Journal: Cells

Article Title: BAP31 Modulates Mitochondrial Homeostasis Through PINK1/Parkin Pathway in MPTP Parkinsonism Mouse Models

doi: 10.3390/cells15020137

Figure Lengend Snippet: BAP31 is a potential regulatory factor mediating Parkinson’s disease in mice: ( a ) Reproductive flowchart of BAP31 fl/fl and Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl mice. ( b ) GO annotation classification histogram in the substantia nigra pars compacta of BAP31 fl/fl and Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl mice. ( c ) The KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in the substantia nigra pars compacta of BAP31 fl/fl and Scl6a3 cre-BAP31 fl/fl mice. ( d ) The volcanic pattern analysis of these differentially expressed genes. ( e ) The Venn diagrams of the sample database alongside the two Parkinson’s disease databases, GSE8397 -DEGs and GSE20164 -DEGs.

Article Snippet: Antibodies to BAP31 (#12226-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech Group, Chicago, IL, USA), TH (#ab6211, 1:1000, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), PINK1 (Santa Cruz;sc-517353, 1:1000, Signalway Antibody, College Park, MD, USA), BAP31 (11200-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech), PARK7 (11681-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech), PARK2 (14060-1-AP,1:1000, Proteintech), SP1 (WL02251, 1:1000, Wanlei Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), EN1 (ab108598, 1:1000, Abcam), and MFF (12186-1-AP, Proteintech) were used.

Techniques:

Journal: Cells

Article Title: BAP31 Modulates Mitochondrial Homeostasis Through PINK1/Parkin Pathway in MPTP Parkinsonism Mouse Models

doi: 10.3390/cells15020137

Figure Lengend Snippet: BAP31 deficiency increased behavioral dysfunction in MPTP-treated mice: ( a ) mRNA expression of BAP31 in primary DA neurons from Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl and BAP31 fl/fl analyzed by real-time PCR (BAP31 fl/fl mice, n = 3; Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl , n = 3). ( b ) Protein expression of BAP31 in primary DA neurons from Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl and BAP31 fl/fl , detected by WB (BAP31 fl/fl mice, n = 3; Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl , n = 3). ( c – f ) Behavioral results of 6-month-old Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl and BAP31 fl/fl mice injected with saline or MPTP (half male and female). ( c ) Walking time of the balance beam test. ( d ) Pole climbing test. ( e ) Rotating rod experiment. ( f ) The open-field test. (Experimental group: BAP31 fl/fl mice, n = 12; Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl mice, n = 12; BAP31 fl/fl mice injected with MPTP, n = 12; and Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl mice injected with MPTP, n = 12). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Antibodies to BAP31 (#12226-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech Group, Chicago, IL, USA), TH (#ab6211, 1:1000, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), PINK1 (Santa Cruz;sc-517353, 1:1000, Signalway Antibody, College Park, MD, USA), BAP31 (11200-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech), PARK7 (11681-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech), PARK2 (14060-1-AP,1:1000, Proteintech), SP1 (WL02251, 1:1000, Wanlei Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), EN1 (ab108598, 1:1000, Abcam), and MFF (12186-1-AP, Proteintech) were used.

Techniques: Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Injection, Saline

Journal: Cells

Article Title: BAP31 Modulates Mitochondrial Homeostasis Through PINK1/Parkin Pathway in MPTP Parkinsonism Mouse Models

doi: 10.3390/cells15020137

Figure Lengend Snippet: BAP31 deficiency increased neuron loss induced by MPTP-treated mice: ( a ) Expression levels of NeuN and GFAP were detected by immunofluorescence assay. Scale bar = 50 μm. Experimental groups: BAP31 fl/fl mice, n = 3; Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl mice, n = 3; BAP31 fl/fl mice injected with MPTP, n = 3; and Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl mice injected with MPTP, n = 3. ( b ) Results of HE staining in the midbrain of mice. Scale bar = 500 or 100 μm. ( c ) Results of HE staining in the striatum of mice. Scale bar = 500 or 100 μm. Experimental groups: BAP31 fl/fl mice, n = 3; Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl mice, n = 3; BAP31 fl/fl mice injected with MPTP, n = 3; and Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl mice injected with MPTP, n = 3. ( d ) The ultrastructure of the nucleus in the midbrain and striatum of mice was observed by an electron microscope. Scale bar = 1 μm. Experimental groups: BAP31 fl/fl mice, n = 3; Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl mice, n = 3; BAP31 fl/fl mice injected with MPTP, n = 3; and Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl mice injected with MPTP n = 3. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Antibodies to BAP31 (#12226-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech Group, Chicago, IL, USA), TH (#ab6211, 1:1000, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), PINK1 (Santa Cruz;sc-517353, 1:1000, Signalway Antibody, College Park, MD, USA), BAP31 (11200-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech), PARK7 (11681-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech), PARK2 (14060-1-AP,1:1000, Proteintech), SP1 (WL02251, 1:1000, Wanlei Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), EN1 (ab108598, 1:1000, Abcam), and MFF (12186-1-AP, Proteintech) were used.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Injection, Staining, Microscopy

