Journal: Translational Neuroscience

Article Title: Esmolol inhibits cognitive impairment and neuronal inflammation in mice with sepsis-induced brain injury

doi: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0297

Figure Lengend Snippet: Esmolol ameliorates cognitive deficits in septic mice. Mice were randomized and divided into control, esmolol, LPS, and LPS + esmolol groups. Mice were subcutaneously infused with saline or esmolol (15 mg/kg/h) for 6 h and then were intraperitoneally injected with saline or LPS (10 mg/kg). (a) Timeline of interventional procedure and cognitive tests after esmolol infusion and LPS injection. The MWM test was carried out 5 days after LPS injection to determine (b) escape latency and (c) retention time. The NOR test was trained on day 6 after LPS injection and tested at 30 min or 24 h later. The time spent with a novel object (preference index) was measured to evaluate (d) short-term memory and (e) long-term memory. Data were shown as mean ± SD ( n = 8 per group) and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. *** P < 0.001 vs control group; ### P < 0.001 vs LPS group.

Article Snippet: Male C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (10 mg/kg, L2630, Sigma) to establish a septic encephalopathy model. Esmolol (15 mg/kg/h, HY-B1392, MedChemExpress) was subcutaneously infused using osmotic mini-pumps for 6 h before LPS injection.

Techniques: Control, Saline, Injection

Journal: Translational Neuroscience

Article Title: Esmolol inhibits cognitive impairment and neuronal inflammation in mice with sepsis-induced brain injury

doi: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0297

Figure Lengend Snippet: Esmolol ameliorates injury and inflammation in the hippocampus of septic mice. (a) Representative images of Nissl staining in hippocampal tissue following LPS injection (magnification, 200×; scale bar: 50 μm). (b) Representative image of IL-1β expression in the hippocampal CA1 region of LPS mice by immunohistochemistry (magnification, 200×; scale bar: 50 μm). RT-qPCR was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of (c) IL-1β, (d) IL-6, and (e) TNF-α in the hippocampal tissues of mice. Data were shown as mean ± SD ( n = 8 per group). *** P < 0.001 vs control group; ### P < 0.001 vs LPS group.

Article Snippet: Male C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (10 mg/kg, L2630, Sigma) to establish a septic encephalopathy model. Esmolol (15 mg/kg/h, HY-B1392, MedChemExpress) was subcutaneously infused using osmotic mini-pumps for 6 h before LPS injection.

Techniques: Staining, Injection, Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control

Journal: Translational Neuroscience

Article Title: Esmolol inhibits cognitive impairment and neuronal inflammation in mice with sepsis-induced brain injury

doi: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0297

Figure Lengend Snippet: Esmolol inhibits LPS-induced apoptosis in the hippocampus of septic mice. (a) Representative image of TUNEL staining in hippocampal tissue (Magnification, 200×; Scale bar: 50 μm). (b) The TUNEL + cells were quantified in hippocampal tissue and normalized to DAPI + cells. *** P < 0.001 vs control group; ### P < 0.001 vs LPS group.

Article Snippet: Male C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (10 mg/kg, L2630, Sigma) to establish a septic encephalopathy model. Esmolol (15 mg/kg/h, HY-B1392, MedChemExpress) was subcutaneously infused using osmotic mini-pumps for 6 h before LPS injection.

Techniques: TUNEL Assay, Staining, Control

Journal: Translational Neuroscience

Article Title: Esmolol inhibits cognitive impairment and neuronal inflammation in mice with sepsis-induced brain injury

doi: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0297

Figure Lengend Snippet: Esmolol suppresses oxidative stress in the hippocampus of septic mice. (a) Representative images of hippocampal tissue stained with DHE (magnification, 200×; scale bar: 50 μm). (b) The extent of cellular ROS was quantified by calculating the percentage of DHE fluorescence area. The levels of (c) MDA, (d) SOD, and (e) CAT were measured in the hippocampal lysate. Data were shown as the mean ± SD ( n = 8 per group). *** P < 0.001 vs control group; ### P < 0.001 vs LPS group.

Article Snippet: Male C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (10 mg/kg, L2630, Sigma) to establish a septic encephalopathy model. Esmolol (15 mg/kg/h, HY-B1392, MedChemExpress) was subcutaneously infused using osmotic mini-pumps for 6 h before LPS injection.

Techniques: Staining, Fluorescence, Control

Journal: Translational Neuroscience

Article Title: Esmolol inhibits cognitive impairment and neuronal inflammation in mice with sepsis-induced brain injury

doi: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0297

Figure Lengend Snippet: Esmolol reduces microglia activation in septic mice. (a) Representative Iba-1 immunofluorescence staining in the hippocampus of mice treated with esmolol beginning at 6 h before LPS injection (magnification, 200×; scale bar: 50 μm). Statistical analysis of (b) Iba-1 + cell and (c) density of microglia in the hippocampus. Data were shown as mean ± SD ( n = 8 per group). *** P < 0.001 vs control group; ### P < 0.001 vs LPS group.

Article Snippet: Male C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (10 mg/kg, L2630, Sigma) to establish a septic encephalopathy model. Esmolol (15 mg/kg/h, HY-B1392, MedChemExpress) was subcutaneously infused using osmotic mini-pumps for 6 h before LPS injection.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Injection, Control