Journal: Gene expression patterns : GEP

Article Title: Molecular and Functional Analysis of Drosophila single-minded Larval Central Brain Expression

doi: 10.1016/j.gep.2011.09.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) 3rd instar larval brain stained with anti-Sim to show the 3 paired clusters of sim+ neurons: (DA) DAMv1/2, (BA) BAmas1/2, and (TR) TRdm neurons. Esophageal opening (Es) lies between the brain hemispheres. (B,C) Brains stained with anti-Sim (magenta) and MAb BP106 (green) showing (B) DAMv1/2 neurons and (C) BAmas1/2 neurons. Each cluster consists of two groups of neurons that extend an axon (arrowheads) that converge into a single axon tract. (D,D’) Brain stained with anti-Sim (magenta) and MAb BP106 (green) showing neuronal cell bodies and axon tracts. The characteristic tracts of the DAMv1/2 (DA) and BAmas1/2 (BA) neurons are shown (arrows). The DAMv1/2 axons can be seen crossing the midline in the DAC1 axon tract (arrowhead). (E,E’) Brain visualized for GFP (green) and Sim (magenta) showing two DAMv1/2 (DA) MARCM clones that fasciculate together in DAC1 (arrowhead). (F,F’) The characteristic ascending MeBd axon tract (arrow) is shown emanating from a BAmas1/2 (BA) MARCM clone. (G,G’) Brain stained with MAb BP106 (green) and anti-Sim (magenta) illustrating that the sim+ TRdm neurons extend a characteristic short projection (arrow) toward the neuropil near the ventral esophagus (Es).

Article Snippet: These cells lie at the ventral base of the esophageal opening ( , ) and can be recognized based on their position and characteristic neurite bifurcation ( Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006 ) as visualized with MAb BP106 staining ( ).

Techniques: Staining, Clone Assay

Journal: Gene expression patterns : GEP

Article Title: Molecular and Functional Analysis of Drosophila single-minded Larval Central Brain Expression

doi: 10.1016/j.gep.2011.09.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematic depicting the location of the B2.4 and F1.4 fragments with respect to the sim gene. B2.4 is located within the first intron 10.4 kb away from the F1.4 fragment, which spans the entire third intron. (B,B’) B2.4-Gal4 UAS-nuc-GFP drives GFP expression in the PSC neurons (arrow) on the posterior side of the larval brain. Brains stained with anti-GFP (green) and anti-Sim (magenta). (C) Staining B2.4-Gal4 UAS-nuc-GFP with MAb BP106 and anti-GFP illustrates axon tracts characteristic of the DPMm1–3 and DPMpm2 nerve cell clusters (BP106) and indicates that the PSC neurons reside near the site where some posterior axonal tracts enter the commissure. (D,D’) B2.4-Gal4 UAS-nuc-GFP drives GFP expression in Sim+ optic lobe laminar neurons (La). (E) B2.4-Gal4 UAS-tau-GFP stained with anti-Tau2 (green) reveals an axonal projection (arrow) emanating from the PSC that crosses the midline (dotted line) and fasciculates with contralateral PSC axons. (F) F1.4-Gal4 UAS-mCD8-GFP reveals GFP expression (green) in the Sim+ DAMv1/2 (DA), BAmas1/2 (BA), and TRdm (TR) neurons. Brains were stained with anti-GFP and MAb BP106 (magenta). (G,G’) On the posterior side of the brain, F1.4-Gal4 UAS-nuc-GFP expresses GFP (green) in the Sim+ DPM neurons and PLSC neurons but not in the PSC neurons (arrows).

Article Snippet: These cells lie at the ventral base of the esophageal opening ( , ) and can be recognized based on their position and characteristic neurite bifurcation ( Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006 ) as visualized with MAb BP106 staining ( ).

Techniques: Expressing, Staining

Journal: Gene expression patterns : GEP

Article Title: Molecular and Functional Analysis of Drosophila single-minded Larval Central Brain Expression

doi: 10.1016/j.gep.2011.09.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematic of a 37.8 kb genomic region that includes the sim gene and neighboring pic CG43063, and timeout genes. Two insulator protein binding sites surrounding sim are indicated by vertical lines. Fragments that were analyzed by Gal4 transgenesis are labeled A–K and include the fragment size in kb. The 3.7sim fragment has been previously described (Nambu et al., 1991). Green boxes indicate fragments that drive postembryonic expression, while fragments with no postembryonic expression are unfilled. (B,B’) A1.0-GFP.nls 3rd instar larval brains were stained with anti-GFP (green) and anti-Sim (magenta) to assess whether GFP co-localizes with Sim+ brain cells. On the anterior side of the brain, A1.0-GFP.nls drives expression in DAMv1/2 (DA), BAmas1/2 (BA), and TRdm (TR). In addition, GFP expression is detected in two optic lobe ganglia, the lamina (La) and medulla (Me). (C,C’) On the posterior side of the brain, A1.0-GFP.nls drives GFP expression in DPMm1–3 neurons and DPMpm2 neurons (DPM), PLSC neurons, and PSC neurons. (D) A1.0-GFP.nls drives GFP expression in the midline cells (ML) of the larval ventral nerve cord cells. (E,F) Mutant version of A1.0-GFP.nls, in which both Sim:Tgo binding sites were mutated, was analyzed. The larval brain was stained for GFP (green) and MAb BP106 (magenta). (E) On the anterior side of the brain, the BP106 staining indicates the location of the DAMv1/2 (DA), BAmas1/2 (BA), and TRdm (TR) neurons, and these cells were GFP−. (F) On the posterior side of the same brain, there was an absence of GFP in brain neurons. (G,H) Sagittal views of stage 11 A1.0-GFP.nls embryos with (G) unmutated A1.0-GFP.nls and (H) a version of A1.0-GFP.nls with the Sim:Tgo sites mutated. Single segment is shown with internal up and anterior to the left. Embryos are stained for GFP (green) and anti-Sim (magenta), which stains all midline cells. The unmutated A1.0-GFP.nls drives robust expression in all midline cells, whereas expression is absent in the mutated version.

Article Snippet: These cells lie at the ventral base of the esophageal opening ( , ) and can be recognized based on their position and characteristic neurite bifurcation ( Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006 ) as visualized with MAb BP106 staining ( ).

Techniques: Protein Binding, Labeling, Expressing, Staining, Mutagenesis, Binding Assay