) or hPAH protein concentrations ( n = 10 mice for 0.25 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 7 mice at 96 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose; n = 8 mice for 0.5 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 9 mice at 8 h postdose, and n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose; n = 9 mice for 1.0 mg/kg mRNA-3210 at 2 h postdose, n = 8 mice at 8, 24, 48, 96 h postdose, n = 16 mice at 168 h postdose), were assessed at baseline and 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 168 h postdose. d PAH enu2 mice ( n = 8/treatment group) were treated with a single IV dose of mRNA-3210 at 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg or saline (control). Blood Phe levels were assessed at baseline and 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 168 h postdose. enu2 N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, hPAH human phenylalanine hydroxylase, IV intravenous, mRNA messenger RNA, PAH phenylalanine hydroxylase, Phe phenylalanine, PKU phenylketonuria, SD standard deviation. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: For the PKU PK/PD study, PAH enu2 mice aged 11–17 weeks (Jackson Laboratories) were administered single IV doses of mRNA-3210, encoding human PAH at 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg ( n = 6–16/treatment group) or 0.3 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride as control.

Techniques: Saline, Control, Standard Deviation

(A) Graphical representation of experimental design depicting cohorts of neonatal ( n = 10-12 mice/sex/GM) and adult ( n = 20 mice/sex/GM) BTBR mice. (B) Dot plot depicting Chao-1 Index. *** p GM < 0.001, p Sex = 0.002, Two-way ANOVA (C) Dot plot depicting Shannon Index. p GM = 0.867, p Sex = 0.276, Two-way ANVOA (D) Principal coordinate analysis depicting Bray-Curtis dissimilarity between microbial communities. p GM < 0.001, p Sex = 0.063, Two-way PERMANOVA. (E) Dot plot depicting USV rate. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, Tukey post hoc . (F) Principal coordinate analysis depicting Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of the relative abundance of ultrasonic vocalizations. p GM = 0.001, p Sex = 0.044, Two-way PERMANOVA. (G) Stacked bar charts depicting mean relative abundance of call types determined by VocalMat. (H) Dot plot depicting Grooming Index. p GM = 0.321, p Sex = 0.069, Two-way ANVOA. (I) Dot plot depicting Burying Index. p GM = 0.862 p Sex = 0.048, Two-way ANOVA. (J) Dot plot depicting time spent in Stranger (closed circles) or Object (open circles) chambers of social preference test. (K) Tukey box plot depicting Social Preference Index. * p GM = 0.044, p Sex = 0.498, Two-way ANOVA.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Supplier-origin gut microbiomes affect host body weight and select autism-related behaviors

doi: 10.1101/2024.04.01.587648

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Graphical representation of experimental design depicting cohorts of neonatal ( n = 10-12 mice/sex/GM) and adult ( n = 20 mice/sex/GM) BTBR mice. (B) Dot plot depicting Chao-1 Index. *** p GM < 0.001, p Sex = 0.002, Two-way ANOVA (C) Dot plot depicting Shannon Index. p GM = 0.867, p Sex = 0.276, Two-way ANVOA (D) Principal coordinate analysis depicting Bray-Curtis dissimilarity between microbial communities. p GM < 0.001, p Sex = 0.063, Two-way PERMANOVA. (E) Dot plot depicting USV rate. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, Tukey post hoc . (F) Principal coordinate analysis depicting Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of the relative abundance of ultrasonic vocalizations. p GM = 0.001, p Sex = 0.044, Two-way PERMANOVA. (G) Stacked bar charts depicting mean relative abundance of call types determined by VocalMat. (H) Dot plot depicting Grooming Index. p GM = 0.321, p Sex = 0.069, Two-way ANVOA. (I) Dot plot depicting Burying Index. p GM = 0.862 p Sex = 0.048, Two-way ANOVA. (J) Dot plot depicting time spent in Stranger (closed circles) or Object (open circles) chambers of social preference test. (K) Tukey box plot depicting Social Preference Index. * p GM = 0.044, p Sex = 0.498, Two-way ANOVA.

Article Snippet: Our approach leveraged BTBR mice colonized with The Jackson Laboratory- and Envigo-origin GMs.

