Journal: Journal of Neurology

Article Title: Soluble TIM-3 and galectin-9 serve as additional diagnostic biomarkers in primary central nervous system lymphoma

doi: 10.1007/s00415-026-13791-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Accuracy of CSF diagnostic markers for PCNSL. Boxplots depicted the distribution of CSF IL-10 ( A ), CXCL13 ( B ), IL-2RA ( C ), FasL ( D ), TIM-3 ( E ), and galectin-9 ( F ) levels in PCNSL, neuroimmunological diseases, other brain tumors, and iNPH patients. Median values were represented by the horizontal bar, IQR by boxes, 1.5 × IQR by whiskers, and individual values by dots. IL-10 and IL-2RA are shown on a logarithmic scale due to the highly skewed distribution with a large proportion of zero or low values and a small number of extremely high values. The y -axis is displayed on a logarithmic scale after log10 transformation of IL-10 and IL-2RA concentrations with the addition of a constant of 1, while tick labels indicate the original values in pg/mL. **, adjusted p < 0.01. ***, adjusted p < 0.001. n.s., not significant. Holm-adjusted Dunn’s tests were used to compare PCNSL with the other groups. G–I ROC curves showed the diagnostic performance of CSF IL-10, CXCL13, IL-2RA, FasL, TIM-3, and galectin-9 for distinguishing PCNSL from different disease groups. The corresponding AUC values were shown. G PCNSL versus all other diseases. H PCNSL versus neuroimmunological diseases. (I) PCNSL versus other brain tumors. AUC values were shown in the legends of each panel AUC, area under the curve; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CXCL13, C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 13; FasL, Fas ligand; IL-2RA, interleukin-2 receptor chain alpha; IL-10, interleukin-10; iNPH, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus; IQR, interquartile range; PCNSL, primary central nervous system lymphoma; ROC, Receiver operating characteristic; TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3

Article Snippet: IL-10 + Galectin-9 , 26.2 , 34.6 , 0.991 , 0.141 , 0.904 , .

Techniques: Diagnostic Assay, Transformation Assay

Journal: Journal of Neurology

Article Title: Soluble TIM-3 and galectin-9 serve as additional diagnostic biomarkers in primary central nervous system lymphoma

doi: 10.1007/s00415-026-13791-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlations and clustering of diagnostic markers in PCNSL. Scatter plots and correlation analyses showed correlations between IL-10 and CXCL13 ( A ), IL-10 and IL-2RA ( B ), IL-10 and FasL ( C ), IL-10 and TIM-3 ( D ), IL-10 and galectin-9 ( E ), CXCL13 and IL-2RA ( F ), CXCL13 and FasL ( G ), CXCL13 and TIM-3 ( H ), CXCL13 and galectin-9 ( I ), IL-2RA and FasL ( J ), IL-2RA and TIM-3 ( K ), IL-2RA and galectin-9 (L), FasL and TIM-3 ( M ), FasL and galectin-9 ( N ), and TIM-3 and galectin-9 ( O ). Spearman’s rank correlation was used to measure the degree of correlation between CSF diagnostic markers. P Correlation matrix showed Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between CSF diagnostic markers in PCNSL patients. Q Hierarchical clustering of CSF diagnostic markers in PCNSL patients based on Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. Clustering was performed using 1 − Spearman’s correlation coefficient as the distance metric with the complete linkage method. CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CXCL13, C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 13; FasL, Fas ligand; IL-2RA, interleukin-2 receptor chain alpha; IL-10, interleukin-10; PCNSL, primary central nervous system lymphoma; TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3

Article Snippet: IL-10 + Galectin-9 , 26.2 , 34.6 , 0.991 , 0.141 , 0.904 , .

Techniques: Diagnostic Assay

Journal: Journal of Neurology

Article Title: Soluble TIM-3 and galectin-9 serve as additional diagnostic biomarkers in primary central nervous system lymphoma

doi: 10.1007/s00415-026-13791-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of PFS in PCNSL according to diagnostic marker levels. Kaplan–Meier curves for PFS in PCNSL patients were compared according to CSF IL-10 ( A ), CXCL13 ( B ), IL-2RA ( C ), FasL ( D ), TIM-3 ( E ), and galectin-9 ( F ) levels. PFS was compared using the log-rank test. CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CXCL13, C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 13; FasL, Fas ligand; IL-2RA, interleukin-2 receptor chain alpha; IL-10, interleukin-10; PCNSL, primary central nervous system lymphoma; PFS, progression-free survival; TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3

Article Snippet: IL-10 + Galectin-9 , 26.2 , 34.6 , 0.991 , 0.141 , 0.904 , .

Techniques: Comparison, Diagnostic Assay, Marker

Journal: Journal of Neurology

Article Title: Soluble TIM-3 and galectin-9 serve as additional diagnostic biomarkers in primary central nervous system lymphoma

doi: 10.1007/s00415-026-13791-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Accuracy of CSF diagnostic markers for PCNSL. Boxplots depicted the distribution of CSF IL-10 ( A ), CXCL13 ( B ), IL-2RA ( C ), FasL ( D ), TIM-3 ( E ), and galectin-9 ( F ) levels in PCNSL, neuroimmunological diseases, other brain tumors, and iNPH patients. Median values were represented by the horizontal bar, IQR by boxes, 1.5 × IQR by whiskers, and individual values by dots. IL-10 and IL-2RA are shown on a logarithmic scale due to the highly skewed distribution with a large proportion of zero or low values and a small number of extremely high values. The y -axis is displayed on a logarithmic scale after log10 transformation of IL-10 and IL-2RA concentrations with the addition of a constant of 1, while tick labels indicate the original values in pg/mL. **, adjusted p < 0.01. ***, adjusted p < 0.001. n.s., not significant. Holm-adjusted Dunn’s tests were used to compare PCNSL with the other groups. G–I ROC curves showed the diagnostic performance of CSF IL-10, CXCL13, IL-2RA, FasL, TIM-3, and galectin-9 for distinguishing PCNSL from different disease groups. The corresponding AUC values were shown. G PCNSL versus all other diseases. H PCNSL versus neuroimmunological diseases. (I) PCNSL versus other brain tumors. AUC values were shown in the legends of each panel AUC, area under the curve; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CXCL13, C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 13; FasL, Fas ligand; IL-2RA, interleukin-2 receptor chain alpha; IL-10, interleukin-10; iNPH, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus; IQR, interquartile range; PCNSL, primary central nervous system lymphoma; ROC, Receiver operating characteristic; TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3

Article Snippet: IL-2RA + Galectin-9 , 112.9 , 121.2 , 0.909 , 0.364 , 0.312 , .

Techniques: Diagnostic Assay, Transformation Assay

Journal: Journal of Neurology

Article Title: Soluble TIM-3 and galectin-9 serve as additional diagnostic biomarkers in primary central nervous system lymphoma

doi: 10.1007/s00415-026-13791-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlations and clustering of diagnostic markers in PCNSL. Scatter plots and correlation analyses showed correlations between IL-10 and CXCL13 ( A ), IL-10 and IL-2RA ( B ), IL-10 and FasL ( C ), IL-10 and TIM-3 ( D ), IL-10 and galectin-9 ( E ), CXCL13 and IL-2RA ( F ), CXCL13 and FasL ( G ), CXCL13 and TIM-3 ( H ), CXCL13 and galectin-9 ( I ), IL-2RA and FasL ( J ), IL-2RA and TIM-3 ( K ), IL-2RA and galectin-9 (L), FasL and TIM-3 ( M ), FasL and galectin-9 ( N ), and TIM-3 and galectin-9 ( O ). Spearman’s rank correlation was used to measure the degree of correlation between CSF diagnostic markers. P Correlation matrix showed Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between CSF diagnostic markers in PCNSL patients. Q Hierarchical clustering of CSF diagnostic markers in PCNSL patients based on Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. Clustering was performed using 1 − Spearman’s correlation coefficient as the distance metric with the complete linkage method. CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CXCL13, C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 13; FasL, Fas ligand; IL-2RA, interleukin-2 receptor chain alpha; IL-10, interleukin-10; PCNSL, primary central nervous system lymphoma; TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3

Article Snippet: IL-2RA + Galectin-9 , 112.9 , 121.2 , 0.909 , 0.364 , 0.312 , .

Techniques: Diagnostic Assay

Journal: Journal of Neurology

Article Title: Soluble TIM-3 and galectin-9 serve as additional diagnostic biomarkers in primary central nervous system lymphoma

doi: 10.1007/s00415-026-13791-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of PFS in PCNSL according to diagnostic marker levels. Kaplan–Meier curves for PFS in PCNSL patients were compared according to CSF IL-10 ( A ), CXCL13 ( B ), IL-2RA ( C ), FasL ( D ), TIM-3 ( E ), and galectin-9 ( F ) levels. PFS was compared using the log-rank test. CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CXCL13, C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 13; FasL, Fas ligand; IL-2RA, interleukin-2 receptor chain alpha; IL-10, interleukin-10; PCNSL, primary central nervous system lymphoma; PFS, progression-free survival; TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3

Article Snippet: IL-2RA + Galectin-9 , 112.9 , 121.2 , 0.909 , 0.364 , 0.312 , .

Techniques: Comparison, Diagnostic Assay, Marker

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Elevated Levels of IL-9 Fail to Suppress Pathogenic T helper 17 cells in Sjögren’s Disease

doi: 10.64898/2025.12.19.25335657

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Over the course of six weeks, B6.NOD- Aec1Aec2 mice received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of either an anti-IL-9 antibody (BE0181, BioXCell, Lebanon, NH) or an isotype antibody control (BE0085, BioXCell, Lebanon, NH) five times per week.

Techniques: