Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Sprayable asymmetric hydrogel prevents postoperative pleural adhesions via physical and biological dual therapy

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103297

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biocompatibility, biodegradability, antibacterial efficacy and antioxidation activity of HP/HLS hydrogel powder. (a) Representative images and quantitative analysis of hemolysis test of different materials in HP/HLS hydrogel (n = 3) (mean ± SD; ns: no significant difference, **** P < 0.0001 vs negative group). (b) Quantitative analysis of MeT-5A and HFL1 cells viability cultured with HP/HLS hydrogels for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h via CCK-8 assay. (c) In vivo degradation behaviors of HP/HLS hydrogel in rat after subcutaneous injection. Bar: 2.5 mm. (d) The representative images of S. aureus and E. coli colony units after different treatment. (e) Quantitative analysis of the corresponding numbers of S. aureus and E. coli colony units after different treatment (n = 3) (mean ± SD; **** P < 0.001 vs control group). (f) Quantitative analysis of bacterial inhibition rate after different treatment. (n = 3) (mean ± SD; **** P < 0.001 vs control group). (g) The OD value of S. aureus and E. coli bacterial suspension at 600 nm after different treatment (n = 3) (mean ± SD; **** P < 0.001 vs control group). (h) The CLSM images of RAW 264.7 cells. Nucleus were labeled by Hoechst 33,342. ROS labeled by DCFH-DA. (Scale Bar: 50 μm) (i) Quantitative analysis of relative level of DCFH-DA in CLSM images (n = 3) (mean ± SD; **** P < 0.001 vs LPS group).

Article Snippet: MeT-5A and HFL1 cells were treated with 5 ng/mL transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) (MedChemExpress, USA) for 24 h to induce fibrotic changes.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Cell Culture, CCK-8 Assay, In Vivo, Injection, Control, Inhibition, Suspension, Labeling

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Sprayable asymmetric hydrogel prevents postoperative pleural adhesions via physical and biological dual therapy

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103297

Figure Lengend Snippet: The efficacy of HP/L@HLS hydrogel was validated in vitro. (a) MeT-5A cells treated with HP/L@HLS hydrogel were subjected to immunofluorescence staining to determine fibrosis- and MMT-related protein expression. (b) The corresponding relative fluorescence intensity quantifications presented in the panel below (n = 3) (mean ± SD; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 vs TGF-β group, # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001 vs indicated group). (c) Schematic diagram of MeT-5A cells treated with HP/L@HLS. (d) HFL1 cells treated with HP/L@HLS hydrogel were subjected to immunofluorescence staining to determine fibrosis-related protein expression. (e) The corresponding relative fluorescence intensity quantifications presented in the panel to the right (n = 3) (mean ± SD; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 vs TGF-β group, # P < 0.05, ### P < 0.001 vs indicated group). (f) Schematic diagram of HFL1 cells treated with HP/L@HLS. (g) M1-type macrophages treated with HP/L@HLS hydrogel were subjected to ELISA to determine IL-1β secretion levels (n = 3) (mean ± SD; *** P < 0.001 vs M1 group, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001 vs indicated group). (h) M1-type macrophages treated with HP/L@HLS hydrogel were subjected to ELISA to determine TNF-α secretion levels (n = 3) (mean ± SD; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 vs M1 group). (i) Abundance of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL9 in M1 macrophages after 24 h of HP/L@HLS hydrogel treatment (n = 3) (mean ± SD; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 vs M1 group, # P < 0.05, ### P < 0.001 vs indicated group). (j) Abundance of TGF-β, PDGF, and CTGF in M2 macrophages after 24 h of HP/L@HLS hydrogel treatment (n = 3) (mean ± SD; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 vs M1 group, # P < 0.05 vs indicated group). (k) Schematic diagram of Raw264.7 cells treated with HP/L@HLS.

Article Snippet: MeT-5A and HFL1 cells were treated with 5 ng/mL transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) (MedChemExpress, USA) for 24 h to induce fibrotic changes.

Techniques: In Vitro, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing, Fluorescence, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay