Journal: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Article Title: A Multi-Ingredient Nutritional Supplement in Combination With Resistance Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cognitive Function and Increases N -3 Index in Healthy Older Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial

doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00107

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental design. Participants consumed either an experimental supplement (SUPP) or control (CON) beverage twice per day for 20 weeks (weeks 0–19, inclusive). Between weeks 7–18 (inclusive), participants completed a 12-week exercise training program. Exercise training consisted of RET twice weekly (Mondays and Fridays) and HIIT once per week (Wednesdays). At weeks –1 (baseline), 6, and 19 we assessed cognitive function and obtained a blood sample for the measurement of BDNF, 25(OH)D, and erythrocyte plasma membrane phospholipid composition. Phase 1: SUPP/CON took place between weeks 0–6, and Phase 2: SUPP/CON + EX took place between weeks 7–19. SUPP, supplement; CON, control; RET, resistance exercise training; HIIT, high-intensity interval training; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

Article Snippet: Fasting plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay (DiaSorin Canada Inc.; Mississauga, ON, Canada), and fasting plasma BDNF concentrations were measured using a Quantikine Human Free BDNF ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Inc.; Minneapolis, MN, United States).

Techniques: Control, Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Derivative Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Article Title: A Multi-Ingredient Nutritional Supplement in Combination With Resistance Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cognitive Function and Increases N -3 Index in Healthy Older Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial

doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00107

Figure Lengend Snippet: Blood analyses and nutrient bioavailability.

Article Snippet: Fasting plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay (DiaSorin Canada Inc.; Mississauga, ON, Canada), and fasting plasma BDNF concentrations were measured using a Quantikine Human Free BDNF ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Inc.; Minneapolis, MN, United States).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Membrane

Journal: Journal of Perinatal Medicine

Article Title: Nicotine affects the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein in the hippocampus of hypoxic newborn piglets

doi: 10.1515/jpm.2009.081

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1 Relative expression of BDNF mRNA in hippocampus. The group treated with nicotine 130 mg/kg/h show a significant increase in BDNF mRNA expression compared to the group treated with saline. 1snicotine 130 mg/kg/h; 2snicotine 260 mg/kg/h; 3sadrena- line 0.05 mg/kg/minqsaline; 4ssaline. *Ps0.038 for nicotine 130 mg/kg/h vs. saline.

Article Snippet: Monoclonal anti-human BDNF antibody titer 1:25 (Clone 35928; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was used as primary antibody.

Techniques: Expressing, Saline

Journal: Journal of Perinatal Medicine

Article Title: Nicotine affects the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein in the hippocampus of hypoxic newborn piglets

doi: 10.1515/jpm.2009.081

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4 Immunohistochemistry of BDNF protein, nicotine vs. saline. Pictures from the dentate gyrus 20=enlarged. A is from an ani- mal treated with nicotine 130 mg/kg/h; B is from an animal treat- ed with saline; picture A presents a larger number of BDNF positive cells than picture B.

Article Snippet: Monoclonal anti-human BDNF antibody titer 1:25 (Clone 35928; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was used as primary antibody.

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Saline

Journal: Journal of Perinatal Medicine

Article Title: Nicotine affects the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein in the hippocampus of hypoxic newborn piglets

doi: 10.1515/jpm.2009.081

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2 Box plot of % BDNF positive cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. There are significantly more BDNF positive cells in the dentate gyrus of the animals treated with nicotine 130 mg/kg/h com- pared to the saline treated animals. *Ps0.009.

Article Snippet: Monoclonal anti-human BDNF antibody titer 1:25 (Clone 35928; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was used as primary antibody.

Techniques: Saline

Journal: Journal of Perinatal Medicine

Article Title: Nicotine affects the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein in the hippocampus of hypoxic newborn piglets

doi: 10.1515/jpm.2009.081

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3 Immunohistochemistry of BDNF protein. Picture from the dentate gyrus 40=enlarged. The cells with the large, dark brown nucleuses are positive (black arrows), the cells with light brown or blue nucleuses are negative (open arrows).

Article Snippet: Monoclonal anti-human BDNF antibody titer 1:25 (Clone 35928; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was used as primary antibody.

