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Miltenyi Biotec macrophage isolation kit (peritoneum), mouse
Macrophage Isolation Kit (Peritoneum), Mouse, supplied by Miltenyi Biotec, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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iXCells Biotechnologies mouse bone marrow derived macrophages
a Timeline of tumor cell injection in MaFIA mice and peripheral macrophage ablation using AP20187. b , c A statistically borderline reduction in DRG macrophage density in MC38 mice 24 h after ablation (F (2,8) = 3.686, p = 0.059). Two-sided unpaired t-test. Error bars = SEM. d , e A significant reduction in sciatic nerve macrophage density in MC38 mice 24 h after ablation (F 2, 6 = 17.5, p = 0.003; one-way ANOVA, Šidák). Error bars = SEM. f Worsened beam walk performance in MC38 mice post-ablation ( n = 8 per group, F 2, 26 = 4.253, p = 0.042, aligned rank transformed one-way ANOVA, Šidák’s multiple comparisons test). g Schematic of MC38 mouse serum collection and treatment of cultured bone marrow-derived <t>macrophages</t> (BMDMs). h , i Gene Ontology analysis and heatmaps reveal significant expression changes in BMDMs exposed to MC38 mouse serum, most notably, upregulation of pathways consistent with interferon stimulation and immune cell chemotaxis, alongside downregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. Benjamini-Hochberg FDR-adjusted p -values. Source data are provided as a file. a , g Created in BioRender. Shepherd, A. (2026) https://BioRender.com/6vbp08x .
Mouse Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages, supplied by iXCells Biotechnologies, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Bio-Rad macrophages
a Timeline of tumor cell injection in MaFIA mice and peripheral macrophage ablation using AP20187. b , c A statistically borderline reduction in DRG macrophage density in MC38 mice 24 h after ablation (F (2,8) = 3.686, p = 0.059). Two-sided unpaired t-test. Error bars = SEM. d , e A significant reduction in sciatic nerve macrophage density in MC38 mice 24 h after ablation (F 2, 6 = 17.5, p = 0.003; one-way ANOVA, Šidák). Error bars = SEM. f Worsened beam walk performance in MC38 mice post-ablation ( n = 8 per group, F 2, 26 = 4.253, p = 0.042, aligned rank transformed one-way ANOVA, Šidák’s multiple comparisons test). g Schematic of MC38 mouse serum collection and treatment of cultured bone marrow-derived <t>macrophages</t> (BMDMs). h , i Gene Ontology analysis and heatmaps reveal significant expression changes in BMDMs exposed to MC38 mouse serum, most notably, upregulation of pathways consistent with interferon stimulation and immune cell chemotaxis, alongside downregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. Benjamini-Hochberg FDR-adjusted p -values. Source data are provided as a file. a , g Created in BioRender. Shepherd, A. (2026) https://BioRender.com/6vbp08x .
Macrophages, supplied by Bio-Rad, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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ATCC raw 264 7 mouse macrophages
a Timeline of tumor cell injection in MaFIA mice and peripheral macrophage ablation using AP20187. b , c A statistically borderline reduction in DRG macrophage density in MC38 mice 24 h after ablation (F (2,8) = 3.686, p = 0.059). Two-sided unpaired t-test. Error bars = SEM. d , e A significant reduction in sciatic nerve macrophage density in MC38 mice 24 h after ablation (F 2, 6 = 17.5, p = 0.003; one-way ANOVA, Šidák). Error bars = SEM. f Worsened beam walk performance in MC38 mice post-ablation ( n = 8 per group, F 2, 26 = 4.253, p = 0.042, aligned rank transformed one-way ANOVA, Šidák’s multiple comparisons test). g Schematic of MC38 mouse serum collection and treatment of cultured bone marrow-derived <t>macrophages</t> (BMDMs). h , i Gene Ontology analysis and heatmaps reveal significant expression changes in BMDMs exposed to MC38 mouse serum, most notably, upregulation of pathways consistent with interferon stimulation and immune cell chemotaxis, alongside downregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. Benjamini-Hochberg FDR-adjusted p -values. Source data are provided as a file. a , g Created in BioRender. Shepherd, A. (2026) https://BioRender.com/6vbp08x .
Raw 264 7 Mouse Macrophages, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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R&D Systems mouse macrophage colony
a Timeline of tumor cell injection in MaFIA mice and peripheral macrophage ablation using AP20187. b , c A statistically borderline reduction in DRG macrophage density in MC38 mice 24 h after ablation (F (2,8) = 3.686, p = 0.059). Two-sided unpaired t-test. Error bars = SEM. d , e A significant reduction in sciatic nerve macrophage density in MC38 mice 24 h after ablation (F 2, 6 = 17.5, p = 0.003; one-way ANOVA, Šidák). Error bars = SEM. f Worsened beam walk performance in MC38 mice post-ablation ( n = 8 per group, F 2, 26 = 4.253, p = 0.042, aligned rank transformed one-way ANOVA, Šidák’s multiple comparisons test). g Schematic of MC38 mouse serum collection and treatment of cultured bone marrow-derived <t>macrophages</t> (BMDMs). h , i Gene Ontology analysis and heatmaps reveal significant expression changes in BMDMs exposed to MC38 mouse serum, most notably, upregulation of pathways consistent with interferon stimulation and immune cell chemotaxis, alongside downregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. Benjamini-Hochberg FDR-adjusted p -values. Source data are provided as a file. a , g Created in BioRender. Shepherd, A. (2026) https://BioRender.com/6vbp08x .
Mouse Macrophage Colony, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Bio X Cell macrophage depletion
