Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Coping with multiple enemies: pairwise interactions do not predict evolutionary change in complex multitrophic communities

doi: 10.1101/492132

Figure Lengend Snippet: Abundance (log-transformed, mean ± std. dev., n = 7) of the focal species B. subtilis (orange circles), competitor bacterium S. marcescens (red circles), predator P. caudatum (green circles) and B. subtilis-specific parasite phage SPP1 (purple circles) in each treatment over the duration of the experiment (Days 1-10).

Article Snippet: Our experiment consisted of seven sets of species combinations of Bacillus subtilis (NCIB3610) with (1) SPP1 phage parasite in isolation; (2) Paramecium caudatum , a generalist [ ; ; ] bacterial predator in isolation; (3) Serratia marcescens (ATCC 29632), a competitor of B. subtilis , in isolation; (4) P. caudatum and SPP1 phage; (5) S. marcescens and SPP1 phage; (6) S. marcescens and P. caudatum; and (7) S. marcescens, P. caudatum and SPP1 phage, resulting in a total of 7 experimental treatments, each replicated seven times.

Techniques: Transformation Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Coping with multiple enemies: pairwise interactions do not predict evolutionary change in complex multitrophic communities

doi: 10.1101/492132

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of community composition on B. subtilis evolution relative to the ancestral strain (solid line). a . Competitive ability of B. subtilis isolates, measured as the ratio of B. subtilis to S. marcescens (dashed line indicates a 1:1 ratio, solid line represents ancestral resistance). b . Relative resistance to parasite in B. subtilis across treatment groups. Resistance to phage SPP1 was measured as the difference in growth (optical density) of B. subtilis in the presence or absence of the ancestral phage parasite. The solid line represents the resistance of ancestral B. subtilis and the resistance of our experimental treatment isolates relative to ancestral parasite resistance. c . Growth of B. subtilis isolates in the presence of the predator P. caudatum (measured as log 10 optical density of biofilm production). Solid line indicates resistance of the ancestral B. subtilis grown in the presence of P. caudatum ). In all cases, values to the right of the solid lines indicate higher relative resistance than the ancestral strain, values to the left of the solid line indicate lower resistance relative to ancestral strain of B. subtilis .

Article Snippet: Our experiment consisted of seven sets of species combinations of Bacillus subtilis (NCIB3610) with (1) SPP1 phage parasite in isolation; (2) Paramecium caudatum , a generalist [ ; ; ] bacterial predator in isolation; (3) Serratia marcescens (ATCC 29632), a competitor of B. subtilis , in isolation; (4) P. caudatum and SPP1 phage; (5) S. marcescens and SPP1 phage; (6) S. marcescens and P. caudatum; and (7) S. marcescens, P. caudatum and SPP1 phage, resulting in a total of 7 experimental treatments, each replicated seven times.

Techniques:

Journal: Oncogene

Article Title: Posttranslational regulation of the retinoblastoma gene family member p107 by calpain protease.

doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202497

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1 Eect of lovastatin on p107, Cdk2, Cdk4 and cyclin E levels. p107 (a), Cdk2, Cdk4 and cyclin E (b) protein levels were examined in untreated CHP-100 cells (lane 1) and in CHP-100 cells treated with 3 mM lovastatin (lanes 2 ± 5) and harvested at the time indicated. Equal amounts of cell lysate (50 mg protein) were resolved by SDS ± PAGE and subjected to Western blot analysis using polyclonal anti-p107, Cdk2, Cdk4, or cyclin E antibody and chemiluminescence detection

Article Snippet: Polyclonal antibody to p107, RB, Cdk2, Cdk4 and cyclin E and monoclonal antibody to cyclin B1 were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).

Techniques: SDS Page, Western Blot

Journal: Oncogene

Article Title: Posttranslational regulation of the retinoblastoma gene family member p107 by calpain protease.

doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202497

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2 Eect of LLnL and lactacystin treatment on the levels of p107, pRB and cyclin B1 protein in CHP-100 cells (a and c) and PC-3-M cells (b). (a) Untreated control cells were compared to cells treated with lovastatin (3 mM) for 36 h, LLnL (100 mM) for 12 h, lactacystin (10 mM) for 12 h, or lovastatin 36 h plus LLnL for the ®nal 12 h or lovastatin 36 h plus lactacystin for the ®nal 12 h. Western blot analysis was performed using polyclonal antibody to p107 and pRB. (b) Lanes 1 ± 6 were treated as described in (a). The cells in lane 7 were treated with PMSF (100 mM) for 12 h, and cells in lane 8 received lovastatin for 36 h and PMSF for the ®nal 12 h. Western blot analysis was performed using polyclonal antibody to p107. (c) The cells were treated as described in (a). Western blot analysis was performed using polyclonal antibody to p107 and monoclonal anti-cyclin B1 antibody

Article Snippet: Polyclonal antibody to p107, RB, Cdk2, Cdk4 and cyclin E and monoclonal antibody to cyclin B1 were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).

Techniques: Control, Western Blot

Journal: International journal of biological sciences

Article Title: Specific Pyruvate Kinase M2 Inhibitor, Compound 3K, Induces Autophagic Cell Death through Disruption of the Glycolysis Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells.

doi: 10.7150/ijbs.59855

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Compound 3K reduced colony formation and cell proliferation and induced the cell cycle arrest in SK-OV-3 cells. (A) Effect of compound 3K (1, 2.5, or 5 µM) on proliferation of SK-OV-3 cells following treatment for 48 h. Cell proliferation was checked with an IncuCyte software every 6 h. (B) Representative photographs and quantitative analysis of colony formation assay of SK-OV-3 cells treated with indicated compound 3K concentrations in 6-well plates. Colony areas were measured using image analyzer. (C) SK-OV-3 cells were treated with compound 3K (1, 2.5, or 5 µM) for 24 h. After treatment, the cells were stained with propidium iodide (PI) and analyzed using flow cytometry. (D) Bar graph indicating the different phases of cell cycle distributions of SK-OV-3 cells treated with 0.1% DMSO control or compound 3K. (E) Effect of compound 3K on the expression of cell cycle-related proteins. SK-OV-3 cells were treated for 24 h with compound 3K (1, 2.5, or 5 µM). The expression of cyclin B1, p-Cdc2, and Cdc2 were analyzed using western blot analysis. The values represent the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against PKM2, PKM1, Cyclin B1, p-Cdc2, Cdc2, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase 3, Beclin-1, LC3B, Atg5, Atg7, p62, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, p-AKT, AKT, p-AMPK, AMPK, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-p70S6K, p70S6K, GLUT1, LDHA, MCT4, and β-actin were all obtained from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA, USA).

Techniques: Software, Colony Assay, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Control, Expressing, Western Blot