Journal: International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance

Article Title: In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial agents on Acanthamoeba sp. and evidence of a natural resilience to amphotericin B

doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.09.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro activities of antimicrobial drugs on Acanthamoeba castellanii .

Article Snippet: Two Acanthamoeba castellanii strains (ATCC 30010 strain and CCAP 1534/3 strain) isolated from environment, and two Acanthamoeba polyphaga strains (ATCC 50371 strain and CCAP 1501/3G strain) isolated from human eye infection were maintained twice a week at 27 °C in the dark without shaking in PYG medium (ATCC medium 712) containing 2% (w/v) proteose peptone, 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract, 400 μM CaCl 2 , 4 mM MgSO 4 , 2.5 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 2.5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 50 μM (NH 4 ) 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 , 100 mM glucose.

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal: International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance

Article Title: In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial agents on Acanthamoeba sp. and evidence of a natural resilience to amphotericin B

doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.09.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Activities of drug combinations on Acanthamoeba castellanii .

Article Snippet: Two Acanthamoeba castellanii strains (ATCC 30010 strain and CCAP 1534/3 strain) isolated from environment, and two Acanthamoeba polyphaga strains (ATCC 50371 strain and CCAP 1501/3G strain) isolated from human eye infection were maintained twice a week at 27 °C in the dark without shaking in PYG medium (ATCC medium 712) containing 2% (w/v) proteose peptone, 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract, 400 μM CaCl 2 , 4 mM MgSO 4 , 2.5 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 2.5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 50 μM (NH 4 ) 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 , 100 mM glucose.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance

Article Title: In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial agents on Acanthamoeba sp. and evidence of a natural resilience to amphotericin B

doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.09.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evolution of Amphotericin B IC 50 at 3, 4 and 5 days of treatment on different strains of A. castellanii and A. polyphaga .

Article Snippet: Two Acanthamoeba castellanii strains (ATCC 30010 strain and CCAP 1534/3 strain) isolated from environment, and two Acanthamoeba polyphaga strains (ATCC 50371 strain and CCAP 1501/3G strain) isolated from human eye infection were maintained twice a week at 27 °C in the dark without shaking in PYG medium (ATCC medium 712) containing 2% (w/v) proteose peptone, 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract, 400 μM CaCl 2 , 4 mM MgSO 4 , 2.5 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 2.5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 50 μM (NH 4 ) 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 , 100 mM glucose.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance

Article Title: In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial agents on Acanthamoeba sp. and evidence of a natural resilience to amphotericin B

doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.09.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of Amphotericin B pre-incubation in culture medium on IC 50 evolution at 3, 4 and 5 days of treatment on Acanthamoeba castellanii .

Article Snippet: Two Acanthamoeba castellanii strains (ATCC 30010 strain and CCAP 1534/3 strain) isolated from environment, and two Acanthamoeba polyphaga strains (ATCC 50371 strain and CCAP 1501/3G strain) isolated from human eye infection were maintained twice a week at 27 °C in the dark without shaking in PYG medium (ATCC medium 712) containing 2% (w/v) proteose peptone, 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract, 400 μM CaCl 2 , 4 mM MgSO 4 , 2.5 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 2.5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 50 μM (NH 4 ) 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 , 100 mM glucose.

Techniques: Control

Journal: International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance

Article Title: In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial agents on Acanthamoeba sp. and evidence of a natural resilience to amphotericin B

doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.09.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of Acanthamoeba castellanii pre-incubation with Amphotericin B on IC 50 evolution at 3, 4 and 5 days after treatment.

Article Snippet: Two Acanthamoeba castellanii strains (ATCC 30010 strain and CCAP 1534/3 strain) isolated from environment, and two Acanthamoeba polyphaga strains (ATCC 50371 strain and CCAP 1501/3G strain) isolated from human eye infection were maintained twice a week at 27 °C in the dark without shaking in PYG medium (ATCC medium 712) containing 2% (w/v) proteose peptone, 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract, 400 μM CaCl 2 , 4 mM MgSO 4 , 2.5 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 2.5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 50 μM (NH 4 ) 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 , 100 mM glucose.

