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Image Search Results
Journal: PLoS ONE
Article Title: Macrophage Resistance to HIV-1 Infection Is Enhanced by the Neuropeptides VIP and PACAP
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067701
Figure Lengend Snippet: . Macrophages were infected with an R5-tropic HIV-1 isolate (Ba-L) and treated with culture medium ( Medium ) or with an antagonist of PAC1 ( M65 , 50 nM), VPAC1 and VPAC2 ( atVIP, 100 nM) or with both antagonists ( M65+atVIP ) 15 minutes before the addition of VIP (A) or PACAP (B) at 10 nM. Viral replication was measured in the culture supernatants using an HIV-1 p24 ELISA 12-14 days after infection. Data represent means ± SEM of five independent experiments. Virus production in the positive control (HIV-1-infected cells cultured only with medium): 5.8±1.9 ng/mL p24 Ag. The three bars on the right show the virus replication by macrophages exposed only to the antagonists. * p ≤.05; ** p ≤.01; *** p ≤.001.
Article Snippet: The VPAC1 and VPAC2 agonists Ala 11,22,28 -
Techniques: Infection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Virus, Positive Control, Cell Culture
Journal: PLoS ONE
Article Title: Macrophage Resistance to HIV-1 Infection Is Enhanced by the Neuropeptides VIP and PACAP
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067701
Figure Lengend Snippet: . Macrophages were infected with an R5-tropic HIV-1 isolate (Ba-L) and treated with agonists for the VPAC1 ( agVPAC1 2.5 nM), VPAC2 ( agVPAC2 2.5 nM) or PAC1 ( agPAC1 , 5 nM) receptors or with VIP (5 nM) and PACAP (5 nM), either alone or in combination, as indicated. Viral replication was measured in the culture supernatants using an HIV-1 p24 ELISA 12–14 days after infection. Viral production in the positive control (HIV-1-infected cells cultured only with medium): 3.0±0.8 ng/mL p24 Ag. ** p ≤.01; *** p ≤.001.
Article Snippet: The VPAC1 and VPAC2 agonists Ala 11,22,28 -
Techniques: Infection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Positive Control, Cell Culture