Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Dynamic feedback BacGuard anchors microbial metabolism to host symbiosis in real-time ulcerative colitis therapy

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.05.060

Figure Lengend Snippet: BacGuard promotes colon tissue repairment. a) Scheme of microbiota-dependent epithelial repair mechanism orchestrated by BacGuard. b) Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile alterations. n = 6. c) BacGuard-induced probiotic proliferation and d) quantitative results. n = 3. e) Immunofluorescence analysis of ILC3 (ROR γt + CD3 − cells) in colon tissue. f) Flow cytometric analysis of lamina propria lymphocytes (ROR γt + ). n = 3. g) Concentration of IL-22 in MNK-3 cells. n = 3. h) Representative PAS-staining (upper panel) and MUC-2 immunohistochemistry (lower panel) images of colon tissues. n = 5. ns, not significant; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: For the detection of IL-22 and LPS concentrations, the Mouse IL-22 Precoated ELISA Kit (DAKEWE, China) and Mouse LPS ELISA Kit (JONLNBIO, China) were employed correspondingly.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Concentration Assay, Staining, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: ZH reduces IMQ-induced inflammatory responses and abnormal proliferation in mice. A Representative spleen images and spleen weight quantification. B Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of Ki67 in skin lesions (left panel) and quantification of its AOD (right panel). C qRT-PCR analysis of Il-22 , Il-1β , Tnf-α , and Ccl20 mRNA expression in lesion skin tissues. D ELISA quantification of IL-22, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL20 protein levels in lesion skin tissues. n = 6 (biological replicates). Data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed Tukey’s post hoc test. ** P < 0.01 vs. Control group; # P < 0.05; ## P < 0.01 vs. IMQ group

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IL-22 (Cat. #E-EL-M2446, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), TNF-α (Cat. #CSB-E04741m, Cusabio, Wuhan, China), IL-1β (Cat. #CSB-E08054m, Cusabio), and CCL20 (Cat. #CSB-E04668m, Cusabio) were quantified as per the protocols of the manufacturers.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Immunohistochemistry, Quantitative RT-PCR, Analysis, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: ZH alters gut microbiota composition and function in IMQ-induced mice. A Random forest analysis ranking bacterial taxa based on their importance in group classification using the Gini index. B Relative abundances of the top-ranked taxa across different groups. C Pearson correlation analysis between significantly altered bacterial taxa and skin inflammatory cytokines, including IL-22, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL20. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IL-22 (Cat. #E-EL-M2446, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), TNF-α (Cat. #CSB-E04741m, Cusabio, Wuhan, China), IL-1β (Cat. #CSB-E08054m, Cusabio), and CCL20 (Cat. #CSB-E04668m, Cusabio) were quantified as per the protocols of the manufacturers.

Techniques: Analysis

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gut microbiota depletion attenuates the therapeutic effects of ZH against IMQ-induced psoriasis-like inflammation. A Schematic diagram of the experimental design for antibiotic-mediated gut microbiota depletion and subsequent establishment of the IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis model. B Quantification of fecal bacterial abundance by qPCR to assess the efficacy of antibiotic-mediated gut microbiota depletion. C Representative images of dorsal skin lesions in mice from the indicated groups. D PASI scores for scaling, erythema, thickness, and total scores. E Representative images of spleens (left) and quantification of spleen weight (right). F Representative images of H&E-stained dorsal skin sections (left) and quantification of epidermal thickness (right). G Representative immunohistochemical staining of Ki67 in dorsal skin lesions (left) and quantification of Ki67-positive cells (right). H Relative mRNA expression levels of Il-22 , Il-1β , Tnf-α , and Ccl20 in dorsal skin lesions determined by qPCR. I Protein levels of IL-22, TNF-α, IL-1β, and CCL20 in dorsal skin lesions determined by ELISA. For panels B, the Control and ABX groups each contained 12 mice before randomization; for panels C-I, mice were randomly allocated into four groups ( n = 6 per group): IMQ, IMQ + ABX, IMQ + M-ZH, and IMQ + M-ZH + ABX. Data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed Tukey’s post hoc test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 vs. IMQ group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 vs. IMQ + ABX group; & P < 0.05, && P < 0.01 vs. IMQ + M-ZH group