Techniques: Control

Journal: International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance

Article Title: In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial agents on Acanthamoeba sp. and evidence of a natural resilience to amphotericin B

doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.09.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of amphotericin B treatment on Acanthamoeba castellanii growth curve. Growth curves of naive A. castellanii cultured in the presence (◯) or absence (●) of 250 μM amphotericin B and of A. castellanii pre-incubated with 250 μM amphotericin B for 3 months cultured in the presence (□) or absence (■) of 250 μM amphotericin B. The curves were generated by counting amoebae under light microscope once (◯, ■) or twice (●, □) a day using a Malassez chamber. This analysis was performed using the A. castellanii ATCC 30010 strain. The results correspond to the mean of three independent experiments ± SD.

Article Snippet: Two Acanthamoeba castellanii strains (ATCC 30010 strain and CCAP 1534/3 strain) isolated from environment, and two Acanthamoeba polyphaga strains (ATCC 50371 strain and CCAP 1501/3G strain) isolated from human eye infection were maintained twice a week at 27 °C in the dark without shaking in PYG medium (ATCC medium 712) containing 2% (w/v) proteose peptone, 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract, 400 μM CaCl 2 , 4 mM MgSO 4 , 2.5 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 2.5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 50 μM (NH 4 ) 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 , 100 mM glucose.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Incubation, Generated, Light Microscopy

Journal: International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance

Article Title: In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial agents on Acanthamoeba sp. and evidence of a natural resilience to amphotericin B

doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.09.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Influence of effectors on the evolution of amphotericin B antiacanthamoebal activity. Amphotericin B antiacanthamoebal activity was evaluated at 3, 4 and 5 days of treatment in the presence of 100 μM potassium cyanide (KCN), 100 μM glibenclamide, 20 μM valinomycin, 1 μM calcimycin, 30 μM BAPTA-AM, 10 μM valspodar, 1 μM latrunculin B, 25 μM vinblastine, 50 μM wortmannin or 10 μM dichlorobenzonitrile (A), or 0.1 μM voriconazole or 1 μM staurosporine (B). These drug concentrations were determined to inhibit ≤25% of parasite growth after 3 days of incubation ( Table S1 ). Amoebae were pre-treated with drugs alone for 4 h at twice these concentrations prior to start the evaluation. The IC 50 ratios correspond to the IC 50 obtained at 3, 4 or 5 days normalized to the IC 50 at 3 days. Thus, an increase in this ratio between 3 and 5 days of treatment reflects an increase of IC 50 . These evaluations were performed using the Acanthamoeba castellanii ATCC 30010 strain. The results correspond to the mean of three independent experiments ± SD.

Article Snippet: Two Acanthamoeba castellanii strains (ATCC 30010 strain and CCAP 1534/3 strain) isolated from environment, and two Acanthamoeba polyphaga strains (ATCC 50371 strain and CCAP 1501/3G strain) isolated from human eye infection were maintained twice a week at 27 °C in the dark without shaking in PYG medium (ATCC medium 712) containing 2% (w/v) proteose peptone, 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract, 400 μM CaCl 2 , 4 mM MgSO 4 , 2.5 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 2.5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 50 μM (NH 4 ) 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 , 100 mM glucose.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Incubation

Journal: International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance

Article Title: In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial agents on Acanthamoeba sp. and evidence of a natural resilience to amphotericin B

doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.09.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ultrastructural analysis of Acanthamoeba castellanii treated with amphotericin B. A. castellanii cultured in absence of amphotericin B for a period of 3 days corresponding to the log phase (A-D), or in the presence of 250 μM amphotericin B for a period of 3 days (E-H), 7 days (I-L), or 10 days (M-O) corresponding to early-, late-log and stationary phase, respectively. Apart from the image K which is a higher magnification of image I, all images were collected from different cells at the following magnification: 1000× (A), 1200× (E), 1500× (I and M), 4000× (F), 5000× (B, C, J and N), 6000× (G and K), 8000× (H) and 10000× (D, L and O). These evaluations were performed using the Acanthamoeba castellanii ATCC 30010 strain. ★: mitochondria; N: Nucleus; WEV: Water-Expulsion Vesicle; g: intracristae granule; arrow: mitochondrial membrane swelling; arrowhead: double membrane surrounding mitochondria.

