Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Spatiotemporal Atlas of Pro-Inflammatory (NF-κB) and Anti-Inflammatory (STAT6) Signalling Using Reporter Mice during mRNA Vaccination

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.29.702227

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bone marrow–derived dendritic cells were treated with 2.5 µg of modified or unmodified mRNA encapsulated in LNPs, with an equivalent amount of empty LNPs, or with vehicle (water). Representative histograms show the percentage of CD40-CD80-CD86-CCR7, and MHCII positive cells assessed by flow cytometry, and IL-12 concentrations measured by ELISA ± SEM at 24 or 48 h post treatment (n = 9 at 24 h; n = 3 at 48 h). ***p < 0.001 versus vehicle (two-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s test).

Article Snippet: The concentration of IL-12 in supernatants from BM-DCs was determined by ELISA using the Mouse IL-12/IL-23 p40 Allele-specific DuoSet ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Cat. DY499) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Modification, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Spatiotemporal Atlas of Pro-Inflammatory (NF-κB) and Anti-Inflammatory (STAT6) Signalling Using Reporter Mice during mRNA Vaccination

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.29.702227

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A, C) Representative ex vivo bioluminescence images of organs dissected from NFκB -luc2 and STAT6 -luc2 reporter mice at (A) 5 hours or (C) 29 days after treatment. Signals are shown using pseudocolors according to the scale bar. Quantification of organ bioluminescence is shown in the bar graphs, representing mean photon emission (photons/s/cm²/sr) ± SEM (n = 6). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ** p < 0.001 versus LNP (two-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s test).Thym: thymus, LN: inguinal lymph nodes, Dued.: duodenum. (B, D) Cytokine levels in plasma were measured (B) 5 hours after administration or (D) at day 29. Cytokine concentrations are presented as bar graphs ± SEM (n = 3). *p < 0.05, * p < 0.01 versus LNP (one-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s test). (E) Antigen-specific antibodies were measured in plasma at day 29 by ELISA. Bar graphs represent mean absorbance ± SEM (n = 12). ** p < 0.001 versus LNP (two-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s test).

Article Snippet: The concentration of IL-12 in supernatants from BM-DCs was determined by ELISA using the Mouse IL-12/IL-23 p40 Allele-specific DuoSet ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Cat. DY499) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Ex Vivo, Clinical Proteomics, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Toll-Like Receptor 7 Enhances Rabies Virus-Induced Humoral Immunity by Facilitating the Formation of Germinal Centers

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00429

Figure Lengend Snippet: TLR7 is indispensable for optimal antibody production after RABV immunization. TLR7 −/− ( n = 12), TLR3 −/− ( n = 10), or WT mice ( n = 11–12) were immunized i.m. with 10 6 FFU RABV vaccine strain LBNSE in the hind legs. At indicated times post immunization, sera were collected for measuring RABV-specific total IgG (A) and VNA titers (B) . Error bars represent standard error of mean (SEM) ( * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Bound Ab was detected using HRP-conjugated Abs (IgG (1:1,000), IgG1 (1:1,500), IgG2a (1:1,500), IgG2b (1:2,000), IgG3 (1:1,500), or IgM (1:2,000) (Boster, Wuhan, China).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Toll-Like Receptor 7 Enhances Rabies Virus-Induced Humoral Immunity by Facilitating the Formation of Germinal Centers

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00429

Figure Lengend Snippet: TLR7 facilitates the formation of GCs. (A,B) TLR7 −/− and WT mice were immunized i.m. with 10 6 FFU LBNSE in the hind legs. Draining LNs were excised, and tissue sections were prepared and stained for GCs (GL-7, red; B220, blue; and IgG, green). Scale bars represent 200 μm. Representative sections are shown in (A) Numbers of GCs (GL-7 positive cell clusters labeled with white arrows) in the draining LNs are calculated and shown in (B) ( n = 3). (C) Blood samples were collected at indicated time points and the concentration of serum CXCL13 was determined by using a commercial ELISA kit ( n = 9). Error bars represent SEM ( * P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Bound Ab was detected using HRP-conjugated Abs (IgG (1:1,000), IgG1 (1:1,500), IgG2a (1:1,500), IgG2b (1:2,000), IgG3 (1:1,500), or IgM (1:2,000) (Boster, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Staining, Labeling, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Toll-Like Receptor 7 Enhances Rabies Virus-Induced Humoral Immunity by Facilitating the Formation of Germinal Centers

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00429

Figure Lengend Snippet: TLR7 facilitates Th1-biased immune responses after RABV vaccination. TLR7 −/− and WT mice were immunized i.m. with 10 6 FFU LBNSE in the hind legs. Spleens were collected at 7 d.p.i. and subjected to ELISpot assay to measure RABV-specific IFN-γ (A,B) and IL-4 (C,D) producing cells ( n = 3 mice/ group). (E–G) Blood samples were collected at the indicated times p.i. for analysis of RABV G-specific IgG1 (E) , IgG2a (F) , and IgG2b (G) ( n = 10). Error bars represent SEM. ND, not detectable. NS, no significantly difference ( * P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Bound Ab was detected using HRP-conjugated Abs (IgG (1:1,000), IgG1 (1:1,500), IgG2a (1:1,500), IgG2b (1:2,000), IgG3 (1:1,500), or IgM (1:2,000) (Boster, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunospot