Journal: Cells

Article Title: A Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Endosomal TLRs Reduces Inflammation and Alleviates Autoimmune Disease Symptoms in Murine Models

doi: 10.3390/cells9071648

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell viability measurement and TNF-α-inhibitory profile of TAC5. ( A ) RAW 264.7 cells were treated with selected compounds at different concentrations (1, 10, 50, or 100 µM) for 24 h. Cell viability was measured by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The percentage of viable cells as compared to control is presented in a histogram. All experiments were independently conducted three times and mean ± SEM of the independent experiments was calculated by a two-tailed paired Student’s t -test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01). ( B ) RAW 264.7 cells were treated with the compounds TAC2, TAC5, and from TAC8 to TAC11 at concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 µM in the presence and/or absence of CL075 for 24 h. The secreted levels of TNF-α were measured in the cell culture supernatant by a TNF-α enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. ( C ) A two-dimensional representation of the chemical structure of TAC5. All experiments were independently conducted five times and the mean ± SEM of the independent experiments was calculated by a two-tailed paired Student’s t -test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01).

Article Snippet: Specifically, mouse urinary albumin levels were analyzed with a mouse albumin ELISA kit (41-ALBMS-E01, Alpco Diagnostics, Salem, NH, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: MTT Assay, Control, Two Tailed Test, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay