Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Xinfeng capsule attenuates ankylosing spondylitis by downregulating YTHDC1-mediated m 6 A modification of LINC01579 and suppressing IL-17/NF-κB signaling

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1762062

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pharmacology of XFC action on AS inflammation network. (A) XFC-AS-inflammation Wayne diagram; (B) XFC-AS-inflammation PPI network; (C) Identification of the top 10 targets of action based on the hubba plugin; (D) XFC component-AS-inflammation-pathway target network diagram; (E) CC bioprocesses; (F) KEGG analysis; (G) IL-17/NF-kB signaling pathway Schematic diagram. Pink squares in D are target genes, red arrows are potential pathways, and green circles are XFC core components.

Article Snippet: In vitro , co-culture experiments were performed using AS-FLSs and AS-PBMCs, with the IL-17 inhibitor Secukinumab (AIN457; Cat# HY-P9927, MCE; 16.2 ng/mL) employed to further elucidate pathway involvement.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Xinfeng capsule attenuates ankylosing spondylitis by downregulating YTHDC1-mediated m 6 A modification of LINC01579 and suppressing IL-17/NF-κB signaling

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1762062

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of AS-PBMCs and AS-FLS co-culture model on YTHDC1, LINC01579 and inflammatory cytokines. (A) MeRIP-qPCR for total m6A expression, (B) RT-qPCR for LINC01579 expression; (C) MeRIP-qPCR for LINC0159 m6A expression; (D) RT -qPCR to detect the expression of YTHDC1; (E) WB to detect the expression of YTHDC1; (F) ELISA to detect the expression of IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-a. All experiments were repeated three times. **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

Article Snippet: In vitro , co-culture experiments were performed using AS-FLSs and AS-PBMCs, with the IL-17 inhibitor Secukinumab (AIN457; Cat# HY-P9927, MCE; 16.2 ng/mL) employed to further elucidate pathway involvement.

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Xinfeng capsule attenuates ankylosing spondylitis by downregulating YTHDC1-mediated m 6 A modification of LINC01579 and suppressing IL-17/NF-κB signaling

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1762062

Figure Lengend Snippet: YTHDC1 Regulates LINC01579 Stability and Inflammatory Responses via the MUT1 m6A Site. (A–C) . ELISA to detect the expression of IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-a; (D) RT -qPCR to detect the expression of LINC0159; (E) Radiomycin D assay for LINC0157 stability; (F) WB to detect the expression of iIL-17A, IL-17RA, P-P65. All experiments were repeated three times. **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

Article Snippet: In vitro , co-culture experiments were performed using AS-FLSs and AS-PBMCs, with the IL-17 inhibitor Secukinumab (AIN457; Cat# HY-P9927, MCE; 16.2 ng/mL) employed to further elucidate pathway involvement.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Xinfeng capsule attenuates ankylosing spondylitis by downregulating YTHDC1-mediated m 6 A modification of LINC01579 and suppressing IL-17/NF-κB signaling

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1762062

Figure Lengend Snippet: YTHDC1 regulates the activation of IL-17/NF-kB pathway by modulating the expression of LINC0157 m6A. (A) Nuclear-cytoplasmic fractionation assay to detect the expression of LINC0157; (B) Screening for the optimal small interfering RNA (siRNA) model for LINC0157; (C) RT-qPCR to detect the expression of LINC0157; (D) MeRIP-qPCR detection of LINC0159 m6A expression; (E) ELISA detection of IL-6 and TNF-a expression; (F) Colony formation assay to assess colony formation ability; (G) ELISA detection of IL-17A expression; (H) IF detection of p-P65 expression; (I) Screening for the optimal small interfering RNA model for YTHDC1; (J) RT-qPCR detection of YTHDC1 expression; (K) WB assay for YTHDC1 protein expression. (L) Radiomycin D assay for LINC0157 stability. (M) RT-qPCR assay for LINC0159 expression, (N) MeRIP-qPCR assay for LINC0159 m6A expression. All experiments were repeated three times. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

Article Snippet: In vitro , co-culture experiments were performed using AS-FLSs and AS-PBMCs, with the IL-17 inhibitor Secukinumab (AIN457; Cat# HY-P9927, MCE; 16.2 ng/mL) employed to further elucidate pathway involvement.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Fractionation, Small Interfering RNA, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Colony Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Xinfeng capsule attenuates ankylosing spondylitis by downregulating YTHDC1-mediated m 6 A modification of LINC01579 and suppressing IL-17/NF-κB signaling

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1762062

Figure Lengend Snippet: XFC Regulates LINC01579 and Downstream Inflammatory Responses via YTHDC1. (A) RT-qPCR assay to detect YTHDC1 expression, (B) RT-qPCR assay to detect LINC01579 expression, (C–E) . ELISA assay to detect IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-a expression. All experiments were repeated three times. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: In vitro , co-culture experiments were performed using AS-FLSs and AS-PBMCs, with the IL-17 inhibitor Secukinumab (AIN457; Cat# HY-P9927, MCE; 16.2 ng/mL) employed to further elucidate pathway involvement.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Xinfeng capsule attenuates ankylosing spondylitis by downregulating YTHDC1-mediated m 6 A modification of LINC01579 and suppressing IL-17/NF-κB signaling

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1762062

Figure Lengend Snippet: XFC attenuates aberrant methylation and inflammatory response in PGIA mice (A) Study design and experimental schedule; (B) Representative hind paw observations of four groups of PGIA mice; (C) Representative images of Micro-CT scans of spinal joints in three groups, with osteogenesis and stenosis visible in PGIA mice (red arrows); (D) Mouse body weight; (E) Joint scores; (F) ELISA for ALT, AST, CRE (blood and kidney); (G) : ELISA for IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-a expression. (H) MeRIP-qPCR for total m6A expression. (I) RT-qPCR for LINC01579 expression; (J) RT- qPCR to detect the expression of YTHDC1; (K) WB to detect the expression of IL-17 and IL-17A. (L) HE staining of spondyloarthritic joints, PGIA mice were seen with inflammatory cell infiltration and synovial inflammation (black arrowheads), narrowing of joint space, cartilage degradation (green arrows), and bone erosion (yellow arrowheads). (M) Saffron O solid green staining of cartilage degradation was seen in PGIA mice (green arrows). All experiments were repeated three times. *p<0.05; **p<0.017

Article Snippet: In vitro , co-culture experiments were performed using AS-FLSs and AS-PBMCs, with the IL-17 inhibitor Secukinumab (AIN457; Cat# HY-P9927, MCE; 16.2 ng/mL) employed to further elucidate pathway involvement.

Techniques: Methylation, Micro-CT, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Xinfeng capsule attenuates ankylosing spondylitis by downregulating YTHDC1-mediated m 6 A modification of LINC01579 and suppressing IL-17/NF-κB signaling

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1762062

Figure Lengend Snippet: XFC improves AS inflammatory response by upregulating LINC01579 to inhibit IL-17/NF-kB activation (A) Representative hindpaws of five groups of PGIA mice; (B) Arthritis score; (C) ELISA detection of IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-a expression; (D) WB detection of IL-17 and IL-17A expression; (E) Spinal joint HE staining shows inflammatory cell infiltration and synovial inflammation (black arrows), narrowed joint spaces, cartilage degeneration (green arrows), and bone erosion (yellow arrows) in PGIA mice. (F) Fuchsin-O green staining, PGIA mice showed cartilage degeneration (green arrows). (G) RT-qPCR detection of LINC01579 expression in AS-FLS; (H) MeRIP-qPCR assay for LINC0159 m6A expression; (I) ELISA detection of IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-a expression in AS-FLS; (J) IF detection of p-P65 expression. All experiments were repeated three times. *p<0.05; **p<0.01.

Article Snippet: In vitro , co-culture experiments were performed using AS-FLSs and AS-PBMCs, with the IL-17 inhibitor Secukinumab (AIN457; Cat# HY-P9927, MCE; 16.2 ng/mL) employed to further elucidate pathway involvement.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Staining, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Discover Nano

Article Title: Chitosan nanoparticle encapsulated pentoxifylline improves renal protection and reduces oxidative stress in amikacin induced nephrotoxicity

doi: 10.1186/s11671-026-04515-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in kidney tissue homogenates of different experimental groups showing levels of MDA ( A ), SOD ( B ), GSH ( C ), IL-17 ( D ), TNF-α ( E ), IL-6 ( F ) and CRP ( G ). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Significant differences between groups are indicated by horizontal brackets, with asterisks denoting significance levels ( p < 0.05). ns = not significant

