Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Normalizing Plasma Renin Activity in Experimental Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Effects on Edema, Cachexia, and Survival.

doi: 10.3390/ijms20163886

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Heart failure stages, study design, and effects of aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor (DRI). (a) Schematic overview of the natural history of heart failure (HF) progression, biomarker changes, and experimental design (salmon-colored area), in an established model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in female mice as reported [27]. Mice with DCM were randomly treated with aliskiren (DCM+DRI) or nothing (DCM+vehicle) in drinking water (see Methods Section). Black hash-marks indicate time points for measurement of body composition, while echocardiography and blood-tissue collection were completed at 90 days. The impact of aliskiren treatment on plasma (b) renin activity, (c) angiotensin II (Ang II), and (d) aldosterone levels at 90 days. The number of DCM mice is indicated. For reference, values for wild-type (WT) littermates are shown as a blue line (n = 4). Data analyzed with one-way ANOVA and represented as mean ± SE. Not significant (NS), ++ p < 0.01, +++ p < 0.001 (red, WT vs. DCM+vehicle; black, WT vs. DCM+DRI), *** p < 0.001 (DCM+vehicle vs. DCM+DRI).

Article Snippet: The direct renin-inhibitor group (DCM+DRI) was administered aliskiren hemifumarate (BOC Sciences, Shirley, NY, USA) at 100 mg/kg/day orally via single source drinking-water in autoclaved hanging bottles.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Clinical Proteomics, Activity Assay

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Normalizing Plasma Renin Activity in Experimental Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Effects on Edema, Cachexia, and Survival.

doi: 10.3390/ijms20163886

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Morphometric changes at 90 days. Heart weight to body weight (HW/BW, %) and lung weight to body weight (LW/BW, %) ratios at a 90-day collection of censored subgroups. DCM control (DCM+vehicle) and aliskiren treated (DCM+DRI) group sizes are shown. For reference, the mean ratios for wild-type mice (WT, n = 4) for HW/BW are shown as a blue dashed line and the LW/BW as a solid blue solid line. Data were analyzed with two-tailed unpaired t-test and represented as mean ± SE. Not significant (NS), ++ p < 0.01, +++ p < 0.001, ++++ p < 0.0001 (red, WT vs. DCM+vehicle; black, WT vs. DCM+DRI), * p < 0.05 (DCM+vehicle vs. DCM+DRI).

Article Snippet: The direct renin-inhibitor group (DCM+DRI) was administered aliskiren hemifumarate (BOC Sciences, Shirley, NY, USA) at 100 mg/kg/day orally via single source drinking-water in autoclaved hanging bottles.

Techniques: Control, Two Tailed Test

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Normalizing Plasma Renin Activity in Experimental Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Effects on Edema, Cachexia, and Survival.

doi: 10.3390/ijms20163886

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Impact of direct renin inhibitor, aliskiren (DRI-aliskiren) treatment on heart failure plasma biomarkers in female mice with dilated cardiomyopathy. (a) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP); (b) cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP); (c) corin; and (d) neprilysin plasma levels. DCM+vehicle (red bar) and DRI-aliskiren treated (DCM+DRI, black bar) group numbers are indicated. For reference, values for wild-type (WT) mice are shown as a blue dashed line (n = 4). Data analyzed with one-way ANOVA and represented as mean ± SE. Not significant (NS), + p < 0.05, ++ p < 0.01 (red, WT vs. DCM+vehicle; black, WT vs. DCM+DRI) and *** p < 0.001 (DCM+vehicle vs. DCM+DRI).

Article Snippet: The direct renin-inhibitor group (DCM+DRI) was administered aliskiren hemifumarate (BOC Sciences, Shirley, NY, USA) at 100 mg/kg/day orally via single source drinking-water in autoclaved hanging bottles.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Soluble (Pro)Renin Receptor Levels Are Regulated by Plasma Renin Activity and Correlated with Edema in Mice and Humans with HFrEF

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10081874

Figure Lengend Snippet: Plasma soluble (pro)renin receptor (s(P)RR) levels are correlated with plasma renin activity (PRA) and edema and suppressed by direct inhibition of renin activity in mice with DCM. ( a ) Experimental design: female mice with DCM (7 weeks of age corresponding stage B HF) were randomly assigned to treatment with direct renin inhibitor (DRI) aliskiren (DRI) in drinking water or vehicle (control, plain drinking water). PRA ( b ) and s(P)RR ( c ) level alterations in mice with DCM at 13 weeks of age after treatment with vehicle (control) or DRI. Arbitrary units (AU). Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison. ( d ) Spearman correlation analysis of s(P)RR ( b ) vs. PRA ( a ). The values for the wildtype (WT, n = 4 or 7) are shown as a black dotted line for reference. Association of s(P)RR plasma levels with systemic edema assessed by ECW ( e ) or EF ( f ) by Pearson’s correlation analysis. QMR—quantitative magnetic resonance for the extracellular water retention (ECW) monitoring; EF—ejection fraction. Data are presented as the mean ± SE; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 and **** p < 0.0001 for control vs. DRI; ++ p < 0.01 and ++++ p < 0.0001 for control vs. WT; ns—not significant.

Article Snippet: Female mice with DCM were randomly and blindly treated with DRI aliskiren hemifumarate (100 mg/kg/day in drinking water; BOC Sciences, Shirley, NY, USA) or vehicle starting from the stage B HF corresponding to 7 weeks of age [ ]), and characterized by pathologically elevated PRA levels as we previously reported [ ].

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Activity Assay, Inhibition, Control, Comparison

Journal: Current pharmaceutical design

Article Title: From laptop to benchtop to bedside: Structure-based Drug Design on Protein Targets

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Recent development in drug development starting from homology modeling

Article Snippet: These drugs include Aliskiren (Tekturna ® ), NVP-AUY922 (Novartis), LY-517717 (Eli Lilly), etc.

Techniques: