Journal: Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Cuban Policosanol (Raydel ® ) Exerts Higher Antioxidant and Anti-Glycation Activities than Chinese Policosanol (BOC Sciences) in Reconstituted High-Density Lipoproteins: In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activities in Zebrafish and Its Embryos.

doi: 10.3390/ph17040406

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Comparative antioxidant potential of rHDL-containing policosanol to prevent cupric-ion- mediate oxidative damage of LDL. (A) Electrophoresis of LDL (10 µg of protein) treated with rHDL (0.5 µg of protein) comprising different origins of policosanols in 0.5% agarose gel using Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0) at 50 V for 1 h. The separated bands of the apo-B fraction of LDL were stained using Coomassie brilliant blue (final 1.25%). The band positions of native LDL and oxidized LDL are indicated by a blue arrowhead and a red arrowhead, respectively. Lane N, native LDL; lane O, oxidized LDL (LDL + Cu2+); lane 0, LDL + Cu2+ + rHDL-0; lane 1, LDL + Cu2+ + rHDL-1; lane 2, LDL + Cu2+ + rHDL-2. (B) Quantification of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in LDL challenged with cupric ion and subsequently treated with rHDL comprising policosanol. The values are represented as malondialdehyde (MDA, µM) in LDL using the MDA standard. The values in the bar graph represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. A pairwise statistical difference was established using a t-test by comparing the results with the ox-LDL value. *, p < 0.05 versus ox-LDL; **, p < 0.01 versus ox-LDL; ns, no significant.

Article Snippet: In conclusion, Cuban policosanol (Raydel®) has more desirable properties for the in vitro synthesis of rHDL with stronger anti-glycation and antioxidant activities than those of Chinese policosanol (BOC Sciences).

Techniques: Electrophoresis, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Staining

Journal: Biosensors

Article Title: Rapid Surface Charge Mapping Based on a Liquid Crystal Microchip.

doi: 10.3390/bios14040199

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Illustration of the fabrication process flow for the microchip. Fabrication steps include (a) start with a bare ITO substrate, (b) spin-coat photoresist, (c) apply 1st photolithography, (d) pho- toresist exposure and development, (e) spin coat photoresist on micropillar array, (f) apply 2nd photolithography, (g) 2nd photoresist exposure and development, (h) fill in liquid crystal into micro- grid, and (i) attach PDMS well.

Article Snippet: As shown in Figure 1, the microchip consists of the following components: (1) a micropillar array made of photoresist serving as the support for an object to be measured; (2) liquid crystal (Liquid crystal mixture E7, CAS 63748-28-7, BOC Sciences, Shirley, NY, USA) filling the gaps between the micropillar structures; (3) a photoresist micro grid to Biosensors 2024, 14, 199 4 of 12 constrain the liquid crystal; and (4) a PDMS well to accommodate the counter and reference electrodes.

Techniques: MicroChIP Assay

Journal:

Article Title: An enantioselective, modular, and general route to the cytochalasins: Synthesis of L-696,474 and cytochalasin B

doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402111101

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reaction conditions. a: (1S,2S)-1,2-cyclohexanediamino-N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)cobalt(II), AcOH, H2O (0.45 eq), 0°C → 23°C, 41% (45% theoretical yield). b: tert-Butyldimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, Et3N, CH2Cl2,0°C → 23°C. c: H2,Pd/C, EtOAc, 23°C, 79% (two steps). d: PPh3, I2, imidazole, CH2Cl2, 23°C, 86%. e: Dess–Martin periodinane, CH2Cl2, 23°C. f: TsNHNH2, THF, 23°C, 94% (two steps). g: tert-Butyldimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, Et3N, THF, -78°C. h: 32, tert-BuLi, Et2O, -78°C; 34, THF; AcOH, CF3CH2OH, -78°C → 23°C, 90% (two steps). i: H2, Pd/C, EtOAc, 23°C, 87%. j: 1-Phenyl-1H-tetrazole-5-thiol, PPh3, diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD), THF, 23°C, 90%. k: m-Chloroperbenzoic acid, NaHCO3, CH2Cl2, 23°C, 84%.

Article Snippet: Ring closure within substrate 3 was achieved by using the conditions developed for the closure of substrate 11 discussed above, albeit at lower temperature (23°C vs. 80°C), and provided the macrolactone 40 in 65% yield. fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Scheme 7. caption a7 Reaction conditions. a: Dess–Martin periodinane, NaHCO 3 , CH 2 Cl 2 ,23°C. b: 5 , KHMDS, THF, -78°C; 4 , -100°C → -40°C, 60% (two steps). c: Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, THF, -78°C; BOC 2 O, -78°C → -40°C, 80%. d: KHMDS, THF, -78°C; trans -2-(phenylsulfonyl)-3-phenyloxaziridine, -100°C → -78°C, 85%. e: Diethylphosphonoacetic acid, 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, CH 2 Cl 2 , 23°C, 81%. f: HF·pyridine, THF, -20°C, 69%. g: Dess–Martin periodinane, NaHCO 3 , CH 2 Cl 2 , 23°C. h: NaOCH 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CH 2 OH, DME, 23°C, 65% (two steps). i: Mg(OCH 3 ) 2 ,CH 3 OH, 23°C, 95%. j: TBAF, THF, 23°C, 96%. k: MgSO 4 , benzene, 70°C, 66%.