Techniques:

(A) Graphical representation of cross-fostering experimental design depicting cohorts of neonatal ( n = 10-13 mice/sex/GM) and adult (11-21 mice/sex/GM) BTBR mice. Inset depicts the GM that animals were exposed to pre- and postnatally. (B) Dot plot depicting Chao-1 Index. *** p GM = 0.001, p Sex = 0.401, Two-way ANOVA (C) Dot plot depicting Shannon Index. * p GM = 0.013, p Sex = 0.545, Two-way ANOVA (D) Principal coordinate analysis depicting Bray-Curtis dissimilarity between microbial communities. (E) Dot plot depicting USV rate. p GM = 0.387, p Sex = 0.306, Two-way ANOVA. (F) Principal coordinate analysis depicting Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of the relative abundance of USVs. p GM < 0.001, p Sex = 0.265, Two-way PERMANOVA. (G) Stacked bar charts depicting mean relative abundance of call types determined by VocalMat. (H) Dot plot depicting Grooming Index. p GM = 0.237, p Sex = 0.015, Two-way ANOVA. (I) Dot plot depicting Burying Index. * p GM = 0.049, p Sex = 0.474, Two-way ANOVA. (J) Dot plot depicting time spent in Stranger (closed circles) or Object (open circles) chambers of social preference test. (K) Tukey box plot depicting Social Preference Index. p GM = 0.151, p Sex = 0.741, Two-way ANOVA.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Supplier-origin gut microbiomes affect host body weight and select autism-related behaviors

doi: 10.1101/2024.04.01.587648

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Graphical representation of cross-fostering experimental design depicting cohorts of neonatal ( n = 10-13 mice/sex/GM) and adult (11-21 mice/sex/GM) BTBR mice. Inset depicts the GM that animals were exposed to pre- and postnatally. (B) Dot plot depicting Chao-1 Index. *** p GM = 0.001, p Sex = 0.401, Two-way ANOVA (C) Dot plot depicting Shannon Index. * p GM = 0.013, p Sex = 0.545, Two-way ANOVA (D) Principal coordinate analysis depicting Bray-Curtis dissimilarity between microbial communities. (E) Dot plot depicting USV rate. p GM = 0.387, p Sex = 0.306, Two-way ANOVA. (F) Principal coordinate analysis depicting Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of the relative abundance of USVs. p GM < 0.001, p Sex = 0.265, Two-way PERMANOVA. (G) Stacked bar charts depicting mean relative abundance of call types determined by VocalMat. (H) Dot plot depicting Grooming Index. p GM = 0.237, p Sex = 0.015, Two-way ANOVA. (I) Dot plot depicting Burying Index. * p GM = 0.049, p Sex = 0.474, Two-way ANOVA. (J) Dot plot depicting time spent in Stranger (closed circles) or Object (open circles) chambers of social preference test. (K) Tukey box plot depicting Social Preference Index. p GM = 0.151, p Sex = 0.741, Two-way ANOVA.

Article Snippet: Our approach leveraged BTBR mice colonized with The Jackson Laboratory- and Envigo-origin GMs.

Techniques:

(A) Line plot depicting body weight observed in individual GM Low and GM High BTBR mice. Bold lines represent average body weight. Ribbon represents standard deviation. Inset depicts three-way ANOVA results. (B) Line plot depicting food intake of cages of pair-housed GM Low and GM High BTBR mice. Bold line represents average food intake. Ribbon represents standard deviation. Inset depicts three-way ANOVA results. (C) Dot plot depicting correlation between food intake of cage and body weight of mice within the same cage over the course of the experiment. Lines depict slope of correlation within either GM. Inset depicts correlation test results.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Supplier-origin gut microbiomes affect host body weight and select autism-related behaviors

doi: 10.1101/2024.04.01.587648

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Line plot depicting body weight observed in individual GM Low and GM High BTBR mice. Bold lines represent average body weight. Ribbon represents standard deviation. Inset depicts three-way ANOVA results. (B) Line plot depicting food intake of cages of pair-housed GM Low and GM High BTBR mice. Bold line represents average food intake. Ribbon represents standard deviation. Inset depicts three-way ANOVA results. (C) Dot plot depicting correlation between food intake of cage and body weight of mice within the same cage over the course of the experiment. Lines depict slope of correlation within either GM. Inset depicts correlation test results.

Article Snippet: Our approach leveraged BTBR mice colonized with The Jackson Laboratory- and Envigo-origin GMs.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

(A) Line plot depicting feed efficiency observed in GM Low and GM High BTBR mice. Bold line represents average feed efficiency. Ribbon represents standard deviation. Inset depicts three-way ANOVA results. (B) Line plots depicting distance traveled by GM Low and GM High BTBR mice. Bold line represents average distance travelled. Ribbon represents standard deviation. Inset depicts three-way ANOVA results. (C) Dot plot depicting time fecal energy as determined by bomb calorimetry. p GM = 0.082, p Sex = 0.093, Two-way ANOVA.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Supplier-origin gut microbiomes affect host body weight and select autism-related behaviors

doi: 10.1101/2024.04.01.587648

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Line plot depicting feed efficiency observed in GM Low and GM High BTBR mice. Bold line represents average feed efficiency. Ribbon represents standard deviation. Inset depicts three-way ANOVA results. (B) Line plots depicting distance traveled by GM Low and GM High BTBR mice. Bold line represents average distance travelled. Ribbon represents standard deviation. Inset depicts three-way ANOVA results. (C) Dot plot depicting time fecal energy as determined by bomb calorimetry. p GM = 0.082, p Sex = 0.093, Two-way ANOVA.

Article Snippet: Our approach leveraged BTBR mice colonized with The Jackson Laboratory- and Envigo-origin GMs.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Intestinal composition analysis by 16S rRNA sequencing in BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice compared to BTBR WT mice. ( A ) Bacterial phyla according to 16S rRNA sequencing of 10- and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and FMT (-) mice compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice: Bacteroidetes , Firmicutes , Proteobacteria , Actinobacteria , Verrucomicrobia , Deferribacteres , and Chloroflex. ( B ) Alpha diversity analysis by Shannon Index in 10-week-old BTBR WT and age-matched BTBR ob/ob mice ( p = 0.24), and among 14-week-old BTBR WT versus BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.21) indicated that the species richness was similar among groups. Results are median and IQR. ( C ) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity metrics did not show any clearly associated clusters in relation to the study animals. Results are median and IQR. ( D ) Butyrate producer Lachnospiraceae bacteria family proportions were similar between 10-week-old BTBR WT and age-matched BTBR ob/ob mice ( p = 0.59), yet higher proportions of these bacteria in 14-week-old BTBR WT compared to 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice (* p = 0.026) were observed. No significant difference was found between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and FMT (-) mice ( p = 0.39). Results are median and IQR. ( E , F ) Assessment of the differences in relative abundance between genotypes effect evaluated by log 2-fold change demonstrated greater relative abundance in the Gammaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiae classes and lower abundance in the Dehalococcoidia and Odoribacteraceae families in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice. The treatment increased the abundance of the Odoribacteraceae family in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice. In all analyses, n = 6/group.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Fecal Microbiota Transplant in a Pre-Clinical Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity and Diabetic Kidney Disease

doi: 10.3390/ijms23073842

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intestinal composition analysis by 16S rRNA sequencing in BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice compared to BTBR WT mice. ( A ) Bacterial phyla according to 16S rRNA sequencing of 10- and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and FMT (-) mice compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice: Bacteroidetes , Firmicutes , Proteobacteria , Actinobacteria , Verrucomicrobia , Deferribacteres , and Chloroflex. ( B ) Alpha diversity analysis by Shannon Index in 10-week-old BTBR WT and age-matched BTBR ob/ob mice ( p = 0.24), and among 14-week-old BTBR WT versus BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.21) indicated that the species richness was similar among groups. Results are median and IQR. ( C ) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity metrics did not show any clearly associated clusters in relation to the study animals. Results are median and IQR. ( D ) Butyrate producer Lachnospiraceae bacteria family proportions were similar between 10-week-old BTBR WT and age-matched BTBR ob/ob mice ( p = 0.59), yet higher proportions of these bacteria in 14-week-old BTBR WT compared to 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice (* p = 0.026) were observed. No significant difference was found between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and FMT (-) mice ( p = 0.39). Results are median and IQR. ( E , F ) Assessment of the differences in relative abundance between genotypes effect evaluated by log 2-fold change demonstrated greater relative abundance in the Gammaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiae classes and lower abundance in the Dehalococcoidia and Odoribacteraceae families in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice. The treatment increased the abundance of the Odoribacteraceae family in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice. In all analyses, n = 6/group.

Article Snippet: BTBR ob/ob mice (BTBR.Cg-Lep ob /WiscJ; #004824-JAX Laboratories) homozygous for the leptin gene knockout is a reversible model for T2DM and DKD, characterized, in males, by early development of obesity, hyperphagia, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia (6th week of age), followed by DKD establishment with time-dependent albuminuria (8th week of age), resembling human DKD alterations [ ].

