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MedChemExpress microemulsion
The AFM image of FK506 MCE ME. Abbreviations: AFM, atomic force microscope; FK506, tacrolimus; FK506 MCE ME, tacrolimus loaded <t>microemulsion</t> based on menthol/camphor eutectic.
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The AFM image of FK506 MCE ME. Abbreviations: AFM, atomic force microscope; FK506, tacrolimus; FK506 MCE ME, tacrolimus loaded microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic.

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Integrating tacrolimus into eutectic oil-based microemulsion for atopic dermatitis: simultaneously enhancing percutaneous delivery and treatment efficacy with relieving side effects

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S212260

Figure Lengend Snippet: The AFM image of FK506 MCE ME. Abbreviations: AFM, atomic force microscope; FK506, tacrolimus; FK506 MCE ME, tacrolimus loaded microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic.

Article Snippet: Abbreviations: FK506, tacrolimus; PC, The solution of 0.1% tacrolimus (FK506,w/v) dissolved in propylene carbonate; Oil free, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 solution containing the same surfactant and cosurfactant as microemulsion but without menthol/camphor eutectic; Ointment, 0.1%(w/w) FK506 commercial ointment; MCE ME, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic; MCE ME gel, 0.1% (w/w) FK506 microemulsion gel based on menthol/camphor eutectic; h, hours; SD, standard deviation.

Techniques: Microscopy

In vitro skin penetration of FK506 from different formulations ( A ) and skin retention of FK506 after 24 h penetration ( B ). Note: ** P <0.001. Abbreviations: FK506, tacrolimus; PC, The solution of 0.1% tacrolimus (FK506,w/v) dissolved in propylene carbonate; Oil free, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 solution containing the same surfactant and cosurfactant as microemulsion but without menthol/camphor eutectic; Ointment, 0.1%(w/w) FK506 commercial ointment; MCE ME, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic; MCE ME gel, 0.1% (w/w) FK506 microemulsion gel based on menthol/camphor eutectic; h, hours; SD, standard deviation.

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Integrating tacrolimus into eutectic oil-based microemulsion for atopic dermatitis: simultaneously enhancing percutaneous delivery and treatment efficacy with relieving side effects

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S212260

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro skin penetration of FK506 from different formulations ( A ) and skin retention of FK506 after 24 h penetration ( B ). Note: ** P <0.001. Abbreviations: FK506, tacrolimus; PC, The solution of 0.1% tacrolimus (FK506,w/v) dissolved in propylene carbonate; Oil free, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 solution containing the same surfactant and cosurfactant as microemulsion but without menthol/camphor eutectic; Ointment, 0.1%(w/w) FK506 commercial ointment; MCE ME, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic; MCE ME gel, 0.1% (w/w) FK506 microemulsion gel based on menthol/camphor eutectic; h, hours; SD, standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Abbreviations: FK506, tacrolimus; PC, The solution of 0.1% tacrolimus (FK506,w/v) dissolved in propylene carbonate; Oil free, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 solution containing the same surfactant and cosurfactant as microemulsion but without menthol/camphor eutectic; Ointment, 0.1%(w/w) FK506 commercial ointment; MCE ME, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic; MCE ME gel, 0.1% (w/w) FK506 microemulsion gel based on menthol/camphor eutectic; h, hours; SD, standard deviation.

Techniques: In Vitro, Ointment, Standard Deviation

Cell viability of HaCaT cells after incubation with MCE ME vehicle of different concentrations for 12 h and 24 h, respectively. Abbreviations: HaCaT, immortal human keratinocytes; MCE, ME vehicle; Microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic without FK506; SD, standard deviation.

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Integrating tacrolimus into eutectic oil-based microemulsion for atopic dermatitis: simultaneously enhancing percutaneous delivery and treatment efficacy with relieving side effects

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S212260

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell viability of HaCaT cells after incubation with MCE ME vehicle of different concentrations for 12 h and 24 h, respectively. Abbreviations: HaCaT, immortal human keratinocytes; MCE, ME vehicle; Microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic without FK506; SD, standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Abbreviations: FK506, tacrolimus; PC, The solution of 0.1% tacrolimus (FK506,w/v) dissolved in propylene carbonate; Oil free, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 solution containing the same surfactant and cosurfactant as microemulsion but without menthol/camphor eutectic; Ointment, 0.1%(w/w) FK506 commercial ointment; MCE ME, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic; MCE ME gel, 0.1% (w/w) FK506 microemulsion gel based on menthol/camphor eutectic; h, hours; SD, standard deviation.