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Acta neuropathologica communications

Article Title: BDNF augmentation reverses cranial radiation therapy-induced cognitive decline and neurodegenerative consequences.

doi: 10.1186/s40478-024-01906-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2 Riluzole treatment restores hippocampal BDNF in the irradiated hippocampus. 10–12 weeks old WT male mice received cranial radiation therapy (RT) followed by riluzole (RZ) treatment (13 mg/kg) in drinking water for 6–7 weeks. An ELISA-based quantification of BDNF from the micro-dissected hippocampus showed RT-induced reductions in the RT + Vehicle group. Importantly, RZ treatment in the cranially irradiated mice showed significant restoration of BDNF levels. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (N = 6–10 mice per group). P values were derived from two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test

Article Snippet: BDNF levels were quantified using a commercially available ELISA kit (E-EL-M0203, Elabscience Biotechnology) and uncoated ELISA plates (Nunc MaxiSorp, Biolegend).

Techniques: Irradiation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Derivative Assay

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Enhanced BDNF and ROS in Mucosa of Lower Motor Neuron Lesioned Dog Bladder Following Somatic Motor Nerve Transfer.

doi: 10.3390/cells14060406

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. BDNF, NGF and NT-3 protein concentrations, measured by ELISA. BDNF (A) and NGF (B), and NT-3 (C) levels in mucosa and smooth muscle lysates of Control, Decentralized, and ObNT-Reinn bladders. The number of animals assayed per group were: 6–11 Control, 5–8 Decentralized, and 7–9 ObNT-Reinn. Shown are the means ± 95% CI. *: p < 0.05 and **: p < 0.01, compared within the same layer and between groups as shown. #: p < 0.05, compared between bladder mucosa and muscle layers as shown. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures, mixed-effects, and REM models, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons post hoc test.

Article Snippet: ELISA kits, used in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions were: Quantikine® Total BDNF (DBNT00, R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), canine nerve growth factor (NGF, MBS738670, MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA), canine neurotrophin-3 (NT-3, MBS741186, MyBioSource), canine glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF, MBS744164, MyBioSource), canine Artemin (ARTN, MBS735757, MyBioSource), canine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF, MBS742904, MyBioSource), and canine TNF-α (ECTNF, Invitrogen, ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Enhanced BDNF and ROS in Mucosa of Lower Motor Neuron Lesioned Dog Bladder Following Somatic Motor Nerve Transfer.

doi: 10.3390/cells14060406

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Immunoexpression of BDNF (red) and its receptor (TRK B) in the mucosal layer of Control (A), Decentralized (B), and (C) ObNT-Reinn bladders. Left panels of (A–C) show BDNF immu- noexpression. Middle panels of (A–C) show TRK B immunoexpression. Right panels of (A–C) show merged images of BDNF and TRK B, and DAPI counterstaining. Arrows in left panels of (B,C) indicate a few of the BDNF+ immune-like cells. Urothelium is indicated in each panel. (D,E) Negative control images in which only secondary antibodies were used (the primary antibodies were omitted). Scale bar in left panel (A) (50 microns) applies to all other panels.

Article Snippet: ELISA kits, used in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions were: Quantikine® Total BDNF (DBNT00, R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), canine nerve growth factor (NGF, MBS738670, MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA), canine neurotrophin-3 (NT-3, MBS741186, MyBioSource), canine glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF, MBS744164, MyBioSource), canine Artemin (ARTN, MBS735757, MyBioSource), canine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF, MBS742904, MyBioSource), and canine TNF-α (ECTNF, Invitrogen, ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA).

Techniques: Control, Negative Control

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Enhanced BDNF and ROS in Mucosa of Lower Motor Neuron Lesioned Dog Bladder Following Somatic Motor Nerve Transfer.

doi: 10.3390/cells14060406

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 7. Immunoexpression of BDNF (red) and its receptor (TRK B) in the submucosal layer of Control (A), Decentralized (B), and (C) ObNT-Reinn bladders. Left panels of (A–C) show BDNF immunoexpression. Middle panels of (A–C) show TRK B immunoexpression. Right panels of (A–C) show merged images of BDNF and TRK B, and DAPI counterstaining. Vessels and muscle (m) are indicated in each panel when present. (D,E) Negative control images in which only secondary antibodies were used (the primary antibodies were omitted). Scale bar in left panel (A) (50 microns) applies to all other panels.

