Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Transcriptome-based lead generation, ligand- and structure-based prioritization and experimental validation of TLR5-activating molecules

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.25.707690

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: TLR5 secreted in the culture supernatants were measured using Human Toll-like Receptor 5, TLR5 ELISA kit (BT LAB, #E0374Hu) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Transcriptome-based lead generation, ligand- and structure-based prioritization and experimental validation of TLR5-activating molecules

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.25.707690

Figure Lengend Snippet: This figure shows all the H-bond interactions between robust CMap-generated leads and TLR5 which fall below 3 Å. The minimum 3 H-bond interactions between CMap-generated leads and TLR5 were showed by both Glide module and HADDOCK tool in each complex.

Article Snippet: TLR5 secreted in the culture supernatants were measured using Human Toll-like Receptor 5, TLR5 ELISA kit (BT LAB, #E0374Hu) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Generated

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Transcriptome-based lead generation, ligand- and structure-based prioritization and experimental validation of TLR5-activating molecules

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.25.707690

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) CAL 27 cells were incubated with the CMap-generated leads: Cytarabine (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Azacytidine (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Penicillin (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Streptozotocin (400µM, 200µM, 100µM), Piceatannol (400µM, 200µM, 100µM) and flagellin (5ng/ml) for 24h. (B) CAL 27 cells were incubated with the CMap-generated leads: Fenoterol (400µM, 200µM, 100µM), ABT-751 (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Ganciclovir (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Kinetin-riboside (100µM, 50µM, 25µM), and flagellin (5ng/ml) for 24h. Bar graph representing the relative expression levels of TLR5 with respect to the untreated control. Fold change is calculated by the signal of the treated sample divided by the signal of the control. If the fold change is >1, TLR5 expression is upregulated whereas fold change <1 is taken as downregulated. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: TLR5 secreted in the culture supernatants were measured using Human Toll-like Receptor 5, TLR5 ELISA kit (BT LAB, #E0374Hu) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Incubation, Generated, Expressing, Control

Journal: Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

Article Title: Microbe-associated molecular patterns differentially mediate carcinogenic alterations of the breast tissue in the context of obesity

doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2026.101284

Figure Lengend Snippet: LPS and flagellin induce DNA double-strand breaks in breast acini in a TLR-dependent manner. A. Representative comet images from neutral comet assays performed on 3D cultures of breast acini treated with vehicle (control), 1 μg/ml LPS, 1 μg/ml LTA, and 10 ng/ml flagellin for 72 h. Bleomycin (BLM; 20 mU/ml; 2h) was used as positive control. B. Comet assay quantification. n=300 acini from 3 biological replicates. C. Representative images for immunofluorescence staining of 53BP1 (red) in acini treated with MAMPs ± TLR inhibitors. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue). D-F. Quantification of 53BP1 foci numbers in acini treated with LPS ± TLR4 inhibitor (D), with LTA ± TLR2 inhibitor (E) or with flagellin ± TLR5 inhibitor (F). ns is not significant. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.

Article Snippet: Antibodies against TLR4 (Santa Cruz; sc-293072), TLR5 (Santa Cruz; sc-518106), TLR2 (Santa Cruz; sc-21795), NF-κB p65 (Cell Signaling Technology; 8242), LEDGF (Cell Signaling Technology; 2088), Lamin B (Abcam; Ab16048), and α-tubulin (Cell Signaling Technology; 2144) were used.

Techniques: Control, Positive Control, Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis, Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)

Article Title: Microbe-associated molecular patterns differentially mediate carcinogenic alterations of the breast tissue in the context of obesity

doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2026.101284

Figure Lengend Snippet: Blockade of TLR4 and TLR5 mitigates DNA damage in the mammary glands. A. Schematic of the experiment. B-D-F. Representative images for TLR2 (B), TLR4 (D), and TLR5 (F) IHC signals in mammary glands of mice treated with saline, mismatch morpholino (MM) and the corresponding TLR morpholino (TLR M). Hematoxylin was used as a counterstain. Image analysis and quantification of TLR2/4/5-DAB positive areas is shown in the graphs (C,E,G). H. Representative comet images of the neutral comet assay performed on mammary cells treated with vehicle, MM, and TLR morpholinos. I. Quantification of comet assay results for the aforementioned mice groups. ns is not significant. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.

Article Snippet: Antibodies against TLR4 (Santa Cruz; sc-293072), TLR5 (Santa Cruz; sc-518106), TLR2 (Santa Cruz; sc-21795), NF-κB p65 (Cell Signaling Technology; 8242), LEDGF (Cell Signaling Technology; 2088), Lamin B (Abcam; Ab16048), and α-tubulin (Cell Signaling Technology; 2144) were used.

Techniques: Saline, Neutral Comet Assay, Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Transcriptome-based lead generation, ligand- and structure-based prioritization and experimental validation of TLR5-activating molecules

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.25.707690

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: TLR5 secreted in the culture supernatants were measured using Human Toll-like Receptor 5, TLR5 ELISA kit (BT LAB, #E0374Hu) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Transcriptome-based lead generation, ligand- and structure-based prioritization and experimental validation of TLR5-activating molecules

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.25.707690

Figure Lengend Snippet: This figure shows all the H-bond interactions between robust CMap-generated leads and TLR5 which fall below 3 Å. The minimum 3 H-bond interactions between CMap-generated leads and TLR5 were showed by both Glide module and HADDOCK tool in each complex.

Article Snippet: TLR5 secreted in the culture supernatants were measured using Human Toll-like Receptor 5, TLR5 ELISA kit (BT LAB, #E0374Hu) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Generated

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Transcriptome-based lead generation, ligand- and structure-based prioritization and experimental validation of TLR5-activating molecules

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.25.707690

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) CAL 27 cells were incubated with the CMap-generated leads: Cytarabine (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Azacytidine (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Penicillin (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Streptozotocin (400µM, 200µM, 100µM), Piceatannol (400µM, 200µM, 100µM) and flagellin (5ng/ml) for 24h. (B) CAL 27 cells were incubated with the CMap-generated leads: Fenoterol (400µM, 200µM, 100µM), ABT-751 (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Ganciclovir (200µM, 100µM, 50µM), Kinetin-riboside (100µM, 50µM, 25µM), and flagellin (5ng/ml) for 24h. Bar graph representing the relative expression levels of TLR5 with respect to the untreated control. Fold change is calculated by the signal of the treated sample divided by the signal of the control. If the fold change is >1, TLR5 expression is upregulated whereas fold change <1 is taken as downregulated. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: TLR5 secreted in the culture supernatants were measured using Human Toll-like Receptor 5, TLR5 ELISA kit (BT LAB, #E0374Hu) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Incubation, Generated, Expressing, Control