Techniques: Incubation, Standard Deviation

Schematic diagram of the experimental procedure ( A ); effects of different formulations containing 0.1% FK506 on dermatitis scores throughout the experiment ( B ); and clinical features of AD-like skin lesions in the end of experiment ( C ). Notes: * P <0.05 in comparison with DNCB; ** P <0.001 in comparison with DNCB; # P <0.05 in comparison with DNCB + Ointment; ## P <0.001 in comparison with DNCB + Ointment; ++ P <0.001. Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; DNCB, 1–chloro–2,4–dinitrobenzene; FK506, tacrolimus; Control, healthy mice with shaved dorsal region; DNCB, AD-induced mice without drug treatment; DNCB + PC, AD-induced mice treated with propylene carbonate containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Ointment; AD-induced mice treated with commercial ointment containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; DNCB + Oil free, AD-induced mice treated with Oil free containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Vehicle, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic vehicle without FK506; DNCB + MCE ME, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + MCE ME gel, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic gel containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; SD, standard deviation.

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Integrating tacrolimus into eutectic oil-based microemulsion for atopic dermatitis: simultaneously enhancing percutaneous delivery and treatment efficacy with relieving side effects

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S212260

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic diagram of the experimental procedure ( A ); effects of different formulations containing 0.1% FK506 on dermatitis scores throughout the experiment ( B ); and clinical features of AD-like skin lesions in the end of experiment ( C ). Notes: * P <0.05 in comparison with DNCB; ** P <0.001 in comparison with DNCB; # P <0.05 in comparison with DNCB + Ointment; ## P <0.001 in comparison with DNCB + Ointment; ++ P <0.001. Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; DNCB, 1–chloro–2,4–dinitrobenzene; FK506, tacrolimus; Control, healthy mice with shaved dorsal region; DNCB, AD-induced mice without drug treatment; DNCB + PC, AD-induced mice treated with propylene carbonate containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Ointment; AD-induced mice treated with commercial ointment containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; DNCB + Oil free, AD-induced mice treated with Oil free containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Vehicle, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic vehicle without FK506; DNCB + MCE ME, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + MCE ME gel, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic gel containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; SD, standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Abbreviations: FK506, tacrolimus; PC, The solution of 0.1% tacrolimus (FK506,w/v) dissolved in propylene carbonate; Oil free, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 solution containing the same surfactant and cosurfactant as microemulsion but without menthol/camphor eutectic; Ointment, 0.1%(w/w) FK506 commercial ointment; MCE ME, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic; MCE ME gel, 0.1% (w/w) FK506 microemulsion gel based on menthol/camphor eutectic; h, hours; SD, standard deviation.

Techniques: Comparison, Ointment, Control, Standard Deviation

The ear thickness ( A ), spleen index ( B ) on day 28, and TEWL ( C ) of the mice treated with different formulations throughout the experiment. Notes: * P <0.05 in comparison with DNCB; ** P <0.001 in comparison with DNCB; # P <0.05 in comparison with DNCB + Ointment; ## P <0.001 in comparison with DNCB +Ointment; + P <0.05; ++ P <0.001. Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; DNCB, 1–chloro–2,4–dinitrobenzene; FK506, tacrolimus; TEWL, transdermal water loss; Control, healthy mice with shaved dorsal region; DNCB, AD-induced mice without drug treatment; DNCB + PC, AD-induced mice treated with propylene carbonate containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Ointment: AD-induced mice treated with commercial ointment containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; DNCB + Oil free, AD-induced mice treated with Oil free containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Vehicle; AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic vehicle without FK506; DNCB + MCE ME, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + MCE ME gel, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic gel containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; SD, standard deviation.