Article Snippet: ELISA kits, used in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions were: Quantikine® Total BDNF (DBNT00, R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), canine nerve growth factor (NGF, MBS738670, MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA), canine neurotrophin-3 (NT-3, MBS741186, MyBioSource), canine glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF, MBS744164, MyBioSource), canine Artemin (ARTN, MBS735757, MyBioSource), canine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF, MBS742904, MyBioSource), and canine TNF-α (ECTNF, Invitrogen, ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA).

Techniques: Control, Negative Control

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Enhanced BDNF and ROS in Mucosa of Lower Motor Neuron Lesioned Dog Bladder Following Somatic Motor Nerve Transfer.

doi: 10.3390/cells14060406

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 8. Immunoexpression of BDNF (red) and its receptor (TRK B) in the detrusor muscle layer of Control (A), Decentralized (B), and (C) ObNT-Reinn bladders. Left panels of (A–C) show BDNF immunoexpression. Middle panels of (A–C) show TRK B immunoexpression. Right panels of (A–C) show merged images of BDNF and TRK B, and DAPI counterstaining. Arrows in left panels of (B) indicate a few of the BDNF+ immune-like cells; m = muscle. (D,E). Negative control images in which only secondary antibodies were used (the primary antibodies were omitted). Scale bar in left panel (A) (50 microns) applies to all other panels.

Article Snippet: ELISA kits, used in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions were: Quantikine® Total BDNF (DBNT00, R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), canine nerve growth factor (NGF, MBS738670, MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA), canine neurotrophin-3 (NT-3, MBS741186, MyBioSource), canine glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF, MBS744164, MyBioSource), canine Artemin (ARTN, MBS735757, MyBioSource), canine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF, MBS742904, MyBioSource), and canine TNF-α (ECTNF, Invitrogen, ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA).

Techniques: Control, Negative Control

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Enhanced BDNF and ROS in Mucosa of Lower Motor Neuron Lesioned Dog Bladder Following Somatic Motor Nerve Transfer.

doi: 10.3390/cells14060406

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 9. Immunoexpression of BDNF (red) and its receptor (TRK B) in an intramural ganglion from an ObNT-Reinn bladder. (A) BDNF immunoexpression. (B) TRK B immunoexpression. (C) Merged images of BDNF and TRK B, and DAPI counterstaining. G = ganglion; nerve profiles indicated in cross-section (panel A) and longitudinal section (panel B; m = muscle). Scale bar in left panel (B) (50 microns) applies to all other panels.

Article Snippet: ELISA kits, used in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions were: Quantikine® Total BDNF (DBNT00, R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), canine nerve growth factor (NGF, MBS738670, MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA), canine neurotrophin-3 (NT-3, MBS741186, MyBioSource), canine glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF, MBS744164, MyBioSource), canine Artemin (ARTN, MBS735757, MyBioSource), canine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF, MBS742904, MyBioSource), and canine TNF-α (ECTNF, Invitrogen, ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Fingolimod Modulates Dendritic Architecture in a BDNF-Dependent Manner

