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raloxifene  (MedChemExpress)
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MedChemExpress raloxifene
Three-dimensional (3D) micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images of the subchondral bone in the ovariectomized/destabilization of the medial meniscus (OVX/DMM) rat group with and without estrogen (E2) and <t>raloxifene</t> (RAL) treatment and the control group. ( A ) Severe bone erosion, cyst formation, and bone sclerosis are shown in the OVX/DMM group. ( B ) Near-normal subchondral bone in the OVX/DMM+E2 group. ( C ) The subchondral bone shows osteoporosis and the bone structure is destroyed in the OVX/DMM+RAL group. ( D–F ) The degree of osteoporosis in the subchondral bone was increased.
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Three-dimensional (3D) micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images of the subchondral bone in the ovariectomized/destabilization of the medial meniscus (OVX/DMM) rat group with and without estrogen (E2) and raloxifene (RAL) treatment and the control group. ( A ) Severe bone erosion, cyst formation, and bone sclerosis are shown in the OVX/DMM group. ( B ) Near-normal subchondral bone in the OVX/DMM+E2 group. ( C ) The subchondral bone shows osteoporosis and the bone structure is destroyed in the OVX/DMM+RAL group. ( D–F ) The degree of osteoporosis in the subchondral bone was increased.

Journal: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

Article Title: Estrogen Modulates Cartilage and Subchondral Bone Remodeling in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoarthritis

doi: 10.12659/MSM.916254

Figure Lengend Snippet: Three-dimensional (3D) micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images of the subchondral bone in the ovariectomized/destabilization of the medial meniscus (OVX/DMM) rat group with and without estrogen (E2) and raloxifene (RAL) treatment and the control group. ( A ) Severe bone erosion, cyst formation, and bone sclerosis are shown in the OVX/DMM group. ( B ) Near-normal subchondral bone in the OVX/DMM+E2 group. ( C ) The subchondral bone shows osteoporosis and the bone structure is destroyed in the OVX/DMM+RAL group. ( D–F ) The degree of osteoporosis in the subchondral bone was increased.

Article Snippet: Two months after the models were successfully established, rats were injected with estrogen (0.1mg/kg/day) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis MO, USA) or raloxifene (3mg/kg/day) (MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) for one month.

Techniques: Micro-CT, Control

The bone mineral density (BMD) of the subchondral bone at 0, 2, and 4 weeks after surgery. Compared with the control group, the ovariectomized/destabilization of the medial meniscus (OVX/DMM) rat group, the OVX/DMM+estrogen (E2) group, and the raloxifene (RAL) treated group all show a loss of bone mass. Maintenance of bone mass showed no significant difference between the OA group and the OVX/DMM+RAL group, but the OVX/DMM+E2 group show significant improvement in bone mass (* P<0.05, ** P<0.01).

Journal: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

Article Title: Estrogen Modulates Cartilage and Subchondral Bone Remodeling in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoarthritis

doi: 10.12659/MSM.916254

Figure Lengend Snippet: The bone mineral density (BMD) of the subchondral bone at 0, 2, and 4 weeks after surgery. Compared with the control group, the ovariectomized/destabilization of the medial meniscus (OVX/DMM) rat group, the OVX/DMM+estrogen (E2) group, and the raloxifene (RAL) treated group all show a loss of bone mass. Maintenance of bone mass showed no significant difference between the OA group and the OVX/DMM+RAL group, but the OVX/DMM+E2 group show significant improvement in bone mass (* P<0.05, ** P<0.01).

Article Snippet: Two months after the models were successfully established, rats were injected with estrogen (0.1mg/kg/day) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis MO, USA) or raloxifene (3mg/kg/day) (MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) for one month.

Techniques: Control

Photomicrographs of the histology of the rat knee joints in the groups treated with estrogen (E2) and raloxifene (RAL). ( A ) The histology of the knee joint in the normal control rat group. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) ×100. ( B ) The histology of the knee joint in the ovariectomized/destabilization of the medial meniscus (OVX/DMM) rat group. H&E ×100. ( C ) The histology of the knee joint in the estrogen (E2)-treated rat group. H&E ×100. ( D ) The histology of the knee joint in the raloxifene (RAL)-treated rat group, H&E ×100.

Journal: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

Article Title: Estrogen Modulates Cartilage and Subchondral Bone Remodeling in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoarthritis

doi: 10.12659/MSM.916254

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photomicrographs of the histology of the rat knee joints in the groups treated with estrogen (E2) and raloxifene (RAL). ( A ) The histology of the knee joint in the normal control rat group. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) ×100. ( B ) The histology of the knee joint in the ovariectomized/destabilization of the medial meniscus (OVX/DMM) rat group. H&E ×100. ( C ) The histology of the knee joint in the estrogen (E2)-treated rat group. H&E ×100. ( D ) The histology of the knee joint in the raloxifene (RAL)-treated rat group, H&E ×100.

Article Snippet: Two months after the models were successfully established, rats were injected with estrogen (0.1mg/kg/day) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis MO, USA) or raloxifene (3mg/kg/day) (MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) for one month.

Techniques: Control