Journal: The Journal of Comparative Neurology

Article Title: Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Targets in the Human Nodose Ganglion

doi: 10.1002/cne.70135

Figure Lengend Snippet: Lipofuscin autofluorescence artifact is reduced by high‐power illumination. Images were acquired using confocal microscopy (Zeiss LSM980) on samples that were not processed for RNAscope unless otherwise noted. (A–D) Native (unstained) tissue sections exhibited strong autofluorescence due to lipofuscin, a pigment that accumulates in neurons and appears as crescent‐shaped structures in the cytoplasm. Lipofuscin emitted across all excitation wavelengths. (E–H) Pretreatment with illumination using a TiYO system for 30 min prior to DAPI counterstaining reduced lipofuscin autofluorescence intensity, although some signal remained detectable. (I) Quantification of mean gray levels (± SEM, three samples per group) across channels showed that illumination effectively reduced autofluorescence in all wavelengths except the DAPI channel. (J) RNAscope detection of Snap25 mRNA (yellow puncta) clearly labeled neuronal cytoplasm. Residual lipofuscin was still visible under RNAscope signals as pale, crescent‐shaped structures (outlined with a dotted line), but its intensity remained lower than that of the RNAscope signal. Scale bar in (A) applies to all panels.

Article Snippet: To minimize lipofuscin autofluorescence commonly observed in aging sensory neurons (Sapio et al. ; Shiers et al. ), slides were exposed for 30 min to high‐power illumination using the TiYo quenching system (Nepa Gene Co. Ltd, Chiba, Japan).

Techniques: Confocal Microscopy, RNAscope, Labeling

Journal: Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)

Article Title: Risk of Recurrence and Transition to Chronic Disease in Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S242926

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical features visible on multimodal imaging of the left eye of a 37-year-old male patient with aCSC. ( A ) Color fundus photograph showing small pigment clustering in the macula and a silhouette of the serous retinal detachment. The arrow indicates the scanning plane, which is depicted on the SD-OCT. ( B ) FAF image at diagnosis showing a speckled (ie, granular) hyper-autofluorescent lesion at the site of the serous neuroretinal detachment. ( C ) FA imaging revealed a single “hot spot” of leakage and a typical small detachment of the RPE above the inferior retinal arcade (arrow). ( D ) An SD-OCT scan at diagnosis revealed SRF accumulation, a thickened choroid, and subretinal debris, presumably consisting of non-phagocytized photoreceptor outer segments. ( E ) SRF resolved spontaneously within a few weeks. ( F ) The areas of hyper-fluorescence on mid-phase ICGA revealed diffuse choroidal hyperpermeability that was larger than the leakage site visible on FA. A recurrent episode 1.5 years later was treated with two subthreshold micropulse diode laser but did not result in resolution of the SRF. Eventually, half-dose photodynamic therapy resulted in resolution of the SRF ( G and H ). At the patient’s final visit 11 months later, hyper-autofluorescent and hypo-autofluorescent abnormalities were visible ( G ), and FA imaging revealed a slightly enlarged area of RPE alterations ( H ). Abbreviations: aCSC, acute central serous chorioretinopathy; ICGA, indocyanine green angiography; FA, Fluorescein angiography; FAF, Fundus autofluorescence; SD-OCT, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography; SRF, subretinal serous fluid; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium.

Article Snippet: These examinations included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, measured with a Snellen chart, then converted to ETDRS letters for statistical comparison); slit-lamp examination and/or color fundus photography (Topcon Corp., Tokyo, Japan or Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany); spectral-domain OCT (Cirrus HD-OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany, OCT-HS100, Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan, or Spectralis HRA+OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany); fundus autofluorescence imaging (FAF) (Heidelberg Spectralis HRA+OCT or Topcon Corp.); FA (Topcon Corp., Spectralis HRA+OCT, or Carl Zeiss Meditec); and ICGA (Topcon Corp., Heidelberg Spectralis HRA+OCT, or Carl Zeiss Meditec).

Techniques: Imaging, Biomarker Discovery, Fluorescence, Tomography

Journal: Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)

Article Title: Risk of Recurrence and Transition to Chronic Disease in Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S242926

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical features visible on multimodal imaging of the right eye of a 37-year-old female patient ( A – D ) and a 34-year-old male patient ( E – H ) with aCSC. ( A and E ) FA revealed one focal “hot spot” of leakage and no changes in the retinal pigment epithelium. ( B and F ) Despite these circumscribed lesions on FA, ICGA revealed a more widespread area of hyper-fluorescence, which corresponded with multifocal ( B ) or monofocal ( F ) choroidal leakage. ( C and G ) FAF imaging revealed speckled (ie, granular) hyper-autofluorescent changes at the site of serous neuroretinal detachment in both patients, which corresponded with serous retinal detachment visualized on OCT ( D, H ). Abbreviations: aCSC, acute central serous chorioretinopathy; ICGA, indocyanine green angiography; FA, Fluorescein angiography; FAF, Fundus autofluorescence; OCT, optical coherence tomography; SRF, subretinal serous fluid; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium.

Article Snippet: These examinations included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, measured with a Snellen chart, then converted to ETDRS letters for statistical comparison); slit-lamp examination and/or color fundus photography (Topcon Corp., Tokyo, Japan or Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany); spectral-domain OCT (Cirrus HD-OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany, OCT-HS100, Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan, or Spectralis HRA+OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany); fundus autofluorescence imaging (FAF) (Heidelberg Spectralis HRA+OCT or Topcon Corp.); FA (Topcon Corp., Spectralis HRA+OCT, or Carl Zeiss Meditec); and ICGA (Topcon Corp., Heidelberg Spectralis HRA+OCT, or Carl Zeiss Meditec).

Techniques: Imaging, Fluorescence, Tomography