doi: 10.3390/ijms21093079

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fingolimod-phosphate (FTY720-P) regulates neuronal architecture in a BDNF-dependent manner. ( A ) Representative Neurolucida tracings, used to perform the Sholl analysis of dendritic complexity for feGFP expressing neurons treated for 24h with: DMSO (black), 2nM FTY720-P (gray), DMSO + TrkBFc (dark blue) and 2nM FTY720-P + TrkBFc (light blue). Scale bar: 100 μm. ( B ) Sholl analysis displayed as number of dendritic intersections against distance from the cell body for DMSO (black), 2nM FTY720-P (gray), DMSO + TrkBFc (dark blue) and 2nM FTY720-P + TrkBFc (light blue) and ( C ) total dendritic complexity of all treatment groups. F value in ( B ) refers to comparison between all the 4 treatment groups. ( D ) Dendritic spine densities for DMSO (black), 2nM FTY720-P (gray), DMSO + TrkBFc (dark blue) and 2nM FTY720-P + TrkBFc (light blue) calculated using segments of secondary dendritic branches as shown in ( E ) feGFP panel. The Syn panel displays the corresponding staining of the pre-synaptic marker SynapsinI/II and the merge panel shows the images with overlapping SynapsinI/II puncta (red, pre-synapse) to its matching feGFP dendrite segment (green, post-synapse). The arrows point to coinciding puncta, indicative of mature synapse between the post and pre-synaptic compartments. Scale bar: 5μm. ( F ) The graph compares the fraction of SynapsinI/II positive feGFP labelled spines for DMSO (black), 2nM FTY720-P (gray), DMSO + TrkBFc (dark blue) and 2nM FTY720-P + TrkBFc (light blue). ( G ) Representative fields of view (FOV) of the DMSO, 2nM FTY720-P, DMSO + TrkBFc and 2nM FTY720-P + TrkBFc treated hippocampal cultures stained for c-fo s . Scale bar: 100μm. ( H ) Quantification of the proportion of c-Fos expressing neurons represented as normalized fraction for DMSO (black), 2nM FTY720-P (gray), DMSO + TrkBFc (dark blue) and 2nM FTY720-P + TrkBFc (light blue) treated cultures. All graphs represent data as mean + SEM. Numbers in the bars show either total number of neurons or of FOV analyzed, obtained from ≥3 sets of independent experiments. Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test was used in ( B ). For ( C , D , F ) and ( H ) one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc was used. Denotations for significance are * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human BDNF protein (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was dissolved in sterile PBS with 0.1% BSA at a concentration of 50 ng/μL.

Techniques: Expressing, Comparison, Staining, Marker

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Fingolimod Modulates Dendritic Architecture in a BDNF-Dependent Manner

doi: 10.3390/ijms21093079

Figure Lengend Snippet: Treatment with the non-phosphorylated Fingolimod (FTY720) modulates neuronal architecture. ( A ) | Representative Neurolucida tracings from feGFP positive hippocampal neurons used for the Sholl analysis from cultures treated either with DMSO or 10nM FTY20 for 24 h. Scale bar: 100μm. ( B ) | Dendritic complexity shown by the number of dendritic intersections plotted against the distance from the soma for DMSO (black) and FTY720 (blue) treated neurons. The F value shows the statistical comparison between the two groups. The inset graph represents total dendritic complexity upon treatment with DMSO (black) and FTY720 (blue). ( C ) | Total dendritic length for DMSO (black) and FTY720 (blue) treated neurons. ( D ) | Representative stretches from dendrites of eGFP transfected hippocampal neurons showing dendritic spine protrusions, treated either with DMSO or FTY720 for 24h. Scale bar: 5μm. ( E ) | The graph shows dendritic spine density for DMSO (black) and FTY720 (blue) treated neurons . ( F ) | Representative images of fields of view (FOV) from primary hippocampal cultures stained with anti phospho-ERK1/2 antibody, 30 min post-application of one of the following: DMSO, 10nM FTY720, DMSO_100, 100nM FTY720, DMSO_100 + TrkB-Fc, 100nM FTY720 + TrkB-Fc or 40ng recombinant BDNF protein as a positive control. Scale bar: 100μm. ( G ) | The graph displays the fraction of pERK1/2 expressing neurons relative to the total number of MAP2 + neurons. The data is normalized to the respective controls and compared between the different treatment groups: DMSO (black), 10nM FTY720 (light blue solid), DMSO100 (gray), 100nM FTY720 (dark blue solid), 40ng recombinant BDNF (magenta), DMSO100 + TrkB-Fc (gray open), 100nM FTY720 + TrkB-Fc (dark blue open). All data is plotted as mean + SEM. Numbers in the bars show total number of neurons or FOV analyzed, obtained from ≥3 sets of independent experiments. Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test was used in ( B ). For ( B ) total intersections, ( C ) and ( E ) unpaired Student’s t-test and for ( G ) one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc was used. Denotations for significance are * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human BDNF protein (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was dissolved in sterile PBS with 0.1% BSA at a concentration of 50 ng/μL.

