Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Article Title: An inherited mutation in NLRC4 causes autoinflammation in human and mice

doi: 10.1084/jem.20141091

Figure Lengend Snippet: A mutation in NLRC4 induces overproduction of IL-1β through activation of caspase-1. (a) Flag-tagged wild-type, mutant NLRC4 expression vectors or empty vector (EV) were transfected into 293T cells. 2 d later, after the cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE, Western blotting was performed with an anti-Flag or anti-actin antibody. Red triangle indicates NLRC4. The data in the figure are representative of three independent experiments. (b) Cell lysates from 293T cells transfected with empty vector (EV), flag-tagged wild-type, or mutant NLRC4 were subjected to Blue Native PAGE and the expression of the tagged proteins or actin was evaluated by Western blotting with an anti-Flag or actin antibody, respectively. The data in the figure are representative of three independent experiments. (c) 293T cells were transfected with a CASP1 expression vector together with empty vector (EV), an expression vector for wild-type or mutant NLRC4 . 24 h later, the expression of procaspase-1, cleaved active caspase-1 (10 kD), and actin was evaluated by Western blotting. Red triangles indicate procaspase-1, cleaved active caspase-1, and actin. The data in the figure are representative of five independent experiments. (d) 293T cells were transfected with expression vectors for CASP1 and IL1B together with empty vector (EV), an expression vector for wild-type or mutant NLRC4 . 24 h later, the concentration of IL-1β in the supernatant was evaluated by ELISA. The data are shown as means ± SD (**, P < 0.01; n = 5). The data in the figure are representative of three independent experiments. (e) Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were transfected with three concentrations of Prgl and cultured for 48 h. The concentrations of IL-1β in the supernatants were measured by ELISA. The data shown are means ± SD (**, P < 0.01). The data in the figure are representative of three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: The concentration of G-CSF was measured with the Mouse G-CSF Quantikine ELISA kit (R&D Systems).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Activation Assay, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Transfection, SDS Page, Western Blot, Blue Native PAGE, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cell Culture

Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Article Title: An inherited mutation in NLRC4 causes autoinflammation in human and mice

doi: 10.1084/jem.20141091

Figure Lengend Snippet: BM-derived macrophages that overexpress mutant Nlrc4 secrete IL-1β. BM-derived macrophages (BMMC) infected with control retrovirus, retroviruses encoding wild-type, or mutant Nlrc4 were stimulated with 10 µg/ml LPS for 1 d in the absence (black) or presence (gray) of a caspase-1 inhibitor. As the control, unstimulated BMMCs were used (white). The concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 in the supernatant were measured by ELISA. The data shown are means ± SD (*, P < 0.05; n = 5). The data shown in this figure are representative of three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: The concentration of G-CSF was measured with the Mouse G-CSF Quantikine ELISA kit (R&D Systems).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Mutagenesis, Infection, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Article Title: An inherited mutation in NLRC4 causes autoinflammation in human and mice

doi: 10.1084/jem.20141091

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokine production in mu-Nlrc4 mice or mice reconstituted with mutant Nlrc4 transduced BM cells. (a) Splenocytes from wild-type or mu-Nlrc4 mice were stimulated with LPS for 24 h, and the concentration of IL-1β in each supernatant was evaluated by ELISA. The data shown are means ± SD (**, P < 0.01). N.D.: not detected. The data in the figure are representative of three independent experiments. (b) The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-17A, and G-CSF in the serum of wild-type (white) and mu-Nlrc4 (black) mice at the age of 8 wk were evaluated by ELISA. For all panels, the data shown are means ± SD (**, P < 0.01; n = 5). N.D.: not detected. The data in the figure are representative of three independent experiments. (c) Intraperitoneal cells or splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice transplanted with BM cells infected with control virus (white), wild-type (black), or mutant Nlrc4 (gray)-encoding virus were evaluated for the number of Gr1 + CD11b + cells 2 mo after the transplantation. The data shown are means ± SD (*, P < 0.05; n = 5 in each group). The data in the figure are representative of three independent experiments. (d) Irradiated C57BL/6 mice were reconstituted with BM cells infected with control virus (white), wild-type (black), or mutant Nlrc4 (gray)-encoding virus. Serum IL-1β, IL-17A, and G-CSF were evaluated by ELISA 6 wk after BM transplantation. For all panels, the data shown are means ± SD (**, P < 0.01; n = 5). N.D.: not detected. The data in the figure are representative of two independent experiments.

Article Snippet: The concentration of G-CSF was measured with the Mouse G-CSF Quantikine ELISA kit (R&D Systems).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Infection, Control, Virus, Transplantation Assay, Irradiation

Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Article Title: An inherited mutation in NLRC4 causes autoinflammation in human and mice

doi: 10.1084/jem.20141091

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cold exposure of mu-Nlrc4 mice increases autoinflammation. (a) The footpads of C57BL/6 (wild type; white) and mu-Nlrc4 (black) mice were exposed to 4°C for 5 min. The thickness of each footpad was measured before and after exposure to the cold stimulus. The data are shown as the ratio of the thickness after exposure to the thickness before exposure. The data are shown as means ± SD (**, P < 0.01; n = 5). The data in the figure are representative of three independent experiments. (b) Irradiated C57BL/6 mice were reconstituted with BM cells infected with control virus (white), wild-type (black), or mutant Nlrc4 (gray)-encoding virus. The footpads were exposed to 4°C for 5 min. The thickness of each footpad was measured before and after exposure to the cold stimulus. The data are shown as the ratio of the thickness after exposure to the thickness before exposure. The data are shown as means ± SD (**, P < 0.01; n = 5). The data in the figure are representative of three independent experiments. (c) The entire bodies of control C57BL/6 and mu-Nlrc4 mice were exposed to 4°C for 1 min and kept for 3 min at room temperature, and then the serum concentrations of IL-1β were measured. The data are shown as means ± SD. N.D., not detected. (**, P < 0.01; n = 5). The data in the figure are representative of three independent experiments. (d) MC/9 cells infected with control retrovirus (white), retroviruses encoding wild-type (black), or mutant Nlrc4 (gray) were cultured at 32 or 37°C for 48 h. 293T cells were transfected with control vector (white), vectors encoding wild-type (black), or mutant NLRC4 (gray) and 48 h later, cells were washed and cultured at 32 or 37°C for 6 h. The levels of IL-1β in the supernatants were evaluated by ELISA. The data are shown as the mean ratio of the IL-1β level in cells cultured at 32°C to the level in cells cultured at 37°C. The data are shown as means ± SD (*, P < 0.05). The data in the figure are representative of three independent experiments. (e) Peripheral mononuclear cells from an FCAS patient or a healthy control were cultured at 32°C for 48 h in the presence (black) or absence (white) of a caspase inhibitor or cultured at 37°C for 48 h. The level of IL-1β in the supernatant was evaluated by ELISA. The data are shown as the mean ratio of the IL-1β level in cells cultured at 32°C to the level in cells cultured at 37°C. The data are shown as means ± SD (**, P < 0.01). The data in the figure are representative of two independent experiments.

Article Snippet: The concentration of G-CSF was measured with the Mouse G-CSF Quantikine ELISA kit (R&D Systems).

Techniques: Irradiation, Infection, Control, Virus, Mutagenesis, Cell Culture, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Article Title: An inherited mutation in NLRC4 causes autoinflammation in human and mice

doi: 10.1084/jem.20141091

Figure Lengend Snippet: The accumulation of neutrophils in mu-Nlrc4 mice depends on IL-1β and IL-17A. (a) Spleen cells from C57BL/6 or mu-Nlrc4 mice at the age of 12 wk were stimulated with 25 ng/ml PMA and 1 µg/ml ionomycin in the presence of 2 µM monensin for 5 h and then stained with anti–TCR-β, anti–TCR-γδ, anti-B220, anti-CD11c, anti-NK1.1, anti-Gr1, and anti-CD11b antibodies. The cells were fixed and stained with anti–IL-17A antibody. The expression of IL-17A was analyzed by flow cytometry. The number in each rectangle indicates the percentage of IL-17A–positive cells in the lineage-negative fraction. The data in the figure are representative of five independent experiments. (b) mu-Nlrc4 mice at the age of 12 wk were injected with control IgG, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-Thy1.2, anti-Gr1, or anti–IL-1β antibody five times at 3-d intervals. The serum IL-17A levels 2 d after final antibody treatment was measured by ELISA. Control sera from C57BL/6 (wild type) mice was used. The data shown are means ± SD (**, P < 0.01; n = 5 for all). The data in the figure are representative of three independent experiments. (c) mu-Nlrc4 mice at the age of 12 wk were injected twice with control rat IgG, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, or anti-Thy1.2 at 3 d intervals. The spleen cells from mice 1 d after the final injection were stained with anti-CD4 and anti–TCR-β (for anti-CD8–treated mice), anti-CD8 and anti–TCR-β (for anti-CD4–treated mice), or anti-CD4, anti-CD8, and anti–TCR-β antibodies (for anti-Thy1.2–treated mice). The data in the figure are representative of two independent experiments. (d) mu-Nlrc4 mice at the age of 12 wk were injected with control IgG, anti–IL-1β, anti–IL-17A, or anti–IL-1β, and anti–IL-17A antibody five times at 3-d intervals. The number of Gr1 + CD11b + cells in the spleen 2 d after the final antibody treatment was evaluated by flow cytometry. The data shown are means ± SD (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; n = 5 for all). The data in the figure are representative of three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: The concentration of G-CSF was measured with the Mouse G-CSF Quantikine ELISA kit (R&D Systems).

Techniques: Staining, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Injection, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Antigenic and immunosuppressive properties of a trimeric recombinant transmembrane envelope protein gp41 of HIV-1

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173454

Figure Lengend Snippet: a) Glycosylation analysis of purified gp41. The protein was denatured and left untreated or incubated with Endoglycosidase H (EndoH) or with PNGase F (PNGase) as indicated. The exclusive sensitivity to PNGase F digestion suggests that the protein is properly post-translationally modified with N-linked sugar residues. b) Analysis of the purified protein using native PAGE, The migration of gp41 at ~160 kDa suggests a trimeric state of the protein. c) Binding of different monoclonal antibodies to recombinant gp41. Binding was measured in a capture ELISA at 4 or 37°C incubation temperature with indicated antibodies coated to the plate. 2nd, secondary anti HIS-HRP probe only, human, anti-gp120 control antibody, mouse, anti gp120 control antibody. For details on the monoclonal antibodies, please see . Different levels of binding and a temperature sensitive recognition pattern was observed for selected antibodies. d) Results of surface plasmon resonance studies using recombinant gp41 and various monoclonal antibodies. Single cycle kinetics were determined by capturing the indicated anti-gp41 antibodies to the chip via covalently linked anti-mouse or anti human IgG, followed by five injections of gp41 at increasing concentrations. Data shown (ΔRU) represent double referenced sensograms with relative signal intensities obtained by subtraction of flow cell 2 (gp41 antibody) and flow cell 1 (no antibody). Measurement curves (black) and fitted curves (red) are indicated.

Article Snippet: Affinity measurements were performed on a Biacore X100 device (GE Healthcare, Germany) at 37°C using the human or mouse antibody capture kit and CM5 sensor chips according to manufacturer’s recommendations (GE Healthcare, Germany).

Techniques: Glycoproteomics, Purification, Incubation, Modification, Clear Native PAGE, Migration, Binding Assay, Bioprocessing, Recombinant, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control, SPR Assay

Journal: Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy

Article Title: Induction of potent TRAIL-mediated tumoricidal activity by hFLEX/Furin/TRAIL recombinant DNA construct.

doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.02.021

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 2. Western blot analysis. (A) Expression of pFETZ-, pFFT-, and pFFZT-encoded proteins in COS7 cells following transfection. The presence of fusion proteins and cleaved protein products was detected using anti-TRAIL Ab. (B) Expression of pFFT, pFFZT, and pFETZ in vivo. pFFT-, pFFZT-, and pFETZ-encoded proteins could be detected in sera collected from mice injected with pFFT, pFFZT, or pFETZ with (i) anti-TRAIL Ab and (ii) anti-Flt3L Ab. (C) pFFT-, pFFZT-, or pFETZ- encoded proteins were consistently detected in sera collected from groups of mice injected with pFFT, pFFZT, or pFETZ, respectively. (D) Analysis of FFT, FFZT, and FETZ protein by 6% native PAGE. Cleaved form of TRAIL was assembled in stable trimers upon addition of isoleucine zipper sequence (arrow) compared to the monomeric cleaved TRAIL (dotted-line arrow).