Techniques: Sequencing, Bacteria

Analysis of the functional and metabolic parameters in BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice compared to BTBR WT mice. ( A ) BTBR ob/ob mice showed significantly higher body weight when compared to BTBR WT mice (*** p = 0.0001); however, 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice at all intervals gained less body weight than BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice (Row 1: * p = 0.03, Row 2: * p = 0.02, Row 3: * p = 0.02, Row 4: * p = 0.04, Row 5: * p = 0.01). ( B ) Fasting blood glucose was higher in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice ( p = 0.0001), and between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (**** p < 0.0001). No difference was found between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.78). ( C ) Glycosuria did not change significantly between 10-week-old BTBR WT and age-matched BTBR ob/ob mice ( p = 0.59). However, it was higher between 14-week-old BTBR WT and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) (** p = 0.002) and FMT (+) (** p = 0.02) mice, yet with no significant difference between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). ( D , E ) The body weight of 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice correlated positively to the Verrucomicrobia phylum (r = 0.9; * p = 0.01) ( D ) and Flavonifractor genus (r = 0.88 * p = 0.02) ( E ). ( F ) Body weight of 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice was positively associated with the intestinal Betaproteobacteria class (r = 0.93, ** p = 0.008). ( G ) Plasma insulin was elevated in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (* p = 0.01) and between 14-week-old BTBR WT mice versus BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice (* p = 0.02). No significant difference was found between 14-week-old BTBR WT and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.3) and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). ( H ) Plasma C-peptide was higher in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (* p = 0.01) and between 14-week-old BTBR WT and BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice (* p = 0.02). No significant difference was found between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.05) and 14-week-old BTBR WT and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.79). ( I ) Plasma glucagon did not change significantly between 10-week-old BTBR WT and age-matched BTBR ob/ob mice ( p = 0.57). However, glucagon levels were higher in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice when compared to 14-week-old BTBR WT (* p = 0.02) but not to BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). There was a trend toward higher glucagon levels in BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice in comparison to age-matched BTBR WT mice ( p = 0.05). ( J ) HOMA-IR in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob was elevated when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (* p = 0.02) and between 14-week-old BTBR WT versus BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice (** p = 0.006). However, no difference was observed between 14-week-old BTBR WT and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.2) and between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). ( K ) HOMA-β was significantly higher in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice ( p = 0.01) and did not change significantly between 14-week-old BTBR WT and BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.22 and p > 0.99, respectively). All data are means ± SEM. In all analyses, n = 6/group.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Fecal Microbiota Transplant in a Pre-Clinical Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity and Diabetic Kidney Disease

doi: 10.3390/ijms23073842

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of the functional and metabolic parameters in BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice compared to BTBR WT mice. ( A ) BTBR ob/ob mice showed significantly higher body weight when compared to BTBR WT mice (*** p = 0.0001); however, 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice at all intervals gained less body weight than BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice (Row 1: * p = 0.03, Row 2: * p = 0.02, Row 3: * p = 0.02, Row 4: * p = 0.04, Row 5: * p = 0.01). ( B ) Fasting blood glucose was higher in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice ( p = 0.0001), and between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (**** p < 0.0001). No difference was found between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.78). ( C ) Glycosuria did not change significantly between 10-week-old BTBR WT and age-matched BTBR ob/ob mice ( p = 0.59). However, it was higher between 14-week-old BTBR WT and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) (** p = 0.002) and FMT (+) (** p = 0.02) mice, yet with no significant difference between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). ( D , E ) The body weight of 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice correlated positively to the Verrucomicrobia phylum (r = 0.9; * p = 0.01) ( D ) and Flavonifractor genus (r = 0.88 * p = 0.02) ( E ). ( F ) Body weight of 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice was positively associated with the intestinal Betaproteobacteria class (r = 0.93, ** p = 0.008). ( G ) Plasma insulin was elevated in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (* p = 0.01) and between 14-week-old BTBR WT mice versus BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice (* p = 0.02). No significant difference was found between 14-week-old BTBR WT and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.3) and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). ( H ) Plasma C-peptide was higher in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (* p = 0.01) and between 14-week-old BTBR WT and BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice (* p = 0.02). No significant difference was found between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.05) and 14-week-old BTBR WT and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.79). ( I ) Plasma glucagon did not change significantly between 10-week-old BTBR WT and age-matched BTBR ob/ob mice ( p = 0.57). However, glucagon levels were higher in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice when compared to 14-week-old BTBR WT (* p = 0.02) but not to BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). There was a trend toward higher glucagon levels in BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice in comparison to age-matched BTBR WT mice ( p = 0.05). ( J ) HOMA-IR in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob was elevated when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (* p = 0.02) and between 14-week-old BTBR WT versus BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice (** p = 0.006). However, no difference was observed between 14-week-old BTBR WT and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.2) and between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). ( K ) HOMA-β was significantly higher in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice ( p = 0.01) and did not change significantly between 14-week-old BTBR WT and BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.22 and p > 0.99, respectively). All data are means ± SEM. In all analyses, n = 6/group.

Article Snippet: BTBR ob/ob mice (BTBR.Cg-Lep ob /WiscJ; #004824-JAX Laboratories) homozygous for the leptin gene knockout is a reversible model for T2DM and DKD, characterized, in males, by early development of obesity, hyperphagia, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia (6th week of age), followed by DKD establishment with time-dependent albuminuria (8th week of age), resembling human DKD alterations [ ].

