Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Slippery dopamine–fluoropolymer hybrid surface for improving biliary stent longevity

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro cell evaluations. (a, b) Fluorescence microscopic images of NIH 3T3 cells stained with a live/dead kit and corresponding quantitative analysis (n = 4) (scale bars, 100 μm). (c) Cytotoxicity analysis with NIT-3T3 cells using CCK-8 kit (n = 4). (d, e) Morphological analysis of NIH 3T3 cells stained for actin (red) and nucleus (blue), with fibroblast aspect ratio analysis (scale bars, 100 μm) (n = 4). (f) Schematic illustration demonstrating the selective application of ELFS coating to the target region. (g, h) Fluorescence images showing selective adhesion of NIH 3T3 and RAW 264.7 cells to ELFS-uncoated region (n = 4) (scale bars, 100 μm). (i, j) Optical images and quantification of adhered colony-forming units (CFUs) on non-coated and ELFS-coated plates after incubation in E. coli and S. aureus suspensions for 24 h (n = 4). (k) Sequential SEM images depicting biofilm formation on non-coated and ELFS- coated stent fragments (n = 3) (scale bars, 0.5 μm). (∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001). ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: The prepared stents were placed on the Transwell insert, and NIH-3T3 fibroblasts (ATCC CRL-1658; 0.5 × 10 5 cells mL −1 ) or human biliary epithelial SNU-1079 cells (Korean Cell Line Bank, KCLB No. 01079; 0.5 × 10 5 cells mL −1 ) were cultured in 2 mL of DMEM supplemented with 10% bovine calf serum and 1% penicillin–streptomycin.

Techniques: In Vitro, Fluorescence, Staining, CCK-8 Assay, Incubation

Journal: Journal of Cell Science

Article Title: OptoLoop – an optogenetic tool to probe the functional role of genome organization

doi: 10.1242/jcs.264574

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exploration of optogenetic clustering properties of CRY2. (A) Top panels, time-lapse images of a NIH3T3 cell expressing CRY2high–mCherry activated with a 488-nm microscope laser starting at time t =0 (blue vertical arrow, 1.5 s pulses every 10 s). Scale bars: 5 µm. Bottom panel, coefficient of variation (CV) of fluorescence intensity calculated as the ratio between the nuclear intensity standard deviation and the nuclear intensity mean, presented as relative to the CV at time t =0. Data points corresponding to the images are marked in red. (B) Top panel, protein sequence of the C-terminus of the CRY2 PHR domain and part of the artificial linker used for C-terminal fusions for wild-type CRY2 (CRY2wt) and for CRY2 mutants. The newly generated variant CRY2hiclu is marked in bold. Mutations relative to the CRY2wt sequence are highlighted in gray. Bottom panel, images of NIH3T3 cells expressing CRY2 mutants fused to mCherry, illuminated with 1 s blue light pulses every 10 s for 15 min, and then fixed. The nucleus is delimited with a yellow line. Scale bars: 5 µm. (C) CV calculated from images obtained from NIH3T3 cells expressing CRY2 variants fused to mCherry, illuminated with pulsed blue light for 15 min, and then fixed, plotted as a function of mCherry nuclear intensity. ∼25 cells were analyzed per sample (each dot represents one cell). Continuous lines represent simple logistic fits. (D) Time-lapse images of a NIH3T3 cell expressing CRY2hiclu–mCherry activated once with the 488-nm microscope laser for 15 s at time t =0 (marked with a blue arrow). Scale bars: 5 µm. (E) Mean ( n =25) CV calculated from time-lapse images obtained from NIH3T3 cells expressing CRY2olig-mCherry, illuminated with blue light at time t =0, and then kept without blue light. The clustering ( t c ) and declustering times ( t d ) were determined from individual kinetic curves. (F) t c (top panel) and t d (bottom panel) represented as a function of mCherry nuclear intensity. ∼25–40 cells were analyzed per sample (each dot represents one cell). Continuous lines represent simple exponential (clustering) and linear (declustering) fits.

Article Snippet: NIH3T3 (mouse fibroblasts, ATCC #CRL-1658), U2OS (from human osteosarcoma, ATCC #HTB-96), HeLa (from human cervical adenocarcinoma, ATCC #CRM-CCL-2) and Lenti-X HEK-293T (from human embryonic kidney, cat. #632180 from Takara Bio, Japan) cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% (15% for NIH3T3) fetal bovine serum (Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA) plus 100 IU/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Expressing, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Standard Deviation, Sequencing, Generated, Variant Assay

Journal: International Dental Journal

Article Title: A Pilot Study Assessing the Oral Microbiome in Women of Menopausal Age: Do Oral Nitrate–Reducing Bacteria Play a Role?

doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2026.109518

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oral microbiome diversity of composition in the women ageing and menopausal ageing groups. (A) The α-diversity profile, displayed using a boxplot of Shannon diversity indices (H) of oral microbiota. (B) The β-diversity profile, displayed using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plots. Ellipsis represents the 95% confidence intervals for groups. (C) Stacked bar chart displaying the relative abundance of the main bacterial phyla. Phyla are assigned according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Data were considered statistically significant at P < .05, displayed with an asterisk in each plot: *<0.05, **<0.01, and ***<0.001 (<32, n = 18; 40-49, n = 10; 50-59, n = 20; 60+, n = 12). (D) The α-diversity profile, displayed using a boxplot of Shannon diversity indices (H) of oral microbiota. (E) The β-diversity profile, displayed using NMDS plots. Ellipsis represents the 95% confidence intervals for groups. (F) Stacked bar chart displaying the relative abundance of the main bacterial phyla. Phyla are assigned according to the NIH NCBA taxonomy database. Data were considered statistically significant at P < .05, displayed with an asterisk in each plot: *<0.05, **<0.01, and ***<0.001 (Pre, n = 16; Peri, n = 10; Post, n = 11).

Article Snippet: Phyla are assigned according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database.

Techniques:

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Procyanidin capsules attenuate PI3K/AKT-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerate skin wound healing in diabetic mice

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103029

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biocompatibility of PC capsules: (A–B) cell viability of HUVECs (A) and NIH/3T3 cells (B) treated with different concentrations of PC capsules for 24 h detected by MTT assay; (C–D) toxic staining of PC capsules on HUVECs and NIH/3T3 cells detected by living/dead cell staining; (E) photos of the backs of mice after receiving a subcutaneous injection of PC capsules and subcutaneous PC capsules after injection at day 4 and day 7; (F) slices of major organs (heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys) in mice after 14 days of PC capsule administration; scale bar = 100 μm. Serum liver function indicators were: (G) ALT and (H) AST. Serum renal function indicators were: (I) BUN and (J) CRE. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) with n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Significance markers are defined as: ns (p > 0.05).

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (CRL-1730, USA, RRID: CVCL_2959) and NIH/3T3 cells (CRL-1658, USA, RRID: CVCL_0594) used in this study were purchased from American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Capsules, MTT Assay, Staining, Injection, Standard Deviation

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Procyanidin capsules attenuate PI3K/AKT-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerate skin wound healing in diabetic mice

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103029

Figure Lengend Snippet: PC capsules increased cell viability under H 2 O 2 stimulation: cell viability of HUVECs (A) and NIH/3T3 (B) cells treated with different concentrations of H 2 O 2 for 6 h detected by MTT assay; viability of H 2 O 2 ‐treated HUVECs (C) and NIH/3T3 cells (D) with different concentrations of PC capsule pretreatment. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) with n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Significance markers are defined as: ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (CRL-1730, USA, RRID: CVCL_2959) and NIH/3T3 cells (CRL-1658, USA, RRID: CVCL_0594) used in this study were purchased from American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Capsules, MTT Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Procyanidin capsules attenuate PI3K/AKT-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerate skin wound healing in diabetic mice

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103029

Figure Lengend Snippet: PC capsules restored cell function in H 2 O 2 -treated HUVECs and NIH/3T3 cells. HUVECs and NIH/3T3 cells were treated with PC capsules for 24 h and H 2 O 2 for 6 h. (A) Images of HUVEC migration exposure to H 2 O 2 , NAC, PC capsules after 24 h; (B) quantification of percentage wound area remaining for HUVECs; (C) images of NIH/3T3 cell migration exposure to H 2 O 2 , NAC, PC capsules after 24 h; (D) quantification of percentage wound area remaining for NIH/3T3 cells; (E–F) digital images of endothelial cell microtubule formation after treatment with H 2 O 2 , NAC, and PC capsules. Quantification of (G) number of branch sites, (H) total lengths and (I) numbers of tube nodes. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) with n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Significance markers are defined as: ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 (vs. control group); ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 (vs. H 2 O 2 group).

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (CRL-1730, USA, RRID: CVCL_2959) and NIH/3T3 cells (CRL-1658, USA, RRID: CVCL_0594) used in this study were purchased from American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Capsules, Cell Function Assay, Migration, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Procyanidin capsules attenuate PI3K/AKT-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerate skin wound healing in diabetic mice

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103029

Figure Lengend Snippet: PC capsules improved mitochondrial function in H 2 O 2 -treated HUVECs and NIH/3T3 cells: (A–D) elimination of ROS from HUVECs (A, C) and NIH/3T3 (B, D) cells by PC capsules as determined by MitoSOX; (E–H) assessment of PC-mediated HUVECs (E, G) and NIH/3T3 cells (F, H) MMP using TMRM assays; (I–J) effects of PC capsules on ATP production in HUVECs (I) and NIH/3T3 cells (J). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) with n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Significance markers are defined as: ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001, ####p < 0.0001 (vs. control group); ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 (vs. H 2 O 2 group).

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (CRL-1730, USA, RRID: CVCL_2959) and NIH/3T3 cells (CRL-1658, USA, RRID: CVCL_0594) used in this study were purchased from American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Capsules, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Procyanidin capsules attenuate PI3K/AKT-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerate skin wound healing in diabetic mice

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103029

Figure Lengend Snippet: PC capsule–mediated cytoprotection via promoting activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway: expression of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, and AKT in HUVECs treated with PC capsules for 24 h and presence/absence of H 2 O 2 for 6 h (A); and analysis of optical density values of p-PI3K/PI3K (B) and p-AKT/AKT (C); expression of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, and AKT in NIH/3T3 cells treated with PC capsules for 24 h and presence/absence of H 2 O 2 for 6 h (D); and analysis of optical density values of p-PI3K/PI3K (E) and p-AKT/AKT (F). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) with n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Significance markers are defined as: #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 (vs control group); ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 (vs PC group or vs H 2 O 2 group).

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (CRL-1730, USA, RRID: CVCL_2959) and NIH/3T3 cells (CRL-1658, USA, RRID: CVCL_0594) used in this study were purchased from American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Capsules, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Procyanidin capsules attenuate PI3K/AKT-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerate skin wound healing in diabetic mice

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103029

Figure Lengend Snippet: PC capsules improve HUVEC and NIH/3T3 cell dysfunction by regulating PI3K/AKT signaling. HUVECs and NIH/3T3 cells were treated with PC capsules and LY294002 for 24 h and H 2 O 2 for 6 h. (A) Images of HUVEC migration exposure to H 2 O 2 , LY294002, PC capsules after 24 h; (B) quantification of percentage wound area remaining for HUVECs; (C) images of NIH/3T3 cell migration exposure to H 2 O 2 , LY294002, PC capsules after 24 h; (D) quantification of percentage wound area remaining for NIH/3T3 cells; (E–F) digital images of endothelial cell microtubule formation after treatment with H 2 O 2 , LY294002, and PC capsules. Quantification of (G) number of branch sites, (H) total lengths and (I) numbers of tube nodes (J); and analysis of optical density values of p-PI3K/PI3K (K) and p-AKT/AKT (L); expression of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, and AKT in NIH/3T3 cells treated with PC capsules, and LY294002 for 24 h and presence/absence of H 2 O 2 for 6 h (M); and analysis of optical density values of p-PI3K/PI3K (N) and p-AKT/AKT (O). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) with n = 3 independent biological replicates per group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Significance markers are defined as: ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 (vs. control group); ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 (vs PC group or vs LY294002 group).

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (CRL-1730, USA, RRID: CVCL_2959) and NIH/3T3 cells (CRL-1658, USA, RRID: CVCL_0594) used in this study were purchased from American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Capsules, Migration, Expressing, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Crosslinked hyaluronic acid-doped polypyrrole: Stable, nonbiofouling implantable bioelectrodes for in vivo signal recording

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103182

Figure Lengend Snippet: Surface characterization of PPy/HA and PPy/cHA after hyaluronidase (HAase) treatment. (a) WCAs of gold, PPy/HA, and PPy/cHA before and after HAase treatment. (b) Quantification of surface carboxyl groups on PPy/HA and PPy/cHA after HAase treatment. (c) Electrochemical impedance spectra of gold, PPy/HA, and PPy/cHA electrodes with or without HAase treatment. (d) Relative impedance changes (%) at 1 Hz for PPy/HA and PPy/cHA electrodes after HAase treatment. The impedance value at 1 Hz of each electrode was normalized to that of HAase non-treated PPy/HA. (e) Representative optical micrographs of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts adhered on gold, PPy/HA, and PPy/cHA with and without HAase treatment. Scale bar = 200 μm. (f) Quantification of adhered cell numbers. An asterisk (∗) denotes a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Mouse NIH-3T3 fibroblasts (Korean Cell Line Bank, Seoul, Republic of Korea) were seeded on each sample to evaluate cell adhesion.

Techniques:

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Crosslinked hyaluronic acid-doped polypyrrole: Stable, nonbiofouling implantable bioelectrodes for in vivo signal recording

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103182

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro cytotoxicity tests. (a) Representative live/dead fluorescence images of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts cultured in extract media obtained from gold, PPy/HA, and PPy/cHA electrodes after 24 h of incubation. Live and dead cells are stained green and red, respectively. Scale bars = 200 μm. (b) Live cell percentages (cell viability). (c) Metabolic activity of cells assessed by WST-1 assay after 24 h incubation with extract media from gold, PPy/HA, and PPy/cHA electrodes. An asterisk (∗) denotes a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Mouse NIH-3T3 fibroblasts (Korean Cell Line Bank, Seoul, Republic of Korea) were seeded on each sample to evaluate cell adhesion.

Techniques: In Vitro, Fluorescence, Cell Culture, Incubation, Staining, Activity Assay, WST-1 Assay