Article Snippet: One microliter of mouse serum was diluted 50- to 250,000-fold for the ELISA using the Flt3L ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Transfection, In Vivo, Injection, Clear Native PAGE, Sequencing

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Critical Role of an Antiviral Stress Granule Containing RIG-I and PKR in Viral Detection and Innate Immunity

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043031

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) 293T cells were transfected with empty vector (empty) or the HA-PKR expression vector (HA-PKR) for 24 h, or treated with NaAsO 2 for 1 h and stained with anti-RIG-I, anti-HA (PKR) and anti-TIAR antibodies and DAPI. The zoomed images correspond to the boxed regions. ( B ) 293T cells were transfected with empty vector (empty), or the HA-PKR expression vector for 48 h, or treated with NaAsO 2 for 1 h, or infected with IAVÄNS1 for 12 h. Relative mRNA levels of endogenous IFN-â gene were determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Data are represented as the mean standard ± error of the mean (SEM). ( C and D ) HeLa cells were mock-treated or infected with IAVÄNS1 for 12 h. Viral RNA (vRNA) was detected by the FISH method using an RNA probe complementary to the segment 1 of the IAV, and NP ( C ) and RIG-I ( D ) were detected using anti-NP and anti-RIG-I antibodies (97.1%, and 98.2% colocalization of vRNA with NP and RIG-I, respectively). TO-PRO-3 was used for staining of nuclear DNA (DNA). ( E ) HeLa cell lines stably expressing FLAG-tagged IPS-1 were mock-treated or infected with IAV or IAVÄNS1 for 10 h. The cells were stained with anti-PMP70, anti-FLAG, and anti-TIAR antibodies. The white arrowheads indicated the contacts between FLAG-IPS-1 and TIAR. 67.8% of IAVÄNS1 infected cells exhibited contacts, whereas IAV infected cells hardly exhibited the contact (2.7%). The zoomed images of PMP70 (Green) and FLAG (Red), PMP70 (Green) and TIAR (Red), and FLAG (Green) and TIAR (Red) in IAVÄNS1-infected cells were shown in the bottom panel.

Article Snippet: Culture supernatants were collected and subjected to ELISA with mouse IFN-â kit (PBL Interferon Source) according to the manufacturers’ instructions.

Techniques: Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing, Staining, Infection, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Stable Transfection

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Critical Role of an Antiviral Stress Granule Containing RIG-I and PKR in Viral Detection and Innate Immunity

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043031

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A–E ) HeLa cells were transfected with control siRNA (N.C) or siRNA targeting human G3BP (G3BPi). At 48 h after transfection, cells were harvested and G3BP and actin were detected by immunoblotting ( A ). Cells were mock-treated (mock) or infected with IAVÄNS1 for 12 h and fixed and stained with anti-RIG-I, anti-NP and anti-TIAR antibodies and DAPI ( B ). The percentage of cells containing foci of RIG-I ( C ) or TIAR ( D ) was determined. Relative mRNA level of IFN-â was determined by qPCR ( E ). Data are represented as the mean standard ± error of the mean (SEM).

Article Snippet: Culture supernatants were collected and subjected to ELISA with mouse IFN-â kit (PBL Interferon Source) according to the manufacturers’ instructions.

Techniques: Transfection, Control, Western Blot, Infection, Staining

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Critical Role of an Antiviral Stress Granule Containing RIG-I and PKR in Viral Detection and Innate Immunity

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043031

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A–C ) MEFs derived from WT and PKR KO mice were mock-treated or infected with IAVÄNS1 for 12 h. The cells were stained with anti-RIG-I, anti-IAV NP and anti-TIAR antibodies and DAPI ( A ). The percentage of cells containing foci of RIG-I ( B ) or TIAR ( C ) was determined. ( D–F ) PKR WT and PKR KO MEFs were mock-treated or infected with IAVÄNS1. The IFN-â mRNA level at 9 h post-infection was determined by qPCR ( D ). The IFN-â protein levels in culture medium at 15 h post-infection were quantified by ELISA ( E ) . Cell extracts were subjected to Native-PAGE and IRF-3 dimer was detected by immunoblotting using anti-IRF-3 antibody. IAV NP and actin were detected by SDS-PAGE followed by blotting using anti-NP and anti-actin antibodies ( F ). Data shown in B-E are represented as the mean standard ± error of the mean (SEM).

Article Snippet: Culture supernatants were collected and subjected to ELISA with mouse IFN-â kit (PBL Interferon Source) according to the manufacturers’ instructions.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Infection, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Clear Native PAGE, Western Blot, SDS Page

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Critical Role of an Antiviral Stress Granule Containing RIG-I and PKR in Viral Detection and Innate Immunity

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043031

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A–C ) MEFs derived from WT and PKR KO mice were mock-treated or transfected with IAV genomic RNA, short poly I:C or long poly I:C for 9 h and stained with anti-RIG-I, anti-G3BP antibodies and DAPI ( A ). The percentage of cells containing foci of G3BP was shown in ( B ). Relative IFN-â mRNA levels were determined by qPCR ( C ). Data shown in B and C are represented as the mean standard ± error of the mean (SEM).

Article Snippet: Culture supernatants were collected and subjected to ELISA with mouse IFN-â kit (PBL Interferon Source) according to the manufacturers’ instructions.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Transfection, Staining

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Targeting mitochondrial complex I of CD177 + neutrophils alleviates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102140

Figure Lengend Snippet: Single-cell transcriptional profiling of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (A) Schematic diagram illustrating the experimental design. Left lung tissues and blood samples of mice subjected to lung ischemia (1 h) followed by reperfusion (3 h) were collected. Subsequent single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics analyses were performed. Clinical validation involved examining CD177 + neutrophils collected pre- and post-transplantation in human lung recipients. Functional proteomics identified increased mitochondrial complex I activity in CD177 + neutrophils. Treatment with IACS-010759 (1 mg/kg), a complex I inhibitor, alleviated lung IRI. (B) Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) plot displaying 43,852 immune cells from lung tissues under sham ( n = 4 mice) and IRI ( n = 6 mice) conditions. These immune cells were categorized into 5 major cell types. (C) The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the 5 major cell clusters are listed. Myeloid cells show the highest number of DEGs. (D) Bubble heatmap highlighting genes significantly increased across 10 major subclusters of immune cells in lung IRI. Average fold change (FC) and significance (−Log 10 -adjusted p value) are indicated by dot size and color, respectively. (E) Relative gene expression scores of post- vs. pre-transplantation samples in human lung transplant recipients. (F) UMAP plot displaying 2,973 lung-associated neutrophils (LANs) subdivided into 5 cell types (LAN1–LAN5). (G) Heatmap of the top 6 differential genes for LAN1–LAN5. (H) Feature plots of selected marker genes ( Cebpb , Ccrl2 , Cd177 , Camp , and Itgal ) showing high expression of Cd177 in specific neutrophil sub-clusters. (I) Cell proportions of LAN1–LAN5 in IRI versus sham control groups showing LAN3 was significantly increased after lung IRI. (J) Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of LAN1–LAN3 neutrophil clusters, indicating that LAN3 is related to neutrophil activation. NK, natural killer; Neut, neutrophil; AMϕ, alveolar macrophage; Mo, monocyte. Statistical significance was assessed by two-sided Wilcoxon test adjusted using Bonferroni method in (C), (D), and (G), two-sided Wilcoxon test in (H), and Fisher’s exact test in (J). ns, not significant; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophil Isolation Kit , Solarbio , Cat#P8550.

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Biomarker Discovery, Transplantation Assay, Functional Assay, Activity Assay, Gene Expression, Marker, Expressing, Control, Activation Assay

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Targeting mitochondrial complex I of CD177 + neutrophils alleviates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102140

Figure Lengend Snippet: Enriched Cd177 + neutrophils are key contributors to lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in the mouse model (A) Nucleic acid staining and watershed-based segmentation for single-cell analysis. A representative image shows nuclei segmented using the watershed algorithm for spatial distribution analysis ( n = 2). (B) Spatial expression of the pan-immune marker Cd45 in lung tissue sections reveals regions of local immune cell infiltration. (C) Spatial mapping of Cd177 expression in lung tissues after IRI. Higher-magnification images (right) show colocalization of Cd177 with the inflammatory genes Pglyrp1 and Ltf . (D) Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) visualization showing Ly6g + Cd177 + neutrophil populations (red) compared with Ly6g + Cd177 − neutrophils (blue). The bubble heatmap on the right demonstrates enrichment of inflammatory Gene Ontology terms in Ly6g + Cd177 + cells. (E) Representative immunofluorescence images from the mouse left lung for Ly6G (green), CD177 (red), and citrullinated histone H3 (Cit-H3, white) showing NET formation in CD177 + neutrophils. Scale bar: 20 μm. (F) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was higher in CD177 + compared to CD177 − neutrophils from human samples (left) and in Cd177 flox/flox neutrophils compared to Cd177 flox/flox ; Ly6g Cre neutrophils from mice (right), with or without PMA stimulation. ( n = 5 per group). Neut, neutrophils; UT, untreated. (G) Quantification of MPO-DNA complexes showing increased NET formation in CD177 + compared to CD177 − human neutrophils (left) and in Cd177 flox/flox compared to Cd17 7 flox/flox ; Ly6g Cre mouse neutrophils (right) under PMA stimulation. Neut, neutrophils; UT, untreated. ( n = 5 per group). (H) Representative H&E staining of lung sections from Cd177 flox/flo x and Cd177 flox/flox ; Ly6g Cre mice under sham and IRI conditions. Quantification of acute lung injury scores (right) demonstrates significant injury in Cd177 flox/flox mice and minimal injury in Cd177 flox/flox ; Ly6g Cre mice after lung IRI. Scale bar: 50 μm. ( n = 6 per group). (I) Immunofluorescence staining revealing reduced NET infiltration (Ly6G, Cit-H3, and DNA/H1) in lung tissues of Cd177 flox/flox ; Ly6g Cre mice post-lung IRI. Scale bar: 20 μm. Data are shown as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was assessed by a two-sided Wilcoxon test adjusted with the Bonferroni method in (F), (G), and (H) and Fisher’s exact test in (D). ns, not significant; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophil Isolation Kit , Solarbio , Cat#P8550.

Techniques: Staining, Single-cell Analysis, Expressing, Marker, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Targeting mitochondrial complex I of CD177 + neutrophils alleviates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102140

Figure Lengend Snippet: CD177 + neutrophils predict grade 3 primary graft dysfunction (A) UMAP plot displaying four distinct mouse peripheral blood neutrophil subsets (PBN1–PBN4) under sham and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) conditions ( n = 3 per group). (B) Boxplot quantifying PBN3 proportions in IRI vs. sham groups, showing a significant increase in PBN3 cells in the IRI group. (C) Bubble heatmap showing the expression of marker genes in mouse PBN1–4 and mouse lung-associated neutrophils 1–3 (LAN1–3). Both PBN3 and LAN3 exhibit high Cd177 , Ngp , Camp , and Ltf expressions, indicating an activated phenotype contributing to IRI pathology. (D) Violin plots illustrating the bone marrow proximity scores of mice PBN1–4 and LAN1–3. PBN3 and LAN3 have notably high scores, indicating recent mobilization from the bone marrow. (E and F) Pseudotime analyses of murine peripheral blood neutrophil subsets (PBN1–4). (E) CytoTrace and (F) Monocle 3 highlight a neutrophil differentiation trajectory, with PBN3 cells occupying an earlier differentiation state. (G and H) Boxplots showing (G) the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio across PGD 0–2 and PGD 3 groups ( n = 79 vs. 25), demonstrating no significant difference, and (H) a significant increase in CD177 + neutrophil proportions in PGD 3 vs. PGD 0–2. (I) Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve displaying the diagnostic performance of the change in the proportion of CD177 + neutrophils (between post-4 h and pre-transplantation) in predicting grade 3 PGD within 72 h. The ROC analysis demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.871; 95% CI: 0.764–0.951). Statistical significance was assessed by a two-sided Wilcoxon test adjusted with the Bonferroni method in (B), (D), (G), and (H). ns, not significant; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophil Isolation Kit , Solarbio , Cat#P8550.