(A) scRNA-seq analysis of non-parenchymal cells from the indicated muscle tissues of Ckm Cre and Ckm Cre ; Mapk14 fl/fl mice. The UMAP plot shows annotated populations; SMC, smooth muscle cells; Satellite cells (Sat. cells). See also fig. S6A . (B) Expression of Csf1r , <t>Csf1</t> and Il34 in the indicated cell populations, as determined from our scRNA-seq dataset. Right, intercellular communication network for the CSF1 signalling pathway from CellChat. (C) Number of macrophages per gram of tissue normalized to isotype-treated heart values; n=5 mice per group. Statistics determined by unpaired t-test. (D) Representative micrograph of the myocardium of Pdgfrb CreERT ; Rosa26 Tomato mice showing PDGFβR + fibroblasts and macrophages (CD68). (E) Distance of macrophages to the nearest Tomato + cell, compared to random dots; n=3 mice. Statistics determined by paired t-test. Normalized levels of Csf1 transcript (F) , Csf1 protein (G) and density of fibroblasts (H) . Data is from 3 (F), 4 (G) and 7 (H) mice per group. (I) Correlation plot comparing Csf1 expression with macrophage density. (J) Design of the CSF1 mCherry reporter mouse and representative histograms showing CSF1-mCherry expression in fibroblasts, which is quantified in (K) as mCherry mean intensity and total density of Csf1 + fibroblasts; n=5 mice. Statistics assessed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, compared with the Heart. (L) Normalized number of fibroblasts and (M) CSF1 protein per gram of tissue in Ckm Cre and Ckm Cre ; Mapk14 fl/fl mice; n=12–13 mice (L) or 4 mice (M). Statistics were determined by an unpaired t-test. (N) Images and (O) quantification of normalized TMRE signal in tissues from the indicated mice and treatments. Exposure times per tissue are indicated; n=6–7 mice. Statistics were determined by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. All bars show mean ± SEM. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; n.s., not significant.
Macrophage Depletion, supplied by Bio X Cell, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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ABclonal Biotechnology granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
(A) scRNA-seq analysis of non-parenchymal cells from the indicated muscle tissues of Ckm Cre and Ckm Cre ; Mapk14 fl/fl mice. The UMAP plot shows annotated populations; SMC, smooth muscle cells; Satellite cells (Sat. cells). See also fig. S6A . (B) Expression of Csf1r , <t>Csf1</t> and Il34 in the indicated cell populations, as determined from our scRNA-seq dataset. Right, intercellular communication network for the CSF1 signalling pathway from CellChat. (C) Number of macrophages per gram of tissue normalized to isotype-treated heart values; n=5 mice per group. Statistics determined by unpaired t-test. (D) Representative micrograph of the myocardium of Pdgfrb CreERT ; Rosa26 Tomato mice showing PDGFβR + fibroblasts and macrophages (CD68). (E) Distance of macrophages to the nearest Tomato + cell, compared to random dots; n=3 mice. Statistics determined by paired t-test. Normalized levels of Csf1 transcript (F) , Csf1 protein (G) and density of fibroblasts (H) . Data is from 3 (F), 4 (G) and 7 (H) mice per group. (I) Correlation plot comparing Csf1 expression with macrophage density. (J) Design of the CSF1 mCherry reporter mouse and representative histograms showing CSF1-mCherry expression in fibroblasts, which is quantified in (K) as mCherry mean intensity and total density of Csf1 + fibroblasts; n=5 mice. Statistics assessed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, compared with the Heart. (L) Normalized number of fibroblasts and (M) CSF1 protein per gram of tissue in Ckm Cre and Ckm Cre ; Mapk14 fl/fl mice; n=12–13 mice (L) or 4 mice (M). Statistics were determined by an unpaired t-test. (N) Images and (O) quantification of normalized TMRE signal in tissues from the indicated mice and treatments. Exposure times per tissue are indicated; n=6–7 mice. Statistics were determined by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. All bars show mean ± SEM. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; n.s., not significant.
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ABclonal Biotechnology mouse macrophage colony
(A) scRNA-seq analysis of non-parenchymal cells from the indicated muscle tissues of Ckm Cre and Ckm Cre ; Mapk14 fl/fl mice. The UMAP plot shows annotated populations; SMC, smooth muscle cells; Satellite cells (Sat. cells). See also fig. S6A . (B) Expression of Csf1r , <t>Csf1</t> and Il34 in the indicated cell populations, as determined from our scRNA-seq dataset. Right, intercellular communication network for the CSF1 signalling pathway from CellChat. (C) Number of macrophages per gram of tissue normalized to isotype-treated heart values; n=5 mice per group. Statistics determined by unpaired t-test. (D) Representative micrograph of the myocardium of Pdgfrb CreERT ; Rosa26 Tomato mice showing PDGFβR + fibroblasts and macrophages (CD68). (E) Distance of macrophages to the nearest Tomato + cell, compared to random dots; n=3 mice. Statistics determined by paired t-test. Normalized levels of Csf1 transcript (F) , Csf1 protein (G) and density of fibroblasts (H) . Data is from 3 (F), 4 (G) and 7 (H) mice per group. (I) Correlation plot comparing Csf1 expression with macrophage density. (J) Design of the CSF1 mCherry reporter mouse and representative histograms showing CSF1-mCherry expression in fibroblasts, which is quantified in (K) as mCherry mean intensity and total density of Csf1 + fibroblasts; n=5 mice. Statistics assessed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, compared with the Heart. (L) Normalized number of fibroblasts and (M) CSF1 protein per gram of tissue in Ckm Cre and Ckm Cre ; Mapk14 fl/fl mice; n=12–13 mice (L) or 4 mice (M). Statistics were determined by an unpaired t-test. (N) Images and (O) quantification of normalized TMRE signal in tissues from the indicated mice and treatments. Exposure times per tissue are indicated; n=6–7 mice. Statistics were determined by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. All bars show mean ± SEM. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; n.s., not significant.