Techniques: Functional Assay, Clinical Proteomics, Comparison

Analysis of morphological and metabolic parameters in BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and FMT (-) mice compared to BTBR WT mice. ( A ) Representative hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of morphological evaluation of pancreatic islets in 10-week-old BTBR WT compared to age-matched BTBR ob/ob mice and 14-week-old BTBR WT compared to BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and FMT (-) mice. Data exhibited hypertrophy of the pancreatic islet in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (** p = 0.005), and between BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) (** p = 0.008) and FMT (+) (* p = 0.01) versus 14-week-old BTBR WT mice. No difference was observed between BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.93). ( B ) Plasma GLP-1 was significantly more elevated in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (* p = 0.01) but did not show a significant difference between 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) ( p = 0.23) and FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). ( C ) Plasma GLP-2 was significantly elevated in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (* p = 0.02 and * p = 0.01, respectively), but no difference was found between BTBR ob/ob 14-week-old FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). ( D ) Plasma PYY was significantly different between 14-week-old BTBR WT and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) (* p = 0.02) mice, although no difference was observed between 14-week-old BTBR WT and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). ( E ) Plasma GIP was significantly higher in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (* p = 0.02 for both), but no difference was found between BTBR ob/ob 14-week-old FMT (-) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). All data are means ± SEM. Scale bars represent 100 µm in ( A ). In all analyses, n = 5–6/group.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Fecal Microbiota Transplant in a Pre-Clinical Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity and Diabetic Kidney Disease

doi: 10.3390/ijms23073842

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of morphological and metabolic parameters in BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and FMT (-) mice compared to BTBR WT mice. ( A ) Representative hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of morphological evaluation of pancreatic islets in 10-week-old BTBR WT compared to age-matched BTBR ob/ob mice and 14-week-old BTBR WT compared to BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and FMT (-) mice. Data exhibited hypertrophy of the pancreatic islet in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (** p = 0.005), and between BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) (** p = 0.008) and FMT (+) (* p = 0.01) versus 14-week-old BTBR WT mice. No difference was observed between BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.93). ( B ) Plasma GLP-1 was significantly more elevated in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (* p = 0.01) but did not show a significant difference between 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) ( p = 0.23) and FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). ( C ) Plasma GLP-2 was significantly elevated in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (* p = 0.02 and * p = 0.01, respectively), but no difference was found between BTBR ob/ob 14-week-old FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). ( D ) Plasma PYY was significantly different between 14-week-old BTBR WT and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) (* p = 0.02) mice, although no difference was observed between 14-week-old BTBR WT and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). ( E ) Plasma GIP was significantly higher in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (* p = 0.02 for both), but no difference was found between BTBR ob/ob 14-week-old FMT (-) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). All data are means ± SEM. Scale bars represent 100 µm in ( A ). In all analyses, n = 5–6/group.

Article Snippet: BTBR ob/ob mice (BTBR.Cg-Lep ob /WiscJ; #004824-JAX Laboratories) homozygous for the leptin gene knockout is a reversible model for T2DM and DKD, characterized, in males, by early development of obesity, hyperphagia, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia (6th week of age), followed by DKD establishment with time-dependent albuminuria (8th week of age), resembling human DKD alterations [ ].

Techniques: Staining, Clinical Proteomics

Functional and morphological evaluation of the kidney, metagenomics analysis, and systemic inflammatory markers. ( A ) Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR; μg/mg) was higher in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice when compared to the UACR of age-matched BTBR WT mice (** p = 0.006). UACR in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice was significantly more elevated when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (** p = 0.007). Additionally, UACR in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice was significantly lower when compared to BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice (* p = 0.03), and no significant difference was found when compared to 14-week-old BTBR WT mice ( p = 0.55). ( B ) Glomerular filtration rate in accordance with treatment and age: 14-week-old BTBR WT versus BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) ( p = 0.26), 14-week-old BTBR WT versus BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) ( p = 0.63), and BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) versus FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.78). ( C , D ) UACR of 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice correlated negatively to the Odoribacteraceae family (r = −0.85; p = 0.034) and Deltaproteobacteria class (r = −0.85; p = 0.034). ( E ) UACR in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice interacted negatively with the Lactobacillales order (r = −0.9; p = 0.02 and r = −0.89; p = 0.04 respectively). ( F ) Representative of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of kidney sections in BTBR WT, BTBR ob/ob FMT (-), and FMT (+) mice between 10 and 14 weeks of age. 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice showed an increase in the accumulation of mesangial matrix when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (** p = 0.002 for both), and FMT did not prevent that structural damage in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob compared to untreated mice ( p = 0.98). ( G ) Fold change of PDGF expression in the kidney in relation to age-matched BTBR WT: 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice was significantly different (* p = 0.02), but no difference was found in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.05), and between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). ( H – J ) Plasma evaluation of systemic inflammatory markers TNF-α ( H ), IL-6 ( I ), and MCP-1 ( J ) had no significant difference in accordance to the age and treatment ( p > 0.99). All data are means ± SEM. Scale bars represent 20 µm in ( F ). In all analyses, n = 5–6/group.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Fecal Microbiota Transplant in a Pre-Clinical Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity and Diabetic Kidney Disease