Article Snippet: 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) Amikacin (AMK) (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) BioTek Synergy H1 Microplate Reader (BioTek, USA) Bruker D8 Advance X-ray Diffractometer (Bruker, USA) Bruker Tensor II FTIR Spectrometer (Bruker, Germany) Chitosan (medium molecular weight, ≥75% deacetylated) (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) Creatinine Assay Kit (ab65340) (Abcam, USA) Glutathione (GSH) Assay Kit (MBS267424) (MyBioSource, USA) Hitachi SU3500 SEM (Hitachi, Japan) IL-17 ELISA Kit (E-EL-M0047) (Elabscience, USA) JEOL JEM-1400Flash TEM (JEOL, Japan) Malondialdehyde (MDA) Assay Kit (MBS741034) (MyBioSource, USA) Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS90 (Malvern Panalytical, UK) Pentoxifylline (PTX) (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) Shimadzu UV-1800 Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan) Sodium Tripolyphosphate (TPP) (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Assay Kit (MBS2707323) (MyBioSource, USA) Sysmex CA-560 Coagulation Analyzer (Sysmex, Japan) Urea Assay Kit (ab83362) (Abcam, USA) Uric Acid Assay Kit (ab65344) (Abcam, USA)

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Integrating clinical and multiomics evidence based on disease module theory: deciphering the comorbidity network of psoriasis vulgaris via the Ising model for mechanistic insights

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1744789

Figure Lengend Snippet: OPLS-DA model, proteomics map of differentially expressed protein enrichment pathways and protein interaction analysis of the genes in the STRING database. HCs: healthy controls; PV-pre: pre-IL-17Ai-treated psoriasis vulgaris group; PV-post: post-IL-17Ai treatment group. BP, biological process; CC, cellular component; GO, gene ontology; HCG, healthy control group; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MF, molecular function; OPLS-DA, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. (A) Scatter plot of OPLS-DA scores. P1 and Q1 denote the projected values under the first and orthogonal principal components, respectively. The OPLS-DA scores for the protein profiles of the HC vs. PV-pre and PV-pre vs. PV-post groups were significantly different. The scatter plot of the OPLS-DA scores shows significant separation between the HC vs. the PV-pre groups and the HC vs. the PV-post groups. (B) HC vs. PV-pre: GO enrichment histogram. A higher enrichment score on the vertical axis indicates that the target gene is more concentrated in the given function. The horizontal axis shows the GO names of the enriched proteins. Colors are used to differentiate between bars from different GO categories. A comparison of the GO enrichment analyses of the HCG and the PVG revealed significant enrichment at the BP level of lipoprotein metabolic process, lipid transport, macromolecule metabolic process, oxidative stress response, metabolic processes and proteolysis. At the CC level, the extracellular region was significantly enriched. At the MF level, lipoprotein binding, serine-type endopeptidase activity and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly enriched. PV-pre vs. PV-post: enrichment at the BP level of the antibacterial humoral response and the adaptive immune response. At the CC level, blood microparticles, extracellular space, extracellular region, secretory granule lumen, plasma membranes, immunoglobulin complex and extracellular exosomes were enriched. At the MF level, antigen binding was enriched. (C) HC vs. PV-pre: Bubble plot of KEGG enrichment. The horizontal axis represents the ratio between the number of differentially expressed proteins and the background proteins in the given pathway. This reflects the degree of pathway enrichment under the experimental conditions. The dots on the vertical axis represent the different pathways. The dot size is representative of the number of differentially expressed proteins associated with the pathway, and the dot color is representative of the log10 value (p value). The darker the color is, the greater the statistical significance of the between-group difference in pathway enrichment; thus, the p value decreases. A comparison of the KEGG enrichment analyses of the HCG and the PVG revealed that the IL-17 signaling pathway, complement and coagulation cascades and cholesterol metabolism were enriched. PV-pre vs. PV-post: The IL-17 signaling pathway, ferroptosis pathway and mineral uptake pathway were significantly enriched. (D) Protein interaction analysis of the genes in the STRING database ( https://cn.string-db.org/ ). nodes: represent proteins, with splicing subtypes and posttranslational modifications integrated and presented (i.e., all proteins produced by a single protein-coding gene locus are represented by the same node); node color: colored nodes represent target proteins and first-order interacting proteins, while white nodes represent second-order interacting proteins; node content: Hollow nodes represent proteins with unknown three-dimensional structures, while solid nodes represent proteins with well-defined three-dimensional structures; association edges: represent protein functional associations, which are specific and biologically meaningful (i.e., proteins that collaboratively participate in the same functional pathways, but physical binding is not necessarily required); interaction types include gene neighborhood, gene fusion, gene co-occurrence, text mining evidence, coexpression, and protein homology ( Supplementary Table 8 ).

Article Snippet: Participants received subcutaneous injections of 300 mg of the IL-17 antagonist secukinumab (Novartis Pharmaceuticals, USA) at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 weeks.

Techniques: Protein Enrichment, Control, Comparison, Binding Assay, Activity Assay, Clinical Proteomics, Coagulation, Produced, Functional Assay