Techniques: Expressing, Marker, Diagnostic Assay, Transplantation Assay

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Targeting mitochondrial complex I of CD177 + neutrophils alleviates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102140

Figure Lengend Snippet: CD177 + neutrophils exhibit enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport activity (A) scMetabolism analysis for lung-associated neutrophils 1–3 (LAN1–3) showing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway was significantly enriched in the LAN3 subset. (B) Quantification of electron transport score (left) and OXPHOS score (right) in LAN1–3 demonstrates that the LAN3 subset has the highest values for both. (C and D) Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of upregulated pathways in human CD177 + neutrophils (C, n = 4 per group) and Cd177 flox/flox mouse neutrophils (D, n = 3 per group), based on proteomic data. OXPHOS and respiratory complex I pathways were enriched. (E) Heatmap showing increased expression of mitochondrial proteins associated with OXPHOS, the electron transport chain, and the respiratory chain complexes in human CD177 + neutrophils compared to CD177 − neutrophils ( n = 4 per group). (F) Representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images depicting the mitochondrial ultrastructure of human CD177 + and CD177 − neutrophils. The quantitative analysis of mitochondrial cristae width (right) reveals a significant increase in cristae width in CD177 + neutrophils ( n = 8 per group). (G) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) analysis of human CD177 + and CD177 − neutrophils under basal and pharmacologically modulated conditions demonstrates enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in CD177 + cells. Treatment with the mTOR agonist MHY1485 markedly enhances OXPHOS activity in CD177 − neutrophils, while inhibition of mTOR signaling via AZD8055 suppresses OXPHOS in CD177 + cells, indicating mTOR-dependent regulation of mitochondrial respiration. Data represent n = 9 replicates per group. (H) Blue native PAGE and immunoblot assay of mitochondrial complex subunits (CI–V) in human CD177 + and CD177 − neutrophils. Quantification (right) shows elevated expression of NDUFS1 (a marker for mitochondrial complex I) in CD177 + neutrophils. Data are shown as mean ± SD ( n = 4 per group). (I) Immunofluorescence staining shows a marked upregulation of MitoSOX (red) in human CD177 + neutrophils compared to CD177 − neutrophils. Scale bar: 10 μm. (J) Immunofluorescence staining of human neutrophils reveals robust colocalization of ILK (red), CD177 (green), and CD11b (white) in CD177 + neutrophils. Scale bar: 10 μm. (K) Immunoblot assay of ILK protein expression in human CD177 + and CD177 − neutrophils after CD11b immunoprecipitation (IP). β-actin serves as a loading control for the input. (L) Immunoblot assay of AKT, phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), mTOR, phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), and NDUFS1 expression in CD177 + and CD177 − neutrophils with or without AZD8055 and MHY1485 treatment. CD177 + cells show higher p-AKT and p-mTOR levels vs. CD177 − cells. AZD8055 (mTOR inhibitor) reduces p-mTOR and NDUFS1 in CD177 + cells, while MHY1485 (mTOR agonist) increases these proteins in CD177 − cells. Data are shown as mean ± SD. Statistical significance assessed by a two-sided Wilcoxon test adjusted with the Bonferroni method (B and F). ns, not significant; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophil Isolation Kit , Solarbio , Cat#P8550.

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Activity Assay, Expressing, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Inhibition, Blue Native PAGE, Western Blot, Marker, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Immunoprecipitation, Control

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Targeting mitochondrial complex I of CD177 + neutrophils alleviates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102140

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mitochondrial complex I inhibitor IACS-010759 alleviates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (A) OCR analysis showing mitochondrial respiration in CD177 + and CD177 − neutrophils and CD177 + neutrophils treated with 25 or 50 nM IACS-010759. Quantification of ATP production and basal respiration indicates a significant reduction of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) after IACS-010759 treatment ( n = 9 per group). (B) Representative images of left lung H&E staining (left) and lung injury scores (right) showing IACS-010759 (1 mg/kg) treatment reduced lung injury in the left hilar ligation/reperfusion mouse model. Scale bar: 50 μm ( n = 5 per group). (C) UMAP visualization of scRNA-seq data from sorted neutrophils in lungs of IACS-treated ( n = 4) and untreated mice ( n = 3) under left hilar ligation/reperfusion. (D) Quantification of Cd177 + neutrophils in the IACS-treated versus untreated groups following lung IRI. IACS treatment significantly reduces the proportion of Cd177 + neutrophils. (E) Violin plots illustrating the OXPHOS (left) and electron transport chain (right) scores of Cd177 + neutrophils in IRI lungs, showing a significant decrease after IACS treatment. (F) Schematic of the orthotopic left lung transplantation rat model with prolonged cold ischemia. (G) IACS treatment reduced lung injury, as evidenced by H&E staining (left) and lung injury scores (right) from sham rats and allografts treated with vehicle or IACS-010759 (1 mg/kg) following prolonged ischemia reperfusion ( n = 6 per group). Scale bar: 50 μm. (H) Immunofluorescence staining for neutrophil extracellular traps (Ly6G, DNA/H1, and Cit-H3) in lung tissues of sham and IRI rats with or without IACS treatment. Scale bar: 20 μm. (I) Lung injury indicators and pulmonary function (airway compliance, airway resistance, PaO 2 , and PaCO 2 ) measured in each group showing that IACS treatment reduced lung injury in the orthotopic left lung transplant rat model ( n = 5 per group). Data are shown as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was assessed by a two-sided Wilcoxon test adjusted with the Bonferroni method (A, B, D, E, G, and I). ns, not significant; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophil Isolation Kit , Solarbio , Cat#P8550.

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Staining, Ligation, Transplantation Assay, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Autophagy

Article Title: FAIM regulates autophagy through glutaminolysis in lung adenocarcinoma

doi: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1987672

Figure Lengend Snippet: FAIM is overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma and correlates with poor survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients. (A) The mRNA level of FAIM isoforms in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549, H1299, H292, SPC-A1, H358) were determined by Q-PCR using specific primers. Data represent the average of three independent experiments (mean ± SD). ***, P < 0.001. (B) The protein expression of FAIM in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (H1299, SPC-A1, H292, PC9, H1975, HCC827, H358, A549) and human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE) were determined by western blot with the indicated antibodies. (C) FAIM expression in tumor tissues (T) and adjacent normal tissues (N) from 18 NSCLC patients were determined by western blot with the indicated antibodies. (D) Immunohistochemical staining of a representative lung adenocarcinoma tissue microarray with FAIM antibody. T, tumor tissue; N, adjacent normal tissue. (E) Quantification of the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining shown in Figure 1D. (F) Microscopy evaluation of IHC staining of two representative tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues shown in Figure 1D with FAIM antibody (brown) and hematoxylin counterstain (blue). Scale bars: 100 μm. (G) Kaplan-Meier survival curve of 90 lung adenocarcinoma patients. Patients were divided into two groups according to the average staining density of FAIM in cancer tissues of the tissue array (High expression: n = 42, low expression: n = 48, Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test was used for the statistical analysis).

Article Snippet: The FAIM shRNAs was purchased from OriGene (TR304703).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Microarray, Immunohistochemistry, Microscopy

Journal: Autophagy

Article Title: FAIM regulates autophagy through glutaminolysis in lung adenocarcinoma

doi: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1987672

Figure Lengend Snippet: FAIM knockdown inhibits proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells and promotes lung differentiation events in xenograft models. (A-D) The lung adenocarcinoma cells A549(A), H1299(B), H292(C), SPC-A1(D) were cultured in RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS, cells were transfected with control siRNA (CON-si) or FAIM siRNAs ( FAIM -si1, FAIM -si2). Twenty-four h later, cells were seeded in 24-well plates at 5000 cells per well in 0.5 ml complete culture medium. At indicated time, cells were fixed in 3.7% formaldehyde and stained with 0.1% crystal violet. Data represent the average of three independent experiments (mean ± SD). ***, P < 0.001 (upper panel). The lung adenocarcinoma cells were transfected with indicated siRNAs and 500 cells were seeded in 6-well plate. 10 days later, cells were fixed in 3.7% formaldehyde and stained with 0.1% crystal violet and the photographs were taken (middle panel). The knockdown efficiency of FAIM was detected by western blot using the indicated antibodies (bottom panel). (E) A549 control cells (A549-CON) and FAIM knockdown stable cell lines (A549-sh FAIM ) were subcutaneously injected into the flanks of nude mice. Four weeks later, tumors were dissected out and photomicrographs were taken. (F) The weights and volume of tumors in Figure 2E were measured. The p value was calculated by paired t-test, ***, P < 0.001. (G) Photomicrographs of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining for tumors induced by A549-CON cells and A549-sh FAIM cells. Scale bars: 100 μm. (H and I) Immunohistochemical staining in tumors induced by A549-CON cells and A549-sh FAIM cells for MKI67 (H) and NKX2-1 (I). Scale bars: 100 μm.

Article Snippet: The FAIM shRNAs was purchased from OriGene (TR304703).

Techniques: Knockdown, Cell Culture, Transfection, Control, Staining, Western Blot, Stable Transfection, Injection, Immunohistochemical staining

Journal: Autophagy

Article Title: FAIM regulates autophagy through glutaminolysis in lung adenocarcinoma

doi: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1987672

Figure Lengend Snippet: Knocking down FAIM suppresses cancer cell proliferation through inducing autophagy. (A and B) A549 (A) and H1299 (B) cells were transfected with control siRNA (CON-si) or FAIM siRNAs ( FAIM -si1, FAIM -si2). Forty-two h later, the cells were treated with or without 20 μM chloroquine (CQ) for 6 h. Immunofluorescence was performed using LC3B antibody and then analyzed by fluorescence microscopy (Olympus IX83). Scale bar: 30 μm (Left panel). The cell numbers with LC3B puncta were counted under 200× magnification. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 (Right panel). (C) A549 cells were transfected with control siRNA (CON-si) or FAIM siRNAs ( FAIM -si1, FAIM -si2). Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and western blot was performed to detect the expression of the indicated proteins. (D) A549 cells were transfected with control siRNA (CON-si) or FAIM siRNAs ( FAIM -si1, FAIM -si2). Forty-two h later, the cells were treated with or without 20 μM chloroquine (CQ) for 6 h. Western blot was used to detect the expression of the indicated proteins. (E and F) A549 (E) and H1299 (F) cells were transfected with control siRNA (CON-si) or FAIM siRNAs ( FAIM -si1, FAIM -si2). Twenty-four h later, cells were seeded in 24-well plates at 5000 cells per well in 0.5 ml complete culture medium treat with or without Chloroquine (CQ). On the 6th day, cells were fixed in 3.7% formaldehyde and stained with 0.1% crystal violet. Data represent the average of three independent experiments (mean ± SD). **, P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: The FAIM shRNAs was purchased from OriGene (TR304703).