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IL-22 (Cat. #E-EL-M2446, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), TNF-α (Cat. #CSB-E04741m, Cusabio, Wuhan, China), IL-1β (Cat. #CSB-E08054m, Cusabio), and CCL20 (Cat. #CSB-E04668m, Cusabio) were quantified as per the protocols of the manufacturers.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: ZH reduces IMQ-induced inflammatory responses and abnormal proliferation in mice. A Representative spleen images and spleen weight quantification. B Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of Ki67 in skin lesions (left panel) and quantification of its AOD (right panel). C qRT-PCR analysis of Il-22 , Il-1β , Tnf-α , and Ccl20 mRNA expression in lesion skin tissues. D ELISA quantification of IL-22, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL20 protein levels in lesion skin tissues. n = 6 (biological replicates). Data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed Tukey’s post hoc test. ** P < 0.01 vs. Control group; # P < 0.05; ## P < 0.01 vs. IMQ group

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IL-22 (Cat. #E-EL-M2446, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), TNF-α (Cat. #CSB-E04741m, Cusabio, Wuhan, China), IL-1β (Cat. #CSB-E08054m, Cusabio), and CCL20 (Cat. #CSB-E04668m, Cusabio) were quantified as per the protocols of the manufacturers.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Immunohistochemistry, Quantitative RT-PCR, Analysis, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: ZH alters gut microbiota composition and function in IMQ-induced mice. A Random forest analysis ranking bacterial taxa based on their importance in group classification using the Gini index. B Relative abundances of the top-ranked taxa across different groups. C Pearson correlation analysis between significantly altered bacterial taxa and skin inflammatory cytokines, including IL-22, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL20. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IL-22 (Cat. #E-EL-M2446, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), TNF-α (Cat. #CSB-E04741m, Cusabio, Wuhan, China), IL-1β (Cat. #CSB-E08054m, Cusabio), and CCL20 (Cat. #CSB-E04668m, Cusabio) were quantified as per the protocols of the manufacturers.

Techniques: Analysis

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gut microbiota depletion attenuates the therapeutic effects of ZH against IMQ-induced psoriasis-like inflammation. A Schematic diagram of the experimental design for antibiotic-mediated gut microbiota depletion and subsequent establishment of the IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis model. B Quantification of fecal bacterial abundance by qPCR to assess the efficacy of antibiotic-mediated gut microbiota depletion. C Representative images of dorsal skin lesions in mice from the indicated groups. D PASI scores for scaling, erythema, thickness, and total scores. E Representative images of spleens (left) and quantification of spleen weight (right). F Representative images of H&E-stained dorsal skin sections (left) and quantification of epidermal thickness (right). G Representative immunohistochemical staining of Ki67 in dorsal skin lesions (left) and quantification of Ki67-positive cells (right). H Relative mRNA expression levels of Il-22 , Il-1β , Tnf-α , and Ccl20 in dorsal skin lesions determined by qPCR. I Protein levels of IL-22, TNF-α, IL-1β, and CCL20 in dorsal skin lesions determined by ELISA. For panels B, the Control and ABX groups each contained 12 mice before randomization; for panels C-I, mice were randomly allocated into four groups ( n = 6 per group): IMQ, IMQ + ABX, IMQ + M-ZH, and IMQ + M-ZH + ABX. Data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed Tukey’s post hoc test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 vs. IMQ group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 vs. IMQ + ABX group; & P < 0.05, && P < 0.01 vs. IMQ + M-ZH group

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IL-22 (Cat. #E-EL-M2446, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), TNF-α (Cat. #CSB-E04741m, Cusabio, Wuhan, China), IL-1β (Cat. #CSB-E08054m, Cusabio), and CCL20 (Cat. #CSB-E04668m, Cusabio) were quantified as per the protocols of the manufacturers.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: ZH reduces IMQ-induced inflammatory responses and abnormal proliferation in mice. A Representative spleen images and spleen weight quantification. B Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of Ki67 in skin lesions (left panel) and quantification of its AOD (right panel). C qRT-PCR analysis of Il-22 , Il-1β , Tnf-α , and Ccl20 mRNA expression in lesion skin tissues. D ELISA quantification of IL-22, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL20 protein levels in lesion skin tissues. n = 6 (biological replicates). Data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed Tukey’s post hoc test. ** P < 0.01 vs. Control group; # P < 0.05; ## P < 0.01 vs. IMQ group