Techniques: Comparison, Transfection, Staining, Recombinant, Positive Control, Expressing

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Local and Target-Derived Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Exert Opposing Effects on the Dendritic Arborization of Retinal Ganglion CellsIn Vivo

doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.22-17-07639.2002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Altering endogenous retinal and tectal BDNF levels in vivo. Diagrams representing a transverse view of a Xenopus tadpole brain and eye illustrate experimental procedures (see Materials and Methods). RGCs are depicted in red, relative endogenous BDNF expression levels (Cohen-Cory et al., 1996) are depicted in blue, and exogenously applied factors are depicted in green. A, Effects of altered tectal neurotrophins on RGC dendritic arborization. Control, anti-BDNF, or BDNF-treated green fluorescent microspheres were injected into the stage 38 tadpole tectum. At stage 42, RGCs were retrogradely labeled by injecting rhodamine–dextran in the contralateral tectum. At stage 45, dendritic morphologies of double-labeled RGCs were evaluated. A low-power view of a tadpole eye shows green fluorescent microspheres retrogradely transported to the retinal ganglion cell layer, where a rhodamine–dextran-labeled RGC soma can also be visualized (lines denote lens and eye periphery). Scale bar, 50 m. A single-plane, high-power view of a stage 45 retina reveals a rhodamine–dextran-labeled RGC with internalized green fluorescent microspheres. Scale bar, 5 m. B, Effects of altered retinal neurotrophins on RGC dendritic arborization. Control, anti-BDNF, or BDNF-treated microspheres were injected into the stage 38 tadpole retina, and then RGCs were retrogradely labeled at stage 42. The low-power view shows rhodamine–dextran-labeled RGCs and green fluorescent microspheres restricted within the tadpole eye. Scale bar, 200 m. The single-plane, high-power view of a stage 45 retina reveals the morphology of a rhodamine– dextran-labeled RGC surrounded by green fluorescent microspheres. Scale bar, 5 m. C, Effects of altered retinal neurotrophins on RGC axonal arborization in the tectum. Control, anti-BDNF, or BDNF-treated microspheres were injected into the stage 43 tadpole retina, and the morphology of DiI- or YFP-labeled RGC axon arbors was visualized 24 and 48 hr later. Confocal microscope images of a control RGC axon at 0 and 24 hr demonstrate normal RGC axon arborization dynamics. Scale bar, 20 m.

Article Snippet: Recombinant human BDNF (rhBDNF) was kindly provided by Amgen (Thousand Oaks, CA), recombinant human neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) was generously provided by Genentech (South San Francisco, CA), and anti-rhBDNF neutralizing antibody (mouse IgG1) was obtained from R & D Systems (Minneapolis, MN).

Techniques: In Vivo, Expressing, Control, Injection, Labeling, Microscopy

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Local and Target-Derived Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Exert Opposing Effects on the Dendritic Arborization of Retinal Ganglion CellsIn Vivo

doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.22-17-07639.2002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Tectal BDNF retrogradely enhances RGC dendritic arborization. To determine whether tectal BDNF influences RGC dendritic arborization within the retina, tadpoles received tectal injections of microspheres treated with control, BDNF, or anti-BDNF function-blocking antibodies. Microsphere-containing neurons colabeled with rhodamine–dextran were analyzed morphologically (Fig. 1A). A, Image reconstructions of two rhodamine-labeled RGCs with simple and complex dendritic arbors illustrate differences in dendritic arbor morphologies. B, Images of RGC dendritic arbors reveal that increasing tectal BDNF enhances RGC dendritic arborization, whereas neutralizing endogenous tectal BDNF with function-blocking antibodies reduces RGC dendritic arborization. C, Quantitative analysis reveals that primary dendrite number, branch tip number, branch tips per primary dendrite, and overall dendritic length were significantly enhanced by increasing tectal BDNF and reduced by injecting anti-BDNF into the optic tectum. Scale bar, 5 m. Error bars indicate SEM. p 0.05; p 0.01; p 0.001.

Article Snippet: Recombinant human BDNF (rhBDNF) was kindly provided by Amgen (Thousand Oaks, CA), recombinant human neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) was generously provided by Genentech (South San Francisco, CA), and anti-rhBDNF neutralizing antibody (mouse IgG1) was obtained from R & D Systems (Minneapolis, MN).

Techniques: Control, Blocking Assay, Labeling

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Local and Target-Derived Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Exert Opposing Effects on the Dendritic Arborization of Retinal Ganglion CellsIn Vivo

doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.22-17-07639.2002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Retinal BDNF inhibits RGC den- dritic arborization in a dose-dependent man- ner. To determine whether RGCs are sensi- tive to the concentration of BDNF in the retina, Xenopus retinas were microinjected with 1–100 ng/l BDNF or control micro- spheres at the onset of dendritic arborization. Quantitative measures of dendritic arbor morphology revealed a dose-dependent re- sponse to BDNF. The highest concentration of BDNF most dramatically decreased pri- mary dendrite number, branch tip number, tips per dendrite, and dendrite length versus control. Error bars indicate SEM. p 0.05; p 0.01; p 0.001.

Article Snippet: Recombinant human BDNF (rhBDNF) was kindly provided by Amgen (Thousand Oaks, CA), recombinant human neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) was generously provided by Genentech (South San Francisco, CA), and anti-rhBDNF neutralizing antibody (mouse IgG1) was obtained from R & D Systems (Minneapolis, MN).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Control

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Local and Target-Derived Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Exert Opposing Effects on the Dendritic Arborization of Retinal Ganglion CellsIn Vivo

doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.22-17-07639.2002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. RGC dendritic arborization is temporally sensitive to increased reti- nal BDNF levels. To determine whether RGCs were sensitive to enhanced retinal BDNF in a stage-dependent manner, control or BDNF-treated microspheres were injected into Xenopus retinas at stage 38 or 42. A, The morphology of RGC dendritic arbors revealed a stage- dependent response to increased retinal BDNF levels. B–C, Quantitative analy- sis of dendritic differentiation indicates that earlier exposure to exogenous BDNF (stages 38–45) inhibited den- dritic arborization more dramatically than later exposure to BDNF (stages 42–45). Primary dendrite number as well as dendritic branching was signifi- cantly decreased by altering retinal BDNF starting at stage 38 (B), whereas altering retinal BDNF levels from stage 42 onward (C) selectively reduced den- dritic branching without affecting pri- mary dendrite number. Error bars indi- cate SEM. p 0.05; p 0.001. Scale bar, 10 m.

Article Snippet: Recombinant human BDNF (rhBDNF) was kindly provided by Amgen (Thousand Oaks, CA), recombinant human neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) was generously provided by Genentech (South San Francisco, CA), and anti-rhBDNF neutralizing antibody (mouse IgG1) was obtained from R & D Systems (Minneapolis, MN).

Techniques: Control, Injection

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Local and Target-Derived Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Exert Opposing Effects on the Dendritic Arborization of Retinal Ganglion CellsIn Vivo

doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.22-17-07639.2002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. RGC axon arbor complexity is unaffected by retinal BDNF levels. To deter- mine whether retinal BDNF influences RGC axon arborization at a distance, tadpoles were intraocularly injected with control, BDNF-, or anti-BDNF-treated microspheres, and the re- sulting changes in RGC axon arbor dynamics were compared with tectally applied BDNF (Cohen-Cory and Fraser, 1995; Lom and Co- hen-Cory, 1999). A, Individual RGC axon ar- bor morphologies of control, retinal BDNF, and tectal BDNF at 0 and 24 hr after treat- ment demonstrate that only tectally applied BDNF significantly alters RGC axon ar- borization. B, C, Altering retinal BDNF lev- els had no significant effects on RGC axon arbor complexity as measured by the in- crease in total branch number (B) and total arbor length (C) 24 and 48 hr after treatment ( p 0.05). Error bars indicate SEM. Scale bar, 20 m.

Article Snippet: Recombinant human BDNF (rhBDNF) was kindly provided by Amgen (Thousand Oaks, CA), recombinant human neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) was generously provided by Genentech (South San Francisco, CA), and anti-rhBDNF neutralizing antibody (mouse IgG1) was obtained from R & D Systems (Minneapolis, MN).

Techniques: Injection, Control