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ATCC mouse monocyte macrophage cell line raw264 7
(A) scRNA-seq analysis of non-parenchymal cells from the indicated muscle tissues of Ckm Cre and Ckm Cre ; Mapk14 fl/fl mice. The UMAP plot shows annotated populations; SMC, smooth muscle cells; Satellite cells (Sat. cells). See also fig. S6A . (B) Expression of Csf1r , <t>Csf1</t> and Il34 in the indicated cell populations, as determined from our scRNA-seq dataset. Right, intercellular communication network for the CSF1 signalling pathway from CellChat. (C) Number of macrophages per gram of tissue normalized to isotype-treated heart values; n=5 mice per group. Statistics determined by unpaired t-test. (D) Representative micrograph of the myocardium of Pdgfrb CreERT ; Rosa26 Tomato mice showing PDGFβR + fibroblasts and macrophages (CD68). (E) Distance of macrophages to the nearest Tomato + cell, compared to random dots; n=3 mice. Statistics determined by paired t-test. Normalized levels of Csf1 transcript (F) , Csf1 protein (G) and density of fibroblasts (H) . Data is from 3 (F), 4 (G) and 7 (H) mice per group. (I) Correlation plot comparing Csf1 expression with macrophage density. (J) Design of the CSF1 mCherry reporter mouse and representative histograms showing CSF1-mCherry expression in fibroblasts, which is quantified in (K) as mCherry mean intensity and total density of Csf1 + fibroblasts; n=5 mice. Statistics assessed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, compared with the Heart. (L) Normalized number of fibroblasts and (M) CSF1 protein per gram of tissue in Ckm Cre and Ckm Cre ; Mapk14 fl/fl mice; n=12–13 mice (L) or 4 mice (M). Statistics were determined by an unpaired t-test. (N) Images and (O) quantification of normalized TMRE signal in tissues from the indicated mice and treatments. Exposure times per tissue are indicated; n=6–7 mice. Statistics were determined by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. All bars show mean ± SEM. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; n.s., not significant.
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MedChemExpress recombinant granulocyte macrophage colonystimulating factor
(A) scRNA-seq analysis of non-parenchymal cells from the indicated muscle tissues of Ckm Cre and Ckm Cre ; Mapk14 fl/fl mice. The UMAP plot shows annotated populations; SMC, smooth muscle cells; Satellite cells (Sat. cells). See also fig. S6A . (B) Expression of Csf1r , <t>Csf1</t> and Il34 in the indicated cell populations, as determined from our scRNA-seq dataset. Right, intercellular communication network for the CSF1 signalling pathway from CellChat. (C) Number of macrophages per gram of tissue normalized to isotype-treated heart values; n=5 mice per group. Statistics determined by unpaired t-test. (D) Representative micrograph of the myocardium of Pdgfrb CreERT ; Rosa26 Tomato mice showing PDGFβR + fibroblasts and macrophages (CD68). (E) Distance of macrophages to the nearest Tomato + cell, compared to random dots; n=3 mice. Statistics determined by paired t-test. Normalized levels of Csf1 transcript (F) , Csf1 protein (G) and density of fibroblasts (H) . Data is from 3 (F), 4 (G) and 7 (H) mice per group. (I) Correlation plot comparing Csf1 expression with macrophage density. (J) Design of the CSF1 mCherry reporter mouse and representative histograms showing CSF1-mCherry expression in fibroblasts, which is quantified in (K) as mCherry mean intensity and total density of Csf1 + fibroblasts; n=5 mice. Statistics assessed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, compared with the Heart. (L) Normalized number of fibroblasts and (M) CSF1 protein per gram of tissue in Ckm Cre and Ckm Cre ; Mapk14 fl/fl mice; n=12–13 mice (L) or 4 mice (M). Statistics were determined by an unpaired t-test. (N) Images and (O) quantification of normalized TMRE signal in tissues from the indicated mice and treatments. Exposure times per tissue are indicated; n=6–7 mice. Statistics were determined by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. All bars show mean ± SEM. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; n.s., not significant.
Recombinant Granulocyte Macrophage Colonystimulating Factor, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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a Timeline of tumor cell injection in MaFIA mice and peripheral macrophage ablation using AP20187. b , c A statistically borderline reduction in DRG macrophage density in MC38 mice 24 h after ablation (F (2,8) = 3.686, p = 0.059). Two-sided unpaired t-test. Error bars = SEM. d , e A significant reduction in sciatic nerve macrophage density in MC38 mice 24 h after ablation (F 2, 6 = 17.5, p = 0.003; one-way ANOVA, Šidák). Error bars = SEM. f Worsened beam walk performance in MC38 mice post-ablation ( n = 8 per group, F 2, 26 = 4.253, p = 0.042, aligned rank transformed one-way ANOVA, Šidák’s multiple comparisons test). g Schematic of MC38 mouse serum collection and treatment of cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). h , i Gene Ontology analysis and heatmaps reveal significant expression changes in BMDMs exposed to MC38 mouse serum, most notably, upregulation of pathways consistent with interferon stimulation and immune cell chemotaxis, alongside downregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. Benjamini-Hochberg FDR-adjusted p -values. Source data are provided as a file. a , g Created in BioRender. Shepherd, A. (2026) https://BioRender.com/6vbp08x .