Article Snippet: An ELISA kit (Cat. #CSB-E13066m, Cusabio) was used to quantify serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Immunohistochemistry, Quantitative RT-PCR, Analysis, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gut microbiota depletion attenuates the therapeutic effects of ZH against IMQ-induced psoriasis-like inflammation. A Schematic diagram of the experimental design for antibiotic-mediated gut microbiota depletion and subsequent establishment of the IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis model. B Quantification of fecal bacterial abundance by qPCR to assess the efficacy of antibiotic-mediated gut microbiota depletion. C Representative images of dorsal skin lesions in mice from the indicated groups. D PASI scores for scaling, erythema, thickness, and total scores. E Representative images of spleens (left) and quantification of spleen weight (right). F Representative images of H&E-stained dorsal skin sections (left) and quantification of epidermal thickness (right). G Representative immunohistochemical staining of Ki67 in dorsal skin lesions (left) and quantification of Ki67-positive cells (right). H Relative mRNA expression levels of Il-22 , Il-1β , Tnf-α , and Ccl20 in dorsal skin lesions determined by qPCR. I Protein levels of IL-22, TNF-α, IL-1β, and CCL20 in dorsal skin lesions determined by ELISA. For panels B, the Control and ABX groups each contained 12 mice before randomization; for panels C-I, mice were randomly allocated into four groups ( n = 6 per group): IMQ, IMQ + ABX, IMQ + M-ZH, and IMQ + M-ZH + ABX. Data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed Tukey’s post hoc test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 vs. IMQ group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 vs. IMQ + ABX group; & P < 0.05, && P < 0.01 vs. IMQ + M-ZH group

Article Snippet: An ELISA kit (Cat. #CSB-E13066m, Cusabio) was used to quantify serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: ZH reduces IMQ-induced inflammatory responses and abnormal proliferation in mice. A Representative spleen images and spleen weight quantification. B Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of Ki67 in skin lesions (left panel) and quantification of its AOD (right panel). C qRT-PCR analysis of Il-22 , Il-1β , Tnf-α , and Ccl20 mRNA expression in lesion skin tissues. D ELISA quantification of IL-22, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL20 protein levels in lesion skin tissues. n = 6 (biological replicates). Data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed Tukey’s post hoc test. ** P < 0.01 vs. Control group; # P < 0.05; ## P < 0.01 vs. IMQ group

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IL-22 (Cat. #E-EL-M2446, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), TNF-α (Cat. #CSB-E04741m, Cusabio, Wuhan, China), IL-1β (Cat. #CSB-E08054m, Cusabio), and CCL20 (Cat. #CSB-E04668m, Cusabio) were quantified as per the protocols of the manufacturers.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Immunohistochemistry, Quantitative RT-PCR, Analysis, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: ZH alters gut microbiota composition and function in IMQ-induced mice. A Random forest analysis ranking bacterial taxa based on their importance in group classification using the Gini index. B Relative abundances of the top-ranked taxa across different groups. C Pearson correlation analysis between significantly altered bacterial taxa and skin inflammatory cytokines, including IL-22, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL20. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IL-22 (Cat. #E-EL-M2446, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), TNF-α (Cat. #CSB-E04741m, Cusabio, Wuhan, China), IL-1β (Cat. #CSB-E08054m, Cusabio), and CCL20 (Cat. #CSB-E04668m, Cusabio) were quantified as per the protocols of the manufacturers.

Techniques: Analysis

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gut microbiota depletion attenuates the therapeutic effects of ZH against IMQ-induced psoriasis-like inflammation. A Schematic diagram of the experimental design for antibiotic-mediated gut microbiota depletion and subsequent establishment of the IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis model. B Quantification of fecal bacterial abundance by qPCR to assess the efficacy of antibiotic-mediated gut microbiota depletion. C Representative images of dorsal skin lesions in mice from the indicated groups. D PASI scores for scaling, erythema, thickness, and total scores. E Representative images of spleens (left) and quantification of spleen weight (right). F Representative images of H&E-stained dorsal skin sections (left) and quantification of epidermal thickness (right). G Representative immunohistochemical staining of Ki67 in dorsal skin lesions (left) and quantification of Ki67-positive cells (right). H Relative mRNA expression levels of Il-22 , Il-1β , Tnf-α , and Ccl20 in dorsal skin lesions determined by qPCR. I Protein levels of IL-22, TNF-α, IL-1β, and CCL20 in dorsal skin lesions determined by ELISA. For panels B, the Control and ABX groups each contained 12 mice before randomization; for panels C-I, mice were randomly allocated into four groups ( n = 6 per group): IMQ, IMQ + ABX, IMQ + M-ZH, and IMQ + M-ZH + ABX. Data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed Tukey’s post hoc test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 vs. IMQ group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 vs. IMQ + ABX group; & P < 0.05, && P < 0.01 vs. IMQ + M-ZH group

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IL-22 (Cat. #E-EL-M2446, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), TNF-α (Cat. #CSB-E04741m, Cusabio, Wuhan, China), IL-1β (Cat. #CSB-E08054m, Cusabio), and CCL20 (Cat. #CSB-E04668m, Cusabio) were quantified as per the protocols of the manufacturers.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control