Article Snippet: Two Acanthamoeba castellanii strains (ATCC 30010 strain and CCAP 1534/3 strain) isolated from environment, and two Acanthamoeba polyphaga strains (ATCC 50371 strain and CCAP 1501/3G strain) isolated from human eye infection were maintained twice a week at 27 °C in the dark without shaking in PYG medium (ATCC medium 712) containing 2% (w/v) proteose peptone, 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract, 400 μM CaCl 2 , 4 mM MgSO 4 , 2.5 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 2.5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 50 μM (NH 4 ) 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 , 100 mM glucose.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Membrane

Journal: Optometry and Vision Science

Article Title: Fibrous Catalyst–Enhanced Acanthamoeba Disinfection by Hydrogen Peroxide

doi: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001126

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 1. Killing efficacy of commercial peroxide systems against trophozoites of A. castellanii (ATCC 50370) (A) and A. polyphaga (ATCC 30461) (B). Fabric refers to the iron-containing fabric catalyst. Each data point represents the mean ± SD of three individual tests. In each case, the catalyst enhances reduction of the trophozoites 2 logs over the controls.

Article Snippet: According to US patents 8410011B2 and 8513303B2, creation of the iron-containing catalyst was carried out using a base material of 50:50 nonfunctional propylene:polyacryonitrile, with approximate density of 0.256 g/cm3 with the final catalytic iron content ranging from 0.92 to 1.71% wt./wt.11,12 Acanthamoeba castellanii (ATCC 50370) and Acanthamoeba polyphaga (ATCC 30461) were used in the study.

Techniques:

Journal: Optometry and Vision Science

Article Title: Fibrous Catalyst–Enhanced Acanthamoeba Disinfection by Hydrogen Peroxide

doi: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001126

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 2. Killing efficacy of commercial peroxide systems against cysts of A. castellanii (ATCC 50370) (A) and A. polyphaga (ATCC 30461) (B). Fabric refers to the iron-containing fabric catalyst. Each data point represents the mean ± SD of three individual tests. In each case, the catalyst enhances re- duction of the cysts 2 logs over the controls.

Article Snippet: According to US patents 8410011B2 and 8513303B2, creation of the iron-containing catalyst was carried out using a base material of 50:50 nonfunctional propylene:polyacryonitrile, with approximate density of 0.256 g/cm3 with the final catalytic iron content ranging from 0.92 to 1.71% wt./wt.11,12 Acanthamoeba castellanii (ATCC 50370) and Acanthamoeba polyphaga (ATCC 30461) were used in the study.

Techniques:

Journal: Acta Tropica

Article Title: Isolation and characterization of Acanthamoeba spp. from air-conditioners in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.09.004

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percentage of sequence similarities for present Acanthamoeba isolates against the published 18S rRNA gene sequences of specified Acanthamoeba spp. retrieved from the GenBank database.

Article Snippet: IMU8 , A. castellanii CDC:0180:1 (99) , A. culbertsoni Diamond (99) A. hatchetti 3ST (99) A. polyphaga ATCC 50372 (99).

Techniques: Sequencing

Journal: Acta Tropica

Article Title: Isolation and characterization of Acanthamoeba spp. from air-conditioners in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.09.004

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cysts of Acanthamoeba isolates grew in xenic (top row) and axenic (bottom row) culture conditions. In xenic culture condition, cysts of respective isolates revealed the typical cysts morphology of the named species (A) A. castellanii (IMU9), (B) A. culbertsoni (IMU11), (C) A. griffin (IMU14), (D) A. lenticulata (IMU17), (E) A. polyphaga (IMU19). In contrast, axenic cysts of all isolates no longer revealed the characteristic morphologies of the respective species; they were generally bigger and round in shapes. Images were viewed under bright field microscopy. Bars represent 10 μm.

Article Snippet: IMU8 , A. castellanii CDC:0180:1 (99) , A. culbertsoni Diamond (99) A. hatchetti 3ST (99) A. polyphaga ATCC 50372 (99).

Techniques: Microscopy

Journal: Acta Tropica

Article Title: Isolation and characterization of Acanthamoeba spp. from air-conditioners in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.09.004

Figure Lengend Snippet: Morphological characteristics of Acanthamoeba isolates investigated in this study.

Article Snippet: IMU8 , A. castellanii CDC:0180:1 (99) , A. culbertsoni Diamond (99) A. hatchetti 3ST (99) A. polyphaga ATCC 50372 (99).

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery

Journal:

Article Title: Fluorescent Oligonucleotide Probes for Clinical and Environmental Detection of Acanthamoeba and the T4 18S rRNA Gene Sequence Type

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Acanthamoeba strains used in testing the genus- and T4-specific probes a

Article Snippet: A. griffini Panola Mt. a , ATCC 30487 , T3.

Techniques: Sequencing