doi: 10.3390/ijms23073842

Figure Lengend Snippet: Functional and morphological evaluation of the kidney, metagenomics analysis, and systemic inflammatory markers. ( A ) Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR; μg/mg) was higher in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice when compared to the UACR of age-matched BTBR WT mice (** p = 0.006). UACR in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice was significantly more elevated when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (** p = 0.007). Additionally, UACR in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice was significantly lower when compared to BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice (* p = 0.03), and no significant difference was found when compared to 14-week-old BTBR WT mice ( p = 0.55). ( B ) Glomerular filtration rate in accordance with treatment and age: 14-week-old BTBR WT versus BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) ( p = 0.26), 14-week-old BTBR WT versus BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) ( p = 0.63), and BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) versus FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.78). ( C , D ) UACR of 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice correlated negatively to the Odoribacteraceae family (r = −0.85; p = 0.034) and Deltaproteobacteria class (r = −0.85; p = 0.034). ( E ) UACR in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice interacted negatively with the Lactobacillales order (r = −0.9; p = 0.02 and r = −0.89; p = 0.04 respectively). ( F ) Representative of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of kidney sections in BTBR WT, BTBR ob/ob FMT (-), and FMT (+) mice between 10 and 14 weeks of age. 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice showed an increase in the accumulation of mesangial matrix when compared to age-matched BTBR WT mice (** p = 0.002 for both), and FMT did not prevent that structural damage in 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob compared to untreated mice ( p = 0.98). ( G ) Fold change of PDGF expression in the kidney in relation to age-matched BTBR WT: 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice was significantly different (* p = 0.02), but no difference was found in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.05), and between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). ( H – J ) Plasma evaluation of systemic inflammatory markers TNF-α ( H ), IL-6 ( I ), and MCP-1 ( J ) had no significant difference in accordance to the age and treatment ( p > 0.99). All data are means ± SEM. Scale bars represent 20 µm in ( F ). In all analyses, n = 5–6/group.

Article Snippet: BTBR ob/ob mice (BTBR.Cg-Lep ob /WiscJ; #004824-JAX Laboratories) homozygous for the leptin gene knockout is a reversible model for T2DM and DKD, characterized, in males, by early development of obesity, hyperphagia, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia (6th week of age), followed by DKD establishment with time-dependent albuminuria (8th week of age), resembling human DKD alterations [ ].

Techniques: Functional Assay, Filtration, Staining, Expressing, Clinical Proteomics

Immunohistochemical analysis of WT-1, total caspase, cleaved caspase-3, and 4-hydroxy-2-noneal (4-HNE) in the kidneys of BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice compared to BTBR WT mice. ( A ) BTBR ob/ob mice exhibited lower detection of WT-1 + cells in all ages when compared to BTBR WT mice: 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob and age-matched BTBR WT mice (** p = 0.004), 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) (*** p = 0.0007) and FMT (+) (*** p = 0.0001) mice. FMT did not prevent a decrease in the podocyte number ( p = 0.93). ( B ) Fold change of WT-1 expression in the kidney in relation to age-matched BTBR WT: 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice was significantly different (* p = 0.03), but no difference was found in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.16), and between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.62). ( C ) Immunohistochemical analysis for lipid-related oxidative stress was not significantly different between 10-week-old and BTBR ob/ob and age-matched BTBR WT mice ( p = 0.7), and 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice ( p = 0.89), 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.1), and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.16). ( D ) Immunohistochemical analysis for total caspase showed no significant difference according to age and treatment: 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob versus age-matched BTBR WT mice ( p = 0.7), 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice ( p = 0.09), 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.57), and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.85). ( E ) Immunohistochemical analysis for cleaved caspase-3 showed a significant difference between 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob and age-matched BTBR WT mice (* p = 0.03), but no significant difference was found between 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice ( p > 0.99), 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.99), and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.99). Scale bars represent 10 µm in ( A ) and 20 µm in ( C – E ). All data are means ± SEM. In all analyses, n = 5–6/group.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Fecal Microbiota Transplant in a Pre-Clinical Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity and Diabetic Kidney Disease