Techniques: Transfection, Control, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Western Blot, Expressing, Staining

Journal: Autophagy

Article Title: FAIM regulates autophagy through glutaminolysis in lung adenocarcinoma

doi: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1987672

Figure Lengend Snippet: FAIM regulates autophagy through modulating the activation of MTOR pathway. (A) A549 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-HA empty vector or pcDNA3.1-HA- FAIM . Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and western blot was performed to detect the expression of the indicated proteins. (B) A549 cells were transfected with control siRNA or FAIM siRNAs. Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and western blot was performed to detect the expression of the the indicated proteins. (C) A549 control cells and FAIM knockdown stable cell lines were lysed and western blot was performed to detect the expression of the indicated proteins. (D) Immunofluorescence was performed using the indicated antibodies in A549 control cells and FAIM knockdown stable cell lines. Scale bar: 30 μm. (E) A549 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-HA empty vector or pcDNA3.1-HA- FAIM . Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and the production of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) was measured. Data represent the average of three independent experiments (mean ± SD). *, P < 0.05. (F) A549 cells were transfected with control siRNA or FAIM siRNAs. Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and the production of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) was measured. Data represent the average of three independent experiments (mean ± SD). *, P < 0.05. (G) A549 cells transfected with control siRNA or FAIM siRNAs were treated with or without 5 mM dimethyl α-ketoglutarate. Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and western blot was performed to detect the expression of the indicated proteins. (H) A549 control cells and FAIM knockdown stable cell lines were treated with or without 5 mM dimethyl α-ketoglutarate. Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and western blot was performed to detect the expression of the indicated proteins. (I) A549 cells transfected with control siRNA or FAIM siRNAs were treated with or without dimethyl α-ketoglutarate. Immunofluorescence was performed using LC3B antibody and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy (Olympus IX83). Scale bar: 30 μm (Upper panel). The cell numbers with LC3B puncta were counted under 200× magnification. **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 (Bottom panel). (J) A549 control cells and FAIM knockdown stable cell lines were treated with or without dimethyl α-ketoglutarate. Immunofluorescence was performed using LC3B antibody and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy (Olympus IX83). Scale bar: 30 μm (Upper panel). The cell numbers with LC3B puncta were counted under 200× magnification. ***, P < 0.001 (Bottom panel).

Article Snippet: The FAIM shRNAs was purchased from OriGene (TR304703).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Western Blot, Expressing, Control, Knockdown, Stable Transfection, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Microscopy

Journal: Autophagy

Article Title: FAIM regulates autophagy through glutaminolysis in lung adenocarcinoma

doi: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1987672

Figure Lengend Snippet: FAIM regulates the tetramer formation of GAC. (A) A549 cells were transfected with empty vector or pcDNA3.1-HA- FAIM and mitochondria were isolated and glutaminase activity was measured. Data represent the average of three independent experiments (mean ± SD). **, P < 0.01. (B) A549 cells were transfected with control siRNA or FAIM siRNAs. Forty-eight h later, mitochondria were isolated and glutaminase activity was measured. Data represent the average of three independent experiments (mean ± SD). *, P < 0.05. (C and D) Mitochondria were isolated from A549 (C) and H1299 cells (D). The expression of mitochondria and cytosolic proteins were detected by western blot. (E) A549 cells were transfected with empty vector or pcDNA3.1-HA- FAIM and immunoprecipitation was performed followed by western blot. (F) A549 cells were transfected with indicated plasmids. The cells were lysed and analyzed using 4–16% Native PAGE, followed by immunoblot analysis. (G) A549 cells were transfected with the indicated siRNAs. The cells were lysed and analyzed using 4–16% Native PAGE, followed by immunoblot analysis. (H) A549 control cells and FAIM knockdown stable cell lines were lysed and analyzed using 4–16% Native PAGE, followed by immunoblot analysis. (I) A549 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-V5- GAC ( WT GAC ) or pcDNA3.1-V5- GAC mutants ( GAC S314A , GAC S314D ), then analyzed using 4–16% Native PAGE, followed by immunoblot analysis. (J) A549 cells were transfected with the indicated plasmids. The cells were lysed and analyzed using 4–16% Native PAGE, followed by immunoblot analysis. (K) A549 cells were co-transfected with the indicated plasmid and siRNAs. The cells were lysed and analyzed using 4–16% Native PAGE, followed by immunoblot analysis. (Figure F-K: GAC-T: GAC tetramer; GAC-M: GAC monomer). (L) A549 cells were co-transfected with pcDNA3.1-V5- GAC and the indicated siRNAs. Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and immunoprecipitation was performed followed by western blot. (M) A549 cells were transfected with indicated plasmids. Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and immunoprecipitation was performed. The expression of the indicated proteins was examined by western blot.

Article Snippet: The FAIM shRNAs was purchased from OriGene (TR304703).

Techniques: Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Isolation, Activity Assay, Control, Expressing, Western Blot, Immunoprecipitation, Clear Native PAGE, Knockdown, Stable Transfection

Journal: Autophagy

Article Title: FAIM regulates autophagy through glutaminolysis in lung adenocarcinoma

doi: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1987672

Figure Lengend Snippet: FAIM regulates the stability of GAC. (A) A549 control cells and FAIM knockdown stable cell lines were treated with 25 μg/ml cycloheximide (CHX) for different times and the expression of the indicated proteins were detected by western blot. (B) A549 cells were co-transfected with pcDNA3.1-V5- CLPP and the indicated siRNAs. Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and western blot was performed. (C) A549 control cells and FAIM knockdown stable cell lines were transfected with or without pcDNA3.1-V5- CLPP . Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and western blot was performed. (D) A549 cells were transfected with the indicated plasmids or siRNAs. Forty-two h later, the cells were treated with CHX for indicated times. Western blot was used to detect the expression of the indicated proteins. Relative GAC expression over ACTB was quantified. (E) A549 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-V5 empty vector or pcDNA3.1-V5- CLPP . Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and immunoprecipitation was performed. The expression of the indicated proteins was examined by western blot. (F) A549 cells were co-transfected with pcDNA3.1-V5- CLPP and the indicated siRNAs. Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and immunoprecipitation was performed. The expression of the indicated proteins was examined by western blot. (G) A549 control cells and FAIM knockdown stable cell lines were transfected with pcDNA3.1-V5- CLPP . Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and immunoprecipitation was performed. The expression of the indicated proteins was examined by western blot. (H) A549 cells were transfected with WT GAC, GAC S314A and GAC S314D plasmids followed by treatment with CHX for different times. Western blot was used to detect the expression of the indicated proteins. Relative GAC expression over ACTB was quantified. (I) A549 cells were transfected with the indicated plasmids or siRNAs followed by treatment with CHX for different times. Western blot was used to detect the expression of the indicated proteins. Relative GAC expression over ACTB was quantified.