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Inflammatory neuropathy in mouse and primate models of colorectal cancer

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-76683-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Timeline of tumor cell injection in MaFIA mice and peripheral macrophage ablation using AP20187. b , c A statistically borderline reduction in DRG macrophage density in MC38 mice 24 h after ablation (F (2,8) = 3.686, p = 0.059). Two-sided unpaired t-test. Error bars = SEM. d , e A significant reduction in sciatic nerve macrophage density in MC38 mice 24 h after ablation (F 2, 6 = 17.5, p = 0.003; one-way ANOVA, Šidák). Error bars = SEM. f Worsened beam walk performance in MC38 mice post-ablation ( n = 8 per group, F 2, 26 = 4.253, p = 0.042, aligned rank transformed one-way ANOVA, Šidák’s multiple comparisons test). g Schematic of MC38 mouse serum collection and treatment of cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). h , i Gene Ontology analysis and heatmaps reveal significant expression changes in BMDMs exposed to MC38 mouse serum, most notably, upregulation of pathways consistent with interferon stimulation and immune cell chemotaxis, alongside downregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. Benjamini-Hochberg FDR-adjusted p -values. Source data are provided as a file. a , g Created in BioRender. Shepherd, A. (2026) https://BioRender.com/6vbp08x .

Article Snippet: Mouse Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages (mBMDMs; iXCells Biotechnologies 10MU-030) were maintained in T75 flasks according to manufacturer’s recommendations.