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Integrating tacrolimus into eutectic oil-based microemulsion for atopic dermatitis: simultaneously enhancing percutaneous delivery and treatment efficacy with relieving side effects

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S212260

Figure Lengend Snippet: The ear thickness ( A ), spleen index ( B ) on day 28, and TEWL ( C ) of the mice treated with different formulations throughout the experiment. Notes: * P <0.05 in comparison with DNCB; ** P <0.001 in comparison with DNCB; # P <0.05 in comparison with DNCB + Ointment; ## P <0.001 in comparison with DNCB +Ointment; + P <0.05; ++ P <0.001. Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; DNCB, 1–chloro–2,4–dinitrobenzene; FK506, tacrolimus; TEWL, transdermal water loss; Control, healthy mice with shaved dorsal region; DNCB, AD-induced mice without drug treatment; DNCB + PC, AD-induced mice treated with propylene carbonate containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Ointment: AD-induced mice treated with commercial ointment containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; DNCB + Oil free, AD-induced mice treated with Oil free containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Vehicle; AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic vehicle without FK506; DNCB + MCE ME, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + MCE ME gel, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic gel containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; SD, standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Abbreviations: FK506, tacrolimus; PC, The solution of 0.1% tacrolimus (FK506,w/v) dissolved in propylene carbonate; Oil free, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 solution containing the same surfactant and cosurfactant as microemulsion but without menthol/camphor eutectic; Ointment, 0.1%(w/w) FK506 commercial ointment; MCE ME, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic; MCE ME gel, 0.1% (w/w) FK506 microemulsion gel based on menthol/camphor eutectic; h, hours; SD, standard deviation.

Techniques: Comparison, Ointment, Control, Standard Deviation

Histological features of the skin treated with different formulations in AD mouse model. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin ( A ) and toluidine blue ( B ), respectively. Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; DNCB, 1–chloro–2,4–dinitrobenzene; FK506, tacrolimus; Control, healthy mice with shaved dorsal region; DNCB, AD-induced mice without drug treatment; DNCB + PC, AD-induced mice treated with propylene carbonate containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Ointment; AD-induced mice treated with commercial ointment containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; DNCB + Oil free; AD-induced mice treated with Oil free containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Vehicle, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic vehicle without FK506; DNCB + MCE ME, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + MCE ME gel, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic gel containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506.

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Integrating tacrolimus into eutectic oil-based microemulsion for atopic dermatitis: simultaneously enhancing percutaneous delivery and treatment efficacy with relieving side effects

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S212260

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histological features of the skin treated with different formulations in AD mouse model. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin ( A ) and toluidine blue ( B ), respectively. Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; DNCB, 1–chloro–2,4–dinitrobenzene; FK506, tacrolimus; Control, healthy mice with shaved dorsal region; DNCB, AD-induced mice without drug treatment; DNCB + PC, AD-induced mice treated with propylene carbonate containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Ointment; AD-induced mice treated with commercial ointment containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; DNCB + Oil free; AD-induced mice treated with Oil free containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Vehicle, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic vehicle without FK506; DNCB + MCE ME, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + MCE ME gel, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic gel containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506.

Article Snippet: Abbreviations: FK506, tacrolimus; PC, The solution of 0.1% tacrolimus (FK506,w/v) dissolved in propylene carbonate; Oil free, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 solution containing the same surfactant and cosurfactant as microemulsion but without menthol/camphor eutectic; Ointment, 0.1%(w/w) FK506 commercial ointment; MCE ME, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic; MCE ME gel, 0.1% (w/w) FK506 microemulsion gel based on menthol/camphor eutectic; h, hours; SD, standard deviation.

Techniques: Staining, Control, Ointment

Effects of different formulations on serum total IgE. Notes: * P <0.05 in comparison with DNCB; ** P <0.001 in comparison with DNCB; # P <0.05 in comparison with DNCB + Ointment; ## P <0.001 in comparison with DNCB +Ointment; + P <0.05; ++ P <0.001. Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; DNCB, 1–chloro–2,4–dinitrobenzene; FK506, tacrolimus; Control, healthy mice with shaved dorsal region; DNCB, AD-induced mice without drug treatment; DNCB + PC, AD-induced mice treated with propylene carbonate containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Ointment: AD-induced mice treated with commercial ointment containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; DNCB + Oil free, AD-induced mice treated with Oil free containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Vehicle, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic vehicle without FK506; DNCB + MCE ME, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + MCE ME gel, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic gel containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; SD, standard deviation.

