Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Metabolic‐Redox Remodeling of Inflammatory Synovium by Mannose‐Modified Selenium Nanoparticles for Osteoarthritis Therapy

doi: 10.1002/advs.78188

Figure Lengend Snippet: Design, synthesis, and physicochemical characterization of M‐SeNPs. (A) Schematic illustration of the therapeutic concept. GLUT1 over‐expression on inflammatory FLS and macrophages in osteoarthritis enables efficient delivery and uptake of mannose‐modified selenium nanoparticles (M‐SeNPs). (Created in BioRender.) (B) Representative TEM images of unmodified SeNPs and M‐SeNPs. (C) EDS confirming Se as the dominant elemental component of both nanoparticles. (D) DLS analysis showing the hydrodynamic diameters of SeNPs and M‐SeNPs. Zeta potential shifts from ‐2.7 mV to ‐1.2 mV following mannose functionalization, indicating successful surface modification. (E) Colloidal stability of SeNPs and M‐SeNPs evaluated by DLS over 7 days under physiologically relevant pH conditions (pH 5.3, 6.8, and 7.4). (F) FTIR spectra of M‐SeNPs showing characteristic O‐H stretching (∼3300 cm − 1 ), C─H stretching (2800–3000 cm − 1 ) and C‐O stretching (∼1000‐1100 cm − 1 ), consistent with mannose conjugation. (G) UV–Vis absorption spectra of SeNPs and M‐SeNPs. (H) Cell viability of FLSs and RAW 264.7 macrophages following treatment with SeNPs and M‐SeNPs for 24, 48 and 72 h, as measured by CCK‐8 assay. Values were normalized to the untreated control (100%). (I) HPLC‐ICP‐MS analysis demonstrating intracellular metabolic conversion of M‐SeNPs into bioactive selenium species, predominantly SeCys 2 , within 24 h. (J) Concentrations of five selenium species (SeCys 2 , MetSeCys, Se IV, SeMet, and Se VI) determined at 2, 4, 12, and 24 h after incubation. (K) Calculated formation rates of individual selenium species across four incubation intervals (0–2 h, 2–4 h, 4–12 h, and 12–24 h), illustrating the dynamic transformation kinetics of intracellular selenium. DMAP: 4‐dimethylaminopyridine; DCC, N,N’‐Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; Vc: Vitamin C, Ascorbic acid; DSPE: 1,2‐Distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphorylethanolamine; PEG: Polyethylene glycol; C, Carbon; O, Oxygen. Quantitative data in (D, E, H, J, K) are shown as mean ± S.D., with statistical significance determined by one‐way ANOVA. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: RAW 264.7 macrophages were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).

Techniques: Over Expression, Modification, Analysis, Zeta Potential Analyzer, Stability, Conjugation Assay, CCK-8 Assay, Control, Incubation, Transformation Assay

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: Salmon bone-derived chondroitin sulfate nanogels for controlled delivery of curcumin: release behavior, structural characteristics and anti-inflammatory efficacy

doi: 10.1039/d6ra06378k

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production and (b) cell viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with blank CS, free curcumin, physical mixture of CS + curcumin (Mix CS + Cur), and CS-Cur nanogel. Data represent mean ± SD ( n = 3, independent replicates). Statistical significance in (a) relative to the curcumin control group is denoted as: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: For the in vitro cell culture and biological evaluation, the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology

Article Title: Single-cell RNA Sequencing Analysis Reveals That Targeting PLG–PLGRKT Signaling-mediated Pro-fibrotic Scar-associated Macrophages Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis in Biliary Atresia

doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2026.00278

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematic illustration of Trem2 antibody–siRNA conjugates used for Plgrkt knockdown in SAMs. (B) Uptake of Cy5-labeled Trem2–siRNA conjugates by RAW264.7 macrophages observed by fluorescence microscopy. (C) In vivo localization of Cy5-labeled Trem2–siRNA conjugates with F4/80-Cy3-positive macrophages in liver tissue. (D) Schematic overview of the BDL mouse model and treatment groups. (E) Western blot analysis of Plg-RKT protein levels in liver tissues from different experimental groups. (F) H&E and Sirius Red staining of liver sections from each group. (G) Representative flow cytometry analysis of SAMs (Cd45 + F4/80 + Trem2 + Cd9 + ) in liver tissue. (H) Quantification of SAM frequencies across experimental groups. (I) mRNA expression levels of SAM-associated genes ( Trem2 and Cd9 ) measured by RT-qPCR. (J) mRNA expression levels of fibrosis-related genes ( Spp1 , Anxa2 , Gpnmb , Lgals1 , and Lgals3 ) measured by RT-qPCR. Data represent n = 5 per group. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001. BDL, bile duct ligation; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction; SAMs, scar-associated macrophages; siRNA, small interfering RNA; PLGRKT, plasminogen receptor with a C-terminal lysine.

Article Snippet: For in vitro uptake, RAW264.7 macrophages (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) were seeded onto coverslips, incubated overnight, and exposed to Cy5-labeled TREM2–siRNA conjugates for 2 h. Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, mounted in DAPI-containing mounting medium, and examined by fluorescence microscopy, as previously described.

Techniques: Knockdown, Labeling, Fluorescence, Microscopy, In Vivo, Tissue, Western Blot, Analysis, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Ligation, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Small Interfering RNA