Techniques: Injection, Transformation Assay, Cell Culture, Derivative Assay, Expressing, Chemotaxis Assay

(A) scRNA-seq analysis of non-parenchymal cells from the indicated muscle tissues of Ckm Cre and Ckm Cre ; Mapk14 fl/fl mice. The UMAP plot shows annotated populations; SMC, smooth muscle cells; Satellite cells (Sat. cells). See also fig. S6A . (B) Expression of Csf1r , Csf1 and Il34 in the indicated cell populations, as determined from our scRNA-seq dataset. Right, intercellular communication network for the CSF1 signalling pathway from CellChat. (C) Number of macrophages per gram of tissue normalized to isotype-treated heart values; n=5 mice per group. Statistics determined by unpaired t-test. (D) Representative micrograph of the myocardium of Pdgfrb CreERT ; Rosa26 Tomato mice showing PDGFβR + fibroblasts and macrophages (CD68). (E) Distance of macrophages to the nearest Tomato + cell, compared to random dots; n=3 mice. Statistics determined by paired t-test. Normalized levels of Csf1 transcript (F) , Csf1 protein (G) and density of fibroblasts (H) . Data is from 3 (F), 4 (G) and 7 (H) mice per group. (I) Correlation plot comparing Csf1 expression with macrophage density. (J) Design of the CSF1 mCherry reporter mouse and representative histograms showing CSF1-mCherry expression in fibroblasts, which is quantified in (K) as mCherry mean intensity and total density of Csf1 + fibroblasts; n=5 mice. Statistics assessed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, compared with the Heart. (L) Normalized number of fibroblasts and (M) CSF1 protein per gram of tissue in Ckm Cre and Ckm Cre ; Mapk14 fl/fl mice; n=12–13 mice (L) or 4 mice (M). Statistics were determined by an unpaired t-test. (N) Images and (O) quantification of normalized TMRE signal in tissues from the indicated mice and treatments. Exposure times per tissue are indicated; n=6–7 mice. Statistics were determined by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. All bars show mean ± SEM. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; n.s., not significant.

Journal: Science immunology

Article Title: Tissue mitochondrial activity dictates the macrophage pool size

doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aeb9244

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) scRNA-seq analysis of non-parenchymal cells from the indicated muscle tissues of Ckm Cre and Ckm Cre ; Mapk14 fl/fl mice. The UMAP plot shows annotated populations; SMC, smooth muscle cells; Satellite cells (Sat. cells). See also fig. S6A . (B) Expression of Csf1r , Csf1 and Il34 in the indicated cell populations, as determined from our scRNA-seq dataset. Right, intercellular communication network for the CSF1 signalling pathway from CellChat. (C) Number of macrophages per gram of tissue normalized to isotype-treated heart values; n=5 mice per group. Statistics determined by unpaired t-test. (D) Representative micrograph of the myocardium of Pdgfrb CreERT ; Rosa26 Tomato mice showing PDGFβR + fibroblasts and macrophages (CD68). (E) Distance of macrophages to the nearest Tomato + cell, compared to random dots; n=3 mice. Statistics determined by paired t-test. Normalized levels of Csf1 transcript (F) , Csf1 protein (G) and density of fibroblasts (H) . Data is from 3 (F), 4 (G) and 7 (H) mice per group. (I) Correlation plot comparing Csf1 expression with macrophage density. (J) Design of the CSF1 mCherry reporter mouse and representative histograms showing CSF1-mCherry expression in fibroblasts, which is quantified in (K) as mCherry mean intensity and total density of Csf1 + fibroblasts; n=5 mice. Statistics assessed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, compared with the Heart. (L) Normalized number of fibroblasts and (M) CSF1 protein per gram of tissue in Ckm Cre and Ckm Cre ; Mapk14 fl/fl mice; n=12–13 mice (L) or 4 mice (M). Statistics were determined by an unpaired t-test. (N) Images and (O) quantification of normalized TMRE signal in tissues from the indicated mice and treatments. Exposure times per tissue are indicated; n=6–7 mice. Statistics were determined by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. All bars show mean ± SEM. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; n.s., not significant.

Article Snippet: In some experiments, macrophage depletion was achieved through anti-CSF1 antibody (2mg/mL; clone 5A1 BioXCell, catalog #BE0204) or anti-CSF1R antibody (2mg/mL; clone AFS98 BioXCell, catalog #BE0213) administration by intraperitoneal injection (10 μL/g body weight); controls were injected with anti-IgG (same dose; clone 2A3 BioXCell, Catalog #BE0089).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Analysis, Expressing, Tissue, Comparison