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Integrating tacrolimus into eutectic oil-based microemulsion for atopic dermatitis: simultaneously enhancing percutaneous delivery and treatment efficacy with relieving side effects

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S212260

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of different formulations on serum total IgE. Notes: * P <0.05 in comparison with DNCB; ** P <0.001 in comparison with DNCB; # P <0.05 in comparison with DNCB + Ointment; ## P <0.001 in comparison with DNCB +Ointment; + P <0.05; ++ P <0.001. Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; DNCB, 1–chloro–2,4–dinitrobenzene; FK506, tacrolimus; Control, healthy mice with shaved dorsal region; DNCB, AD-induced mice without drug treatment; DNCB + PC, AD-induced mice treated with propylene carbonate containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Ointment: AD-induced mice treated with commercial ointment containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; DNCB + Oil free, AD-induced mice treated with Oil free containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Vehicle, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic vehicle without FK506; DNCB + MCE ME, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + MCE ME gel, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic gel containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; SD, standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Abbreviations: FK506, tacrolimus; PC, The solution of 0.1% tacrolimus (FK506,w/v) dissolved in propylene carbonate; Oil free, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 solution containing the same surfactant and cosurfactant as microemulsion but without menthol/camphor eutectic; Ointment, 0.1%(w/w) FK506 commercial ointment; MCE ME, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic; MCE ME gel, 0.1% (w/w) FK506 microemulsion gel based on menthol/camphor eutectic; h, hours; SD, standard deviation.

Techniques: Comparison, Ointment, Control, Standard Deviation

Inhibition effects of different formulations on scratch frequency ( A ) and substance P expression ( B ). Notes: * P <0.05 in comparison with DNCB; ** P <0.001 in comparison with DNCB; # P <0.05 in comparison with DNCB + Ointment; ## P <0.001 in comparison with DNCB +Ointment; + P <0.05; ++ P <0.001. Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; DNCB, 1–chloro–2,4–dinitrobenzene; FK506, tacrolimus; Control, healthy mice with shaved dorsal region; DNCB, AD-induced mice without drug treatment; DNCB + PC, AD-induced mice treated with propylene carbonate containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Ointment: AD-induced mice treated with commercial ointment containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; DNCB + Oil free, AD-induced mice treated with Oil free containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Vehicle, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic vehicle without FK506; DNCB + MCE ME, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + MCE ME gel, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic gel containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; SD, standard deviation.

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Integrating tacrolimus into eutectic oil-based microemulsion for atopic dermatitis: simultaneously enhancing percutaneous delivery and treatment efficacy with relieving side effects

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S212260

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition effects of different formulations on scratch frequency ( A ) and substance P expression ( B ). Notes: * P <0.05 in comparison with DNCB; ** P <0.001 in comparison with DNCB; # P <0.05 in comparison with DNCB + Ointment; ## P <0.001 in comparison with DNCB +Ointment; + P <0.05; ++ P <0.001. Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; DNCB, 1–chloro–2,4–dinitrobenzene; FK506, tacrolimus; Control, healthy mice with shaved dorsal region; DNCB, AD-induced mice without drug treatment; DNCB + PC, AD-induced mice treated with propylene carbonate containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Ointment: AD-induced mice treated with commercial ointment containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; DNCB + Oil free, AD-induced mice treated with Oil free containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + Vehicle, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic vehicle without FK506; DNCB + MCE ME, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic containing 0.1% (w/v) FK506; DNCB + MCE ME gel, AD-induced mice treated with microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic gel containing 0.1% (w/w) FK506; SD, standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Abbreviations: FK506, tacrolimus; PC, The solution of 0.1% tacrolimus (FK506,w/v) dissolved in propylene carbonate; Oil free, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 solution containing the same surfactant and cosurfactant as microemulsion but without menthol/camphor eutectic; Ointment, 0.1%(w/w) FK506 commercial ointment; MCE ME, 0.1% (w/v) FK506 microemulsion based on menthol/camphor eutectic; MCE ME gel, 0.1% (w/w) FK506 microemulsion gel based on menthol/camphor eutectic; h, hours; SD, standard deviation.

Techniques: Inhibition, Expressing, Comparison, Ointment, Control, Standard Deviation