Journal: Cells

Article Title: BAP31 Modulates Mitochondrial Homeostasis Through PINK1/Parkin Pathway in MPTP Parkinsonism Mouse Models

doi: 10.3390/cells15020137

Figure Lengend Snippet: BAP31 deficiency increased dopamine neuron loss in MPTP-treated mice: ( a , b ) TH content in the midbrain and striatum of mice was detected by immunohistochemistry. Scale bar = 500, 200, or 50 μm. ( c ) TH level in the midbrain and striatum of mice was detected by WB. ( d ) BAP31 deficiency affected the DAT level in the brain of MPTP-treated mice. Scale bar = 50 μm. ( e ) ELISA detected the DA, DOPAC, and HVA levels in the midbrain and striatum of the brains of mice. Experimental groups: BAP31 fl/fl mice, n = 3; Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl mice, n = 3; BAP31 fl/fl mice injected with MPTP, n = 3; and Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl mice injected with MPTP n = 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Antibodies to BAP31 (#12226-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech Group, Chicago, IL, USA), TH (#ab6211, 1:1000, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), PINK1 (Santa Cruz;sc-517353, 1:1000, Signalway Antibody, College Park, MD, USA), BAP31 (11200-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech), PARK7 (11681-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech), PARK2 (14060-1-AP,1:1000, Proteintech), SP1 (WL02251, 1:1000, Wanlei Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), EN1 (ab108598, 1:1000, Abcam), and MFF (12186-1-AP, Proteintech) were used.

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Injection

Journal: Cells

Article Title: BAP31 Modulates Mitochondrial Homeostasis Through PINK1/Parkin Pathway in MPTP Parkinsonism Mouse Models

doi: 10.3390/cells15020137

Figure Lengend Snippet: BAP31 deficiency results in MPTP-lesioned mitochondrial homeostasis in PD mice: ( a – e ) The ultrastructure of mitochondria in the midbrain and striatum of mice was observed using electron microscopy. Mitochondrial status was rated as I–IV, and the number of different grades was counted. Scale bar = 1 μm. ( f ) The content of BAP31, MFF, Drp1, FIS1, MFN1, and OPA1 in the midbrain and striatum was detected by WB. Experimental groups: BAP31 fl/fl mice, n = 3; Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl mice, n = 3; BAP31 fl/fl mice injected with MPTP, n = 3; and Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl mice injected with MPTP, n = 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Antibodies to BAP31 (#12226-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech Group, Chicago, IL, USA), TH (#ab6211, 1:1000, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), PINK1 (Santa Cruz;sc-517353, 1:1000, Signalway Antibody, College Park, MD, USA), BAP31 (11200-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech), PARK7 (11681-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech), PARK2 (14060-1-AP,1:1000, Proteintech), SP1 (WL02251, 1:1000, Wanlei Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), EN1 (ab108598, 1:1000, Abcam), and MFF (12186-1-AP, Proteintech) were used.

Techniques: Electron Microscopy, Injection

Journal: Cells

Article Title: BAP31 Modulates Mitochondrial Homeostasis Through PINK1/Parkin Pathway in MPTP Parkinsonism Mouse Models

doi: 10.3390/cells15020137

Figure Lengend Snippet: BAP31 deficiency affected the expression of PINK1/Parkin pathway-related proteins in MPTP-treated mice: ( a ) GeneCard scores of PD-related genes, indicating 19 genes with scores above 90. ( b ) The mRNA levels of each protein in the mouse brain were analyzed by qPCR. ( c ) The protein expressions of BAP31, PINK1, and Parkin were detected and quantitatively analyzed by WB. ( d , e ) The results of immunofluorescence double staining indicated the fluorescence levels of PINK1 and Parkin in the midbrain and striatum of mice. Scale bar = 50 μm. Experimental groups: BAP31 fl/fl mice, n = 3; Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl mice, n = 3; BAP31 fl/fl mice injected with MPTP, n = 3; and Slc6a3cre-BAP31 fl/fl mice injected with MPTP, n = 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Antibodies to BAP31 (#12226-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech Group, Chicago, IL, USA), TH (#ab6211, 1:1000, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), PINK1 (Santa Cruz;sc-517353, 1:1000, Signalway Antibody, College Park, MD, USA), BAP31 (11200-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech), PARK7 (11681-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech), PARK2 (14060-1-AP,1:1000, Proteintech), SP1 (WL02251, 1:1000, Wanlei Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), EN1 (ab108598, 1:1000, Abcam), and MFF (12186-1-AP, Proteintech) were used.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Double Staining, Fluorescence, Injection

Journal: Cells

Article Title: BAP31 Modulates Mitochondrial Homeostasis Through PINK1/Parkin Pathway in MPTP Parkinsonism Mouse Models

doi: 10.3390/cells15020137

Figure Lengend Snippet: BAP31 regulated the levels of PINK1 through EN1: ( a ) SH-SY5Y was transfected with siBAP31, and a Flag tag and WB were performed to observe changes in PINK1 protein levels. ( b ) Co-IP results indicate BAP31 and PINK1. ( c ) SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with siBAP31, and changes in SP1 and EN1 protein levels were observed by WB. ( d ) SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with Flag, and changes in SP1 and EN1 protein levels were detected by WB. ( e ) Correlation analysis of BAP31 and EN1. ( f ) WB analysis of PINK1 expression in cells transfected with siRNA-BAP31 and overexpressing EN1. ( g ) Analysis of the mRNA level of PINK1 expression in cells transfected with siRNA-BAP31 and those overexpressing EN1. ( h ) WB analysis of PINK1 expression in cells transfected with siRNA-EN1 and overexpressing BAP31. ( i ) Analysis of the mRNA level of PINK1 expression in cells transfected with siRNA-EN1 and overexpressing BAP31. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Antibodies to BAP31 (#12226-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech Group, Chicago, IL, USA), TH (#ab6211, 1:1000, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), PINK1 (Santa Cruz;sc-517353, 1:1000, Signalway Antibody, College Park, MD, USA), BAP31 (11200-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech), PARK7 (11681-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech), PARK2 (14060-1-AP,1:1000, Proteintech), SP1 (WL02251, 1:1000, Wanlei Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), EN1 (ab108598, 1:1000, Abcam), and MFF (12186-1-AP, Proteintech) were used.

Techniques: Transfection, FLAG-tag, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Expressing

Journal: Cells

Article Title: BAP31 Modulates Mitochondrial Homeostasis Through PINK1/Parkin Pathway in MPTP Parkinsonism Mouse Models

doi: 10.3390/cells15020137

Figure Lengend Snippet: We used arrowheads (→) to indicate activation or positive regulation and T-shaped arrowheads (--|) to indicate inhibition or negative regulation. In this study, we found that BAP31 deficiency down-regulated the PINK1 transcription factor EN1, thereby impairing the PINK1–Parkin pathway. This disruption led to an imbalance in mitochondrial fission and fusion, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of dopamine neurons, and ultimately exacerbated PD development.

Article Snippet: Antibodies to BAP31 (#12226-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech Group, Chicago, IL, USA), TH (#ab6211, 1:1000, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), PINK1 (Santa Cruz;sc-517353, 1:1000, Signalway Antibody, College Park, MD, USA), BAP31 (11200-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech), PARK7 (11681-1-AP, 1:1000, Proteintech), PARK2 (14060-1-AP,1:1000, Proteintech), SP1 (WL02251, 1:1000, Wanlei Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), EN1 (ab108598, 1:1000, Abcam), and MFF (12186-1-AP, Proteintech) were used.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Inhibition, Disruption