Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Combined effect of BCG vaccination and enriched environment promote neurogenesis and spatial cognition via a shift in meningeal macrophage M2 polarization

doi: 10.1186/s12974-017-0808-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: BCG vaccination elevated BDNF and IGF-1 levels in the hippocampus. a Confocal micrographs in the DG stained for BDNF. b Confocal micrographs in the DG stained for Iba-1 ( red ) and IGF-1 ( green ). c A higher magnification and single channels of the inset boxed area in b. d , e Quantification of BDNF and IGF-1 levels in the hippocampi of the four groups. Scale bars 50 μm in a and b ; 20 μm in c ; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 between indicated groups by two-way ANOVA, followed by LSD post hoc test. The data are presented as the means ± SEMs

Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used: anti-BrdU monoclonal antibodies (1:400, Oxford Biotechnology, UK), goat anti-DCX (1:400; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA), rabbit anti-BDNF (1:200; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), goat anti-mouse IGF-1 (1:200; BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA, USA), rat anti-mouse anti-CD3 (eBioscience, Santa Clara, CA, USA), rabbit anti-Iba-1 (1:1000; Wako Chemical, Japan), mouse anti-GFAP (1:10,000; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), mouse anti-IL-10 (1:200; BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA, USA), chicken anti-Arginase-1 (1:500; Merck Millipore, Germany), rat anti-CD11b (1:1000; BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA, USA), and mouse anti-NeuN (1:1000; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Combined effect of BCG vaccination and enriched environment promote neurogenesis and spatial cognition via a shift in meningeal macrophage M2 polarization

doi: 10.1186/s12974-017-0808-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: BCG vaccination enhances expression of hippocampal BDNF and IGF-1; this effect could be partially prevented by minocycline and anti-IL-10 antibody treatment (60 μg/mouse, BD Bioscience). a – d Representative confocal images of astrocytes (GFAP + ) lining brain borders secreting BDNF ( green ), 3V, third ventricle. d1 – d3 Single channels of image ( d ) are presented. e Quantitative analysis by immunoreactivity of BDNF expression of the PBS-Reg group, BCG-Reg group, PBS-Enr group, and the BCG-Enr group. f , g Quantitative analyses by RT-PCR of BDNF ( e ) and IGF-1 ( f ) mRNA levels from the BCG-Enr group treated with minocycline or PBS and the BCG-Enr group treated with anti-IL-10 or IgG isotype antibodies. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 between the indicated groups by Student’s t test ( n = 6 per group). Scale bars 20 μm in a – d . The data are presented as the means ± SEMs

Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used: anti-BrdU monoclonal antibodies (1:400, Oxford Biotechnology, UK), goat anti-DCX (1:400; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA), rabbit anti-BDNF (1:200; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), goat anti-mouse IGF-1 (1:200; BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA, USA), rat anti-mouse anti-CD3 (eBioscience, Santa Clara, CA, USA), rabbit anti-Iba-1 (1:1000; Wako Chemical, Japan), mouse anti-GFAP (1:10,000; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), mouse anti-IL-10 (1:200; BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA, USA), chicken anti-Arginase-1 (1:500; Merck Millipore, Germany), rat anti-CD11b (1:1000; BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA, USA), and mouse anti-NeuN (1:1000; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction