Journal: Biochemical pharmacology

Article Title: Measurement of affective state during chronic nicotine treatment and withdrawal by affective taste reactivity in mice: the role of endocannabinoids.

doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.06.017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. Graphs showing affective taste reactivity results for selected measures during sucrose infusion in experiment 2. Mean scores (SEM) for vehicle- and nicotine-treated groups are shown across the four affective taste reactivity tests [vehicle; AM251 (1 mg/kg); AM251 (3 mg/kg); AM251 (10 mg/kg)]. Panel f provides a graphical representation of the experimental protocol. (*) p < 0.05: Bonferroni pairwise comparisons following one-way ANOVAs within vehicle- or nicotine-treated groups across the four affective taste reactivity tests.

Article Snippet: The CB1-receptor antagonist AM251 (Tocris, Ellisville, MO, USA) was suspended in a vehicle of 0.1% methylcellulose (Sigma– Aldrich, Tokyo, Japan) and 10% Tween-80 (Sigma–Aldrich, Tokyo, Japan) by sonication at 30 8C for 30 min.

Techniques:

Journal: Biochemical pharmacology

Article Title: Measurement of affective state during chronic nicotine treatment and withdrawal by affective taste reactivity in mice: the role of endocannabinoids.

doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.06.017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. Graphs showing affective taste reactivity results for selected measures during quinine infusion in experiment 2. Mean scores (SEM) for vehicle- and nicotine-treated groups are shown across the four affective taste reactivity tests [vehicle; AM251 (1 mg/kg); AM251 (3 mg/kg); AM251 (10 mg/kg)]. (*) p < 0.05: Bonferroni pairwise comparisons following one-way ANOVAs within vehicle- or nicotine-treated groups across the four affective taste reactivity tests. (#) p < 0.05: Independent t-tests between vehicle- and nicotine-treated groups at specific affective taste reactivity tests.

Article Snippet: The CB1-receptor antagonist AM251 (Tocris, Ellisville, MO, USA) was suspended in a vehicle of 0.1% methylcellulose (Sigma– Aldrich, Tokyo, Japan) and 10% Tween-80 (Sigma–Aldrich, Tokyo, Japan) by sonication at 30 8C for 30 min.

Techniques:

Journal: Physiological Reports

Article Title: The endocannabinoid systemʼs involvement in motor development relies on cannabinoid receptors, TRP channels, and Sonic Hedgehog signaling

doi: 10.14814/phy2.15565

Figure Lengend Snippet: Escape swimming deficits caused by singular MAGL or dual FAAH/MAGL inhibition is rescued by blocking CB1R. Escape swimming in response to an acute touch stimulus was assessed in zebrafish embryos at 2 days post‐fertilization (dpf). The effect of ~24‐h drug treatment on embryonic escape swimming distance (cm) and mean velocity (cm/s) was measured, and mean ranks of treatment groups were compared against each other. In each respective treatment group, the horizontal line within its boxplot represents the median value which is surrounded by the interquartile range, while the error bars represent the maximum and minimum values. (A, B) The effects of 5 μM URB 597 ( n = 38) on escape swimming are compared relative to the vehicle control ( n = 34), where ns = not statistically significant (Mann–Whitney test—where statistical significance was determined as p < 0.05). (C, D) The effects of the vehicle control ( n = 34), 5 μM JZL 184 ( n = 30), 10 nM AM 251 ( n = 33), and 5 μM JZL 184 in the presence of 10 nM AM 251 ( n = 43) on escape swimming was compared. (E, F) The effects the vehicle control ( n = 34), 2 μM JZL 195 ( n = 39), 10 nM AM 251 ( n = 33), and 2 μM JZL 195 in the presence of 10 nM AM 251 ( n = 34) on escape swimming was compared. N = 4 experiments with 8–11 animals per experiment for each treatment. (G) Representative tracings of the swimming paths are shown for vehicle, 10 nM AM 251, 5 μM JZL 184, 5 μM JZL 184 + 10 nM AM 251, 2 μM JZL 195, and 2 μM JZL 195 + 10 nM AM 251. For (C–F), columns which share the same letter(s) of the alphabet are not statistically different from one another (Kruskal–Wallis, followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons test—where statistical significance was determined as p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Along with these compounds, animals were co‐treated with the CB1R antagonist AM 251 (Selleck Chemicals), the CB2R antagonist AM630 (Adooq Bioscience), the TRPV1/TRPA1/TRPM8 inhibitor AMG 9090 (Alomone Labs), or the SMO agonist Purmorphamine (Sigma‐Aldrich).

Techniques: Inhibition, Blocking Assay, Control, MANN-WHITNEY