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: An enantioselective, modular, and general route to the cytochalasins: Synthesis of L-696,474 and cytochalasin B

doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402111101

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reaction conditions. a: Dimethyldioxirane, acetone, 23°C, 95%. b: Dess–Martin periodinane, NaHCO3,CH2Cl2,23°C. c: 10, KHMDS, THF, -78°C; 9, -100°C → -40°C, 86% (two steps). d: (CH3O)2POCH2Li, THF, -78°C → 23°C. e: TBAF, AcOH, THF, 23°C, 81% (two steps). f: Dess–Martin periodinane, NaHCO3,CH2Cl2,23°C. g: NaOCH2CF3,CF3CH2OH, DME, 80°C, 52% (two steps, 5:1 mixture of diastereomers). h: CeCl3·7H2O, NaBH4, THF–CH3OH, -40°C. i: Ac2O, pyridine, 23°C, 86% (two steps). j: MgSO4, benzene, 60°C, 77%.

Article Snippet: Ring closure within substrate 3 was achieved by using the conditions developed for the closure of substrate 11 discussed above, albeit at lower temperature (23°C vs. 80°C), and provided the macrolactone 40 in 65% yield. fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Scheme 7. caption a7 Reaction conditions. a: Dess–Martin periodinane, NaHCO 3 , CH 2 Cl 2 ,23°C. b: 5 , KHMDS, THF, -78°C; 4 , -100°C → -40°C, 60% (two steps). c: Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, THF, -78°C; BOC 2 O, -78°C → -40°C, 80%. d: KHMDS, THF, -78°C; trans -2-(phenylsulfonyl)-3-phenyloxaziridine, -100°C → -78°C, 85%. e: Diethylphosphonoacetic acid, 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, CH 2 Cl 2 , 23°C, 81%. f: HF·pyridine, THF, -20°C, 69%. g: Dess–Martin periodinane, NaHCO 3 , CH 2 Cl 2 , 23°C. h: NaOCH 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CH 2 OH, DME, 23°C, 65% (two steps). i: Mg(OCH 3 ) 2 ,CH 3 OH, 23°C, 95%. j: TBAF, THF, 23°C, 96%. k: MgSO 4 , benzene, 70°C, 66%.

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: An enantioselective, modular, and general route to the cytochalasins: Synthesis of L-696,474 and cytochalasin B

doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402111101

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reaction conditions. a: Dess–Martin periodinane, NaHCO3, CH2Cl2,23°C. b: 5, KHMDS, THF, -78°C; 4, -100°C → -40°C, 60% (two steps). c: Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, THF, -78°C; BOC2O, -78°C → -40°C, 80%. d: KHMDS, THF, -78°C; trans-2-(phenylsulfonyl)-3-phenyloxaziridine, -100°C → -78°C, 85%. e: Diethylphosphonoacetic acid, 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, CH2Cl2, 23°C, 81%. f: HF·pyridine, THF, -20°C, 69%. g: Dess–Martin periodinane, NaHCO3, CH2Cl2, 23°C. h: NaOCH2CF3, CF3CH2OH, DME, 23°C, 65% (two steps). i: Mg(OCH3)2,CH3OH, 23°C, 95%. j: TBAF, THF, 23°C, 96%. k: MgSO4, benzene, 70°C, 66%.

Article Snippet: Ring closure within substrate 3 was achieved by using the conditions developed for the closure of substrate 11 discussed above, albeit at lower temperature (23°C vs. 80°C), and provided the macrolactone 40 in 65% yield. fig ft0 fig mode=article f1 fig/graphic|fig/alternatives/graphic mode="anchored" m1 Open in a separate window Scheme 7. caption a7 Reaction conditions. a: Dess–Martin periodinane, NaHCO 3 , CH 2 Cl 2 ,23°C. b: 5 , KHMDS, THF, -78°C; 4 , -100°C → -40°C, 60% (two steps). c: Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, THF, -78°C; BOC 2 O, -78°C → -40°C, 80%. d: KHMDS, THF, -78°C; trans -2-(phenylsulfonyl)-3-phenyloxaziridine, -100°C → -78°C, 85%. e: Diethylphosphonoacetic acid, 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, CH 2 Cl 2 , 23°C, 81%. f: HF·pyridine, THF, -20°C, 69%. g: Dess–Martin periodinane, NaHCO 3 , CH 2 Cl 2 , 23°C. h: NaOCH 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CH 2 OH, DME, 23°C, 65% (two steps). i: Mg(OCH 3 ) 2 ,CH 3 OH, 23°C, 95%. j: TBAF, THF, 23°C, 96%. k: MgSO 4 , benzene, 70°C, 66%.

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: N -formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) production on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human neutrophils

doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00631.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN; 3 × 106/ml) were sequentially treated with fMLP (10−6m) and LPS (5 μg/ml) in the absence or presence of N-t-BOC-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe (N-t-BOC; 10−4m) or pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis (PT; 500 ng/ml). All supernatants were collected 18 h after the addition of LPS and assayed for TNF-α activity on L-929 cells

Article Snippet: Reagents Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (LPS), FITC-labelled LPS from E. coli O111:B4 (FITC-LPS), polymixin B, actinomycin D, fMLP, N -t-BOC-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe ( N -t-BOC), pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis (PT), polyclonal antibodies anti-TNF-α, FITC-conjugated F(ab′) 2 goat anti-mouse IgG (Fc-specific) and FITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal:

Article Title: N -formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) production on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human neutrophils

doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00631.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) CD14 expression and (b) FITC-LPS binding of fMLP-treated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). PMN were treated (––) or not (·····) with fMLP (10−6m) for 1 h at 37°C. Then the cells were incubated with FITC-LPS (1 μg/106 PMN) during 1 h at 37°C or with MoAb anti-CD14 (0.4 μg/106 PMN) for 30 min at 4°C followed by goat anti-mouse IgG-FITC. Fluorescence intensity of 10 000 cells was analysed for each sample. The solid thin graphs represent the background fluorescence of cells incubated with (a) an isotype-matched IgG2b control MoAb and (b) buffer. Abscissa, Fluorescence intensity; ordinate, number of cells.

Article Snippet: Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (LPS), FITC-labelled LPS from E. coli O111:B4 (FITC-LPS), polymixin B, actinomycin D, fMLP, N -t-BOC-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe ( N -t-BOC), pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis (PT), polyclonal antibodies anti-TNF-α, FITC-conjugated F(ab′) 2 goat anti-mouse IgG (Fc-specific) and FITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO).

Techniques: Expressing, Binding Assay, Incubation, Fluorescence

Journal:

Article Title: N -formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) production on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human neutrophils

doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00631.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: CD11/CD18 expression of fMLP-treated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). PMN were treated (––) or not (·····) with fMLP (10−6m) for 1 h at 37°C. Then the cells (106) were incubated for 30 min at 4°C with 3 μl of MoAbs FITC–anti-CD18, FITC–anti-CD11a/CD18, PE–anti-CD11b/CD18, or PE–anti-CD11c/CD18. Fluorescence intensity of 10 000 cells was analysed for each sample. Abscissa, Fluorescence intensity: FL-1, FITC; FL-2, PE; ordinate, number of cells.

Article Snippet: Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (LPS), FITC-labelled LPS from E. coli O111:B4 (FITC-LPS), polymixin B, actinomycin D, fMLP, N -t-BOC-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe ( N -t-BOC), pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis (PT), polyclonal antibodies anti-TNF-α, FITC-conjugated F(ab′) 2 goat anti-mouse IgG (Fc-specific) and FITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO).

Techniques: Expressing, Incubation, Fluorescence

Journal:

Article Title: N -formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) production on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human neutrophils

doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00631.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: FACS analysis of IFN-γ-treated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). (a) PMN were treated (·····) or not (––) with IFN-γ (100 U/ml) for 1 h at 37°C. Then the cells were incubated with FITC-LPS (1 μg/106 PMN) during 1 h at 37°C (b) or with MoAb anti-CD14 (0.4 μg/106 PMN) for 30 min at 4°C followed by goat anti-mouse IgG-FITC (a). Fluorescence intensity of 10 000 cells was analysed for each sample. The solid thin graphs represent the background fluorescence of cells incubated with (a) an isotype-matched IgG2b control MoAb and (b) buffer.

Article Snippet: Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (LPS), FITC-labelled LPS from E. coli O111:B4 (FITC-LPS), polymixin B, actinomycin D, fMLP, N -t-BOC-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe ( N -t-BOC), pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis (PT), polyclonal antibodies anti-TNF-α, FITC-conjugated F(ab′) 2 goat anti-mouse IgG (Fc-specific) and FITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO).

Techniques: Incubation, Fluorescence

Journal:

Article Title: N -formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) production on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human neutrophils

doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00631.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of fMLP on the expression of membrane TNF-α. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN; 3 × 106/ml) were treated with fMLP (10−6 m) during 15 min and then stimulated with LPS (5 μg/ml) for 1 h at 37°C. After washing, the cells (106 PMN) were incubated during 30 min at 4°C with 25 μg/ml of an anti-TNF-α polyclonal antibody, followed by goat anti-rabbit FITC-IgG. The solid thin graph represent the background fluorescence of non-stimulated cells (control). The solid histogram was obtained using, as a control, a normal rabbit IgG. Fluorescence intensity of 10 000 cells was analysed for each sample.

Article Snippet: Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (LPS), FITC-labelled LPS from E. coli O111:B4 (FITC-LPS), polymixin B, actinomycin D, fMLP, N -t-BOC-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe ( N -t-BOC), pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis (PT), polyclonal antibodies anti-TNF-α, FITC-conjugated F(ab′) 2 goat anti-mouse IgG (Fc-specific) and FITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO).

Techniques: Expressing, Incubation, Fluorescence