doi: 10.3390/ijms23073842

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical analysis of WT-1, total caspase, cleaved caspase-3, and 4-hydroxy-2-noneal (4-HNE) in the kidneys of BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice compared to BTBR WT mice. ( A ) BTBR ob/ob mice exhibited lower detection of WT-1 + cells in all ages when compared to BTBR WT mice: 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob and age-matched BTBR WT mice (** p = 0.004), 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) (*** p = 0.0007) and FMT (+) (*** p = 0.0001) mice. FMT did not prevent a decrease in the podocyte number ( p = 0.93). ( B ) Fold change of WT-1 expression in the kidney in relation to age-matched BTBR WT: 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice was significantly different (* p = 0.03), but no difference was found in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.16), and between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.62). ( C ) Immunohistochemical analysis for lipid-related oxidative stress was not significantly different between 10-week-old and BTBR ob/ob and age-matched BTBR WT mice ( p = 0.7), and 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice ( p = 0.89), 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.1), and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.16). ( D ) Immunohistochemical analysis for total caspase showed no significant difference according to age and treatment: 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob versus age-matched BTBR WT mice ( p = 0.7), 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice ( p = 0.09), 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.57), and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.85). ( E ) Immunohistochemical analysis for cleaved caspase-3 showed a significant difference between 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob and age-matched BTBR WT mice (* p = 0.03), but no significant difference was found between 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice ( p > 0.99), 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.99), and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.99). Scale bars represent 10 µm in ( A ) and 20 µm in ( C – E ). All data are means ± SEM. In all analyses, n = 5–6/group.

Article Snippet: BTBR ob/ob mice (BTBR.Cg-Lep ob /WiscJ; #004824-JAX Laboratories) homozygous for the leptin gene knockout is a reversible model for T2DM and DKD, characterized, in males, by early development of obesity, hyperphagia, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia (6th week of age), followed by DKD establishment with time-dependent albuminuria (8th week of age), resembling human DKD alterations [ ].

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing

Evaluation of gene expression and morphological aspects of intestinal crypts and villi in BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice compared to BTBR WT mice. ( A ) Fold change of TNF-α expression in the ileum from age-matched BTBR WT: TNF-α expression of 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice was significantly downregulated when compared to 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice (** p = 0.004) and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice (* p = 0.02). No significant difference was found between 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice ( p = 0.76). ( B ) Representative hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of the morphological evaluation of ileum crypts from 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob compared to age-matched BTBR WT showed no difference in crypt height ( p = 0.08), also from 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) ( p = 0.49) and FMT (+) ( p > 0.99) mice. No difference was observed between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). Furthermore, no difference was found in the villi of this segment in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice and age-matched BTBR WT mice ( p = 0.16), and between 14-week-old BTBR WT and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice FMT (-) ( p > 0.99) and FMT (+) ( p > 0.99) mice. No difference was observed between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.99). ( C ) Fold change of TNF-α expression in the ascending colon relative to age-matched BTBR WT: TNF-α expression of 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice was significantly downregulated when compared to 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice (** p = 0.0014), but was not significantly different from 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice ( p = 0.1). ( D ) Representative hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining from morphological assessment of ascending colon crypts in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice and age-matched BTBR WT and 14-week-old BTBR WT mice in comparison to BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice. The data showed no difference in the height of 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob crypts when compared to age-matched BTBR WT ( p = 0.18) mice and between 14-week-old BTBR WT and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) ( p > 0.99) and FMT (+) ( p = 0.99) mice. There was no difference between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.99). All data are means ± SEM. Scale bars represent 50 µm in ( B ) and 20 µm in ( D ). In all analyses, n = 5–6/group.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Fecal Microbiota Transplant in a Pre-Clinical Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity and Diabetic Kidney Disease

doi: 10.3390/ijms23073842

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of gene expression and morphological aspects of intestinal crypts and villi in BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice compared to BTBR WT mice. ( A ) Fold change of TNF-α expression in the ileum from age-matched BTBR WT: TNF-α expression of 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice was significantly downregulated when compared to 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice (** p = 0.004) and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice (* p = 0.02). No significant difference was found between 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice ( p = 0.76). ( B ) Representative hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of the morphological evaluation of ileum crypts from 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob compared to age-matched BTBR WT showed no difference in crypt height ( p = 0.08), also from 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) ( p = 0.49) and FMT (+) ( p > 0.99) mice. No difference was observed between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p > 0.99). Furthermore, no difference was found in the villi of this segment in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice and age-matched BTBR WT mice ( p = 0.16), and between 14-week-old BTBR WT and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice FMT (-) ( p > 0.99) and FMT (+) ( p > 0.99) mice. No difference was observed between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.99). ( C ) Fold change of TNF-α expression in the ascending colon relative to age-matched BTBR WT: TNF-α expression of 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) mice was significantly downregulated when compared to 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice (** p = 0.0014), but was not significantly different from 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice ( p = 0.1). ( D ) Representative hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining from morphological assessment of ascending colon crypts in 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob mice and age-matched BTBR WT and 14-week-old BTBR WT mice in comparison to BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice. The data showed no difference in the height of 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob crypts when compared to age-matched BTBR WT ( p = 0.18) mice and between 14-week-old BTBR WT and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) ( p > 0.99) and FMT (+) ( p = 0.99) mice. There was no difference between 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) and FMT (+) mice ( p = 0.99). All data are means ± SEM. Scale bars represent 50 µm in ( B ) and 20 µm in ( D ). In all analyses, n = 5–6/group.

Article Snippet: BTBR ob/ob mice (BTBR.Cg-Lep ob /WiscJ; #004824-JAX Laboratories) homozygous for the leptin gene knockout is a reversible model for T2DM and DKD, characterized, in males, by early development of obesity, hyperphagia, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia (6th week of age), followed by DKD establishment with time-dependent albuminuria (8th week of age), resembling human DKD alterations [ ].

Techniques: Gene Expression, Expressing, Staining, Comparison

Immunohistochemical evaluation of claudin-1 and occludin proteins in ileum and ascending colon in BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice compared to BTBR WT mice. ( A ) Claudin-1 evaluation in the ileum crypts showed no significant difference according to age and treatment (all p > 0.99). Likewise, detection of claudin-1 in ileum villi was not statistically significant: 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) ( p > 0.99) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) ( p = 0.97) mice, and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) versus FMT (+) ( p = 0.99) mice. ( B ) Claudin-1 expression in ascending colon crypts was not different among mice, regardless of age and treatment (all p > 0.99). ( C ) Occludin expression in ileum crypts was not significantly different between 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) ( p = 0.79) and FMT (+) ( p > 0.99) mice, and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) versus FMT (+) ( p > 0.99) mice. In ileum villi, occludin expression was not different between 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT(-) and FMT (+) ( p > 0.99 for both) mice, and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT(-) versus FMT (+) ( p > 0.99) mice. ( D ) Occludin expression in the ascending colon crypt was significantly different between 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob and age-matched BTBR WT mice (* p = 0.01), but not significantly different between 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) ( p = 0.06) and FMT (+) ( p = 0.27) mice, and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) versus FMT (+) ( p = 0.96) mice. All data are means ± SEM. Scale bars represent 100 µm in ( A – D ). All data are means ± SEM. In all analyses, n = 4–6/group.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Fecal Microbiota Transplant in a Pre-Clinical Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity and Diabetic Kidney Disease

doi: 10.3390/ijms23073842

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical evaluation of claudin-1 and occludin proteins in ileum and ascending colon in BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) mice compared to BTBR WT mice. ( A ) Claudin-1 evaluation in the ileum crypts showed no significant difference according to age and treatment (all p > 0.99). Likewise, detection of claudin-1 in ileum villi was not statistically significant: 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) ( p > 0.99) and BTBR ob/ob FMT (+) ( p = 0.97) mice, and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) versus FMT (+) ( p = 0.99) mice. ( B ) Claudin-1 expression in ascending colon crypts was not different among mice, regardless of age and treatment (all p > 0.99). ( C ) Occludin expression in ileum crypts was not significantly different between 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) ( p = 0.79) and FMT (+) ( p > 0.99) mice, and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) versus FMT (+) ( p > 0.99) mice. In ileum villi, occludin expression was not different between 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT(-) and FMT (+) ( p > 0.99 for both) mice, and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT(-) versus FMT (+) ( p > 0.99) mice. ( D ) Occludin expression in the ascending colon crypt was significantly different between 10-week-old BTBR ob/ob and age-matched BTBR WT mice (* p = 0.01), but not significantly different between 14-week-old BTBR WT versus 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) ( p = 0.06) and FMT (+) ( p = 0.27) mice, and 14-week-old BTBR ob/ob FMT (-) versus FMT (+) ( p = 0.96) mice. All data are means ± SEM. Scale bars represent 100 µm in ( A – D ). All data are means ± SEM. In all analyses, n = 4–6/group.

Article Snippet: BTBR ob/ob mice (BTBR.Cg-Lep ob /WiscJ; #004824-JAX Laboratories) homozygous for the leptin gene knockout is a reversible model for T2DM and DKD, characterized, in males, by early development of obesity, hyperphagia, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia (6th week of age), followed by DKD establishment with time-dependent albuminuria (8th week of age), resembling human DKD alterations [ ].

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing