Journal: International Journal of Obesity (2005)

Article Title: Loss of anti-contractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue in offspring of obese rats

doi: 10.1038/ijo.2016.62

Figure Lengend Snippet: NO contributes to the anti-contractile effect of PVAT. NOS inhibition with l -NMMA increased contractions to U46619 in arteries with and without PVAT from 12-week-old offspring of control ( a and c ) and HFD ( b and d ) dams, which abolished the anti-contractile effect of PVAT. Data are expressed as mean±s.e.m., n =8, * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, **** P <0.0001, two-way analysis of variance.

Article Snippet: Where appropriate, arteries were incubated with the AMPK activator—A769662 (6,7-dihydro-4-hydroxy-3-(2′-hydroxy[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-6-oxo-thieno[2,3- b ]pyridine-5—carbonitrile, 10 μ M , R&D Systems) for an hour and/or NOS inhibitor— l -NMMA acetate (N G -monomethyl- l -arginine, 100 μ M , R&D Systems) for 45 min. Functional endothelial integrity was assessed by relaxation to acetylcholine (10 μ M , Sigma- Aldrich) in arteries pre-contracted with U46619.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: International Journal of Obesity (2005)

Article Title: Loss of anti-contractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue in offspring of obese rats

doi: 10.1038/ijo.2016.62

Figure Lengend Snippet: NO synthase inhibition increases contractions in 24-week-old offspring of HFD dams. NOS inhibition with 100 μ M l -NMMA increased contractions to U46619 in PVAT-denuded vessels from 24-week-old offspring of control ( a ) and HFD ( b ) dams but was more pronounced in the latter. It also led to an increase in contractions in PVAT-intact mesenteric arteries isolated from 24-week-old offspring of control ( c ) and HFD ( d ) dams, which abolished the anti-contractile effect of PVAT. Data are expressed as mean±s.e.m., n =8, * P <0.05, **** P <0.0001, two-way analysis of variance.

Article Snippet: Where appropriate, arteries were incubated with the AMPK activator—A769662 (6,7-dihydro-4-hydroxy-3-(2′-hydroxy[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-6-oxo-thieno[2,3- b ]pyridine-5—carbonitrile, 10 μ M , R&D Systems) for an hour and/or NOS inhibitor— l -NMMA acetate (N G -monomethyl- l -arginine, 100 μ M , R&D Systems) for 45 min. Functional endothelial integrity was assessed by relaxation to acetylcholine (10 μ M , Sigma- Aldrich) in arteries pre-contracted with U46619.

Techniques: Inhibition, Isolation

Journal: International Journal of Obesity (2005)

Article Title: Loss of anti-contractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue in offspring of obese rats

doi: 10.1038/ijo.2016.62

Figure Lengend Snippet: AMPK reduces vascular contraction in NO-dependent manner in control offspring. AMPK activation with 10 μ M A769662 (A76) reduced vascular contractions to U46619 in arteries without PVAT from 12- and 24-week-old offspring of control ( a ) and HFD ( b ) dams; this was abolished in the presence of NOS inhibitor (100 μ M , l -NMMA) in the control ( a ) but not in HFD ( b ) vessels. AMPK activation also reduced contractions to U46619 in PVAT-intact arteries from control ( c ) and HFD ( d ) vessels, whereas in the presence of l -NMMA, it led to a large increase in contraction in offspring of control ( c ) but not in offspring of HFD ( d ) dams. A76 also reduced vascular contractions to U46619 in arteries without ( a and b ) and with ( c and d ) PVAT from 24-week-old offspring of control ( e and g ) and HFD ( f and h ) dams in a NO-dependent manner. Data are expressed as mean±s.e.m., n =8, * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001, **** P <0.0001, two-way analysis of variance.

Article Snippet: Where appropriate, arteries were incubated with the AMPK activator—A769662 (6,7-dihydro-4-hydroxy-3-(2′-hydroxy[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-6-oxo-thieno[2,3- b ]pyridine-5—carbonitrile, 10 μ M , R&D Systems) for an hour and/or NOS inhibitor— l -NMMA acetate (N G -monomethyl- l -arginine, 100 μ M , R&D Systems) for 45 min. Functional endothelial integrity was assessed by relaxation to acetylcholine (10 μ M , Sigma- Aldrich) in arteries pre-contracted with U46619.

Techniques: Activation Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Divergent expression patterns of pituitary gonadotropin subunit and GnRH receptor genes to continuous GnRH in vitro and in vivo

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56480-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of in vivo injection of a GnRH receptor agonist and antagonist on Lhb expression. Experiments were performed with prepubertal female and male rats. ( A – D ) Effects of injection of buserelin acetate, a GnRH receptor agonist (5 µg/0.4 ml per animal), cetrorelix acetate, a GnRH receptor antagonist (100 µg/0.4 ml per animals,) or solvent (0.4 ml PBS) intraperitoneally. Animals were sacrificed 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 h after injection ( A ) or 3, 6 and 9 h after injection ( B – D ). Values were normalized vs. Gapdh ( A , B , D ) or Rpl19 ( C ).

Article Snippet: For in vivo experiments, 4-week old animals were injected once intraperitoneally with a GnRH receptor agonist, buserelin acetate (5 μg/0.4 ml/per animal) from Sigma (St. Louis, MO), a GnRH receptor antagonist, cetrorelix acetate (100 μg/0.4 ml/per animal) from Tocris (Minneapolis, MN), or vehicle (0.4 ml/per animal).

Techniques: In Vivo, Injection, Expressing, Solvent

Journal: Journal of Chromatography. a

Article Title: Capture of the volatile carbonyl metabolite of flecainide on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine cartridge for quantitation by stable-isotope dilution mass spectrometry coupled with chromatography

doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.067

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flecainide dealkylation by cytochrome P450 [6].

Article Snippet: Chemicals Flecainide acetate was purchased from Tocris (Ellisville, MO).

Techniques: