Journal: Frontiers in cellular neuroscience

Article Title: Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Autophagy Mediates Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Survival. Modulation by the Phospholipase D Pathway.

doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00154

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 6 | Role of phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms 1 and 2 in the autophagic process of RPE cells. D407 cells were pre-incubated with PLD1 or PLD2 selective inhibitors (PLD1i and PLD2i, 5 µM) or vehicle (DMSO) prior to incubation with LPS (10 µg/ml) or under control condition for 24 h. Immunofluorescence assays were performed to determine LC3B-positive punctate structures. Cells were stained with DAPI to visualize the nuclear structure. Scale bar = 10 µm. Bar graph shows the percentage of cells presenting LC3B-positive punctate structures in each condition. Graph shows the mean percentage ± SD. Dots indicate individual values from four independent experiments (n = 4). Asterisks (∗) indicate significant differences with respect to control condition (∗∗∗p < 0.001). Number signs (#) indicate significant differences between indicated conditions (#p < 0.05; ###p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: VU0359595 (PLD1i) and VU0285655-1 (PLD2i) were from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA).

Techniques: Incubation, Control, Staining

Journal: Frontiers in cellular neuroscience

Article Title: Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Autophagy Mediates Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Survival. Modulation by the Phospholipase D Pathway.

doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00154

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 7 | WBs were performed and analyzed as described in “Materials and Methods” section in order to determine LC3B-II levels in D407 cells pre-incubated with PLD1i (0.5 µM), PLD2i (0.5 µM) or vehicle (DMSO) prior to incubation with LPS (25 µg/ml) or under control condition for 24 h. The bar graph shows the densitometry values of LC3B-II/α-Tubulin. Dots indicate individual values from four independent experiments (n = 4). Results are expressed as arbitrary units. Asterisks (∗) indicate significant differences with respect to control condition (∗∗∗p < 0.001). Number signs (#) indicate significant differences with respect to LPS control condition (#p < 0.05; ##p < 0.01).

Article Snippet: VU0359595 (PLD1i) and VU0285655-1 (PLD2i) were from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA).

Techniques: Incubation, Control

Journal: Frontiers in cellular neuroscience

Article Title: Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Autophagy Mediates Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Survival. Modulation by the Phospholipase D Pathway.

doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00154

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 8 | (A) Effect of autophagy inhibitors on cell viability. D407 cells were pre-incubated with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), LY294002 or vehicle (DMSO) prior to LPS (10 or 25 µg/ml) or control condition exposure for 48 h. (B) Effect of PLD inhibitors on cell viability. D407 cells were pre-incubated with PLD1i (5 µM), PLD2i (5 µM) or vehicle (DMSO) prior to LPS (10 µg/ml) or control condition exposure for 48 h. For (A,B), cell viability was evaluated using the MTT reduction assay, as described in “Materials and Methods” section expressed as arbitrary units. Dots indicate individual values from different experiments (n ≥6). Asterisks (∗) indicate significant differences with respect to control condition (vehicle; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.0001). Number signs (#) indicate significant differences with respect to each LPS (vehicle) condition (###p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: VU0359595 (PLD1i) and VU0285655-1 (PLD2i) were from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA).

Techniques: Incubation, Control, MTT Reduction Assay

Journal: Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin

Article Title: Pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of tetrahydropalmatine and tetrahydroberberine after oral administration of DA-9701, a new botanical gastroprokinetic agent, in rats.

doi: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00678

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. Chemical Structures of Tetrahydropalmatine (THP; A) and Tetrahydroberberine (THB; B)

Article Snippet: THP (purity 99.1%) and THB (purity 97.2%) were obtained from ChromaDex (Irvine, CA, U.S.A.).

Techniques:

Journal: Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin

Article Title: Pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of tetrahydropalmatine and tetrahydroberberine after oral administration of DA-9701, a new botanical gastroprokinetic agent, in rats.

doi: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00678

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. Mean Plasma and Brain Concentration–Time Profiles of THP (A) and THB (B), and Their Brain-to-Plasma Concentration (Br/P) Ratios (C) Following Single Oral Administration of 328 mg/kg DA-9701 (Equivalent to 1.5 mg/kg THP and 0.39 mg/kg THB; n=3 at Each Time Point)

Article Snippet: THP (purity 99.1%) and THB (purity 97.2%) were obtained from ChromaDex (Irvine, CA, U.S.A.).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Concentration Assay

Journal: Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin

Article Title: Pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of tetrahydropalmatine and tetrahydroberberine after oral administration of DA-9701, a new botanical gastroprokinetic agent, in rats.

doi: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00678

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Mean Plasma and Brain Concentration–Time Profiles of THP (A) and THB (B), and Their Brain-to-Plasma Concentration (Br/P) Ratios (C) Following Multiple Oral Administration of DA-9701 (150 mg/kg/d of DA-9701 for 7 d; Equivalent to 0.77 mg/kg/d as THP and 0.21 mg/kg/d as THB; n=4 at Each Time Point)

Article Snippet: THP (purity 99.1%) and THB (purity 97.2%) were obtained from ChromaDex (Irvine, CA, U.S.A.).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Concentration Assay