Article Snippet: The FAIM shRNAs was purchased from OriGene (TR304703).

Techniques: Control, Knockdown, Stable Transfection, Expressing, Western Blot, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Immunoprecipitation

Journal: Autophagy

Article Title: FAIM regulates autophagy through glutaminolysis in lung adenocarcinoma

doi: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1987672

Figure Lengend Snippet: FAIM suppresses the interaction between ULK1 and MTOR in cytoplasm. (A) H1299 cells were lysed and immunoprecipitation was performed using the indicated antibodies. Western blot were used to detect protein expression. (B) H1299 cells were transfected with or without pcDNA3.1-HA- FAIM . Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and immunoprecipitation was performed. The expression of the indicated proteins was examined by western blot. (C) H1299 cells were transfected with pCMV-HA- ULK1 and the indicated siRNAs. Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and immunoprecipitation was performed. The expression of the indicated proteins was examined by western blot. (D) H1299 cells were co-transfected with pCMV-HA- ULK1 and pcDNA3.1-HA- FAIM . Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and immunoprecipitation was performed. The expression of the indicated proteins was examined by western blot. (E) A549 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-His- FAIM-ΔN . Forty-eight h later, Mitochondria were isolated and the mitochondria and cytosolic proteins were detected by western blot. (F) A549 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-His- FAIM-ΔN . Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and western blot was performed to detect the expression of the indicated proteins. (G) A549 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-His- FAIM-ΔN . Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and the production of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) was measured. Data represent the average of three independent experiments (mean ± SD). ns, P > 0.05. (H) A549 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-His- FAIM-ΔN . Forty-eight h later, mitochondria were isolated and glutaminase activity was measured. Data represent the average of three independent experiments (mean ± SD). ns, P > 0.05. (I) A549 cells were transfected with or without pcDNA3.1-His- FAIM-ΔN . Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and immunoprecipitation was performed. The expression of the indicated proteins was examined by western blot. (J) A549 cells were co-transfected with pCMV-HA- ULK1 and pcDNA3.1-His- FAIM-ΔN . Forty-eight h later, the cells were lysed and immunoprecipitation was performed. The expression of the indicated proteins was examined by western blot.

Article Snippet: The FAIM shRNAs was purchased from OriGene (TR304703).

Techniques: Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Expressing, Transfection, Isolation, Activity Assay

Journal: Autophagy

Article Title: FAIM regulates autophagy through glutaminolysis in lung adenocarcinoma

doi: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1987672

Figure Lengend Snippet: The proposed working model for the regulation of autophagy by FAIM.

Article Snippet: The FAIM shRNAs was purchased from OriGene (TR304703).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

Article Title: Immunization with HSV-2 gB-CCL19 Fusion Constructs Protects Mice against Lethal Vaginal Challenge.

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500198

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 1. Design and expression of HSV-2 gB-CCL19 fusion constructs and immunization schedule. (A) Schematic representation of the pgBIZCCL19 and pCCL19IZgB constructs. The fusion linker contains an IZ and two (G4S)2 motifs for trimerization and stabilization. (B) Expression analysis of gB. Supernatants from 293T cells transfected with the indicated constructs were collected and resolved by denatured SDS-PAGE and native PAGE, followed by Western blotting. (C) Expression analysis of CCL19. Supernatants from 293T cells transfected with the indicated constructs were collected and analyzed by ELISA. Culture supernatants from pcDNA3.1 transfected cells were used as negative controls. Data are mean 6 SEM of at least three independent experiments, performed in triplicate for each condition. (D) Intramuscular immunization and i.vag. challenge schedule. Mice were immunized twice with pcDNA3.1, pgB, pgB plus pCCL19, or gB-CCL19 fusion constructs in saline solution at days 0 and 14. Fourteen days postboost, all mice were sampled. Forty-nine days postboost, some mice were sacrificed for tissue collection, whereas the rest were used for the challenge experiments. Postchallenge, the weight and clinical symptoms of all mice were monitored every day for 15 d. Sera, vaginal fluids, and sacral ganglia were collected for subsequent tests.

Article Snippet: Forty-eight hours posttransfection, the protein-containing supernatants were harvested for gB and CCL19 quantification. gB was detected by Western blotting, whereas CCL19 concentration was measured by ELISA using commercial mouse CCL19 DuoSet ELISA kits (R&D Systems), according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Construct, Transfection, SDS Page, Clear Native PAGE, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Saline

Journal: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

Article Title: Immunization with HSV-2 gB-CCL19 Fusion Constructs Protects Mice against Lethal Vaginal Challenge.

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500198

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 6. The chemotactic activity of CCL19. (A and B) IgA+ cell number at the colorectal mucosal sites of immunized mice. Mouse colorectal samples were collected at day 14 postboost, and IgA+ cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. The colorimetric reaction was developed with the addition of diaminobenzidine and counterstained with H&E. (A) Representative results (original magnification 3200). (B) Quantification of IgA+ cells by counting five high-power fields for each mouse. Data are mean 6 SEM. (C) Migration of splenocytes and MLNLs from immunized mice in response to murine CCL19. Single cells were prepared and counted to assess chemotactic response to CCL19 using a Transwell system. The migrated cells in lower chamber were counted after a 2-h incubation. Fold change was calculated compared with the cell number in the lower chamber without CCL19. Data in (B) and (C) are mean 6 SEM for each group (n = 5 mice/group). **p , 0.01, ***p , 0.001.

Article Snippet: Forty-eight hours posttransfection, the protein-containing supernatants were harvested for gB and CCL19 quantification. gB was detected by Western blotting, whereas CCL19 concentration was measured by ELISA using commercial mouse CCL19 DuoSet ELISA kits (R&D Systems), according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Immunohistochemistry, Migration, Incubation