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intracardiac electrograms  (Abbott Laboratories)
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Representative example of an induced ExPVT from the LA septum during isoproterenol provocation test. ( A ) <t>Intracardiac</t> electrograms showing AF initiation by an ExPVT induced during provocation. The earliest activation (circle marked by a pointed arrow) is recorded by the circular mapping catheter positioned at the LA septum, consistent with panels D and E . ( B ) Fluoroscopic image (AP view) showing a left atriogram with pulmonary venogram and initial positioning of multielectrode diagnostic catheters. ( C ) Standardized catheter configuration (AP view) during provocation testing, including a quadripolar catheter in the SVC, a decapolar across the high RA and septum, and a duodecapolar along the CS and low RA. A PV mapping catheter, typically positioned at the LA posterior wall, varied in type depending on availability, operator preference, and patient characteristics. ( D ) Electroanatomical activation map identifying the earliest trigger point (white arrow) of the ExPVT from the LA septum. ( E ) Electroanatomical voltage map showing a low-voltage area at the LA septum compatible with the AF trigger site. Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; AP, anterior posterior; CS, coronary sinus; ExPVT, extra-pulmonary vein trigger; HRA, high right atrium; LA, left atrium; LRA, low right atrium; PV, pulmonary vein; RA, right atrium; SR, sinus rhythm; SVC, superior vena cava.
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intracardiac electrograms - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
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electrograms  (Siemens AG)
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Representative example of an induced ExPVT from the LA septum during isoproterenol provocation test. ( A ) <t>Intracardiac</t> electrograms showing AF initiation by an ExPVT induced during provocation. The earliest activation (circle marked by a pointed arrow) is recorded by the circular mapping catheter positioned at the LA septum, consistent with panels D and E . ( B ) Fluoroscopic image (AP view) showing a left atriogram with pulmonary venogram and initial positioning of multielectrode diagnostic catheters. ( C ) Standardized catheter configuration (AP view) during provocation testing, including a quadripolar catheter in the SVC, a decapolar across the high RA and septum, and a duodecapolar along the CS and low RA. A PV mapping catheter, typically positioned at the LA posterior wall, varied in type depending on availability, operator preference, and patient characteristics. ( D ) Electroanatomical activation map identifying the earliest trigger point (white arrow) of the ExPVT from the LA septum. ( E ) Electroanatomical voltage map showing a low-voltage area at the LA septum compatible with the AF trigger site. Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; AP, anterior posterior; CS, coronary sinus; ExPVT, extra-pulmonary vein trigger; HRA, high right atrium; LA, left atrium; LRA, low right atrium; PV, pulmonary vein; RA, right atrium; SR, sinus rhythm; SVC, superior vena cava.
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Representative example of an induced ExPVT from the LA septum during isoproterenol provocation test. ( A ) <t>Intracardiac</t> electrograms showing AF initiation by an ExPVT induced during provocation. The earliest activation (circle marked by a pointed arrow) is recorded by the circular mapping catheter positioned at the LA septum, consistent with panels D and E . ( B ) Fluoroscopic image (AP view) showing a left atriogram with pulmonary venogram and initial positioning of multielectrode diagnostic catheters. ( C ) Standardized catheter configuration (AP view) during provocation testing, including a quadripolar catheter in the SVC, a decapolar across the high RA and septum, and a duodecapolar along the CS and low RA. A PV mapping catheter, typically positioned at the LA posterior wall, varied in type depending on availability, operator preference, and patient characteristics. ( D ) Electroanatomical activation map identifying the earliest trigger point (white arrow) of the ExPVT from the LA septum. ( E ) Electroanatomical voltage map showing a low-voltage area at the LA septum compatible with the AF trigger site. Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; AP, anterior posterior; CS, coronary sinus; ExPVT, extra-pulmonary vein trigger; HRA, high right atrium; LA, left atrium; LRA, low right atrium; PV, pulmonary vein; RA, right atrium; SR, sinus rhythm; SVC, superior vena cava.
Atrial Electrogram Ckd Chronic Kidney Disease Cpap Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Cvd Cardiovascular Disease Erat Early Recurrence, supplied by Galectin Therapeutics, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Representative example of an induced ExPVT from the LA septum during isoproterenol provocation test. ( A ) <t>Intracardiac</t> electrograms showing AF initiation by an ExPVT induced during provocation. The earliest activation (circle marked by a pointed arrow) is recorded by the circular mapping catheter positioned at the LA septum, consistent with panels D and E . ( B ) Fluoroscopic image (AP view) showing a left atriogram with pulmonary venogram and initial positioning of multielectrode diagnostic catheters. ( C ) Standardized catheter configuration (AP view) during provocation testing, including a quadripolar catheter in the SVC, a decapolar across the high RA and septum, and a duodecapolar along the CS and low RA. A PV mapping catheter, typically positioned at the LA posterior wall, varied in type depending on availability, operator preference, and patient characteristics. ( D ) Electroanatomical activation map identifying the earliest trigger point (white arrow) of the ExPVT from the LA septum. ( E ) Electroanatomical voltage map showing a low-voltage area at the LA septum compatible with the AF trigger site. Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; AP, anterior posterior; CS, coronary sinus; ExPVT, extra-pulmonary vein trigger; HRA, high right atrium; LA, left atrium; LRA, low right atrium; PV, pulmonary vein; RA, right atrium; SR, sinus rhythm; SVC, superior vena cava.
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Representative example of an induced ExPVT from the LA septum during isoproterenol provocation test. ( A ) <t>Intracardiac</t> electrograms showing AF initiation by an ExPVT induced during provocation. The earliest activation (circle marked by a pointed arrow) is recorded by the circular mapping catheter positioned at the LA septum, consistent with panels D and E . ( B ) Fluoroscopic image (AP view) showing a left atriogram with pulmonary venogram and initial positioning of multielectrode diagnostic catheters. ( C ) Standardized catheter configuration (AP view) during provocation testing, including a quadripolar catheter in the SVC, a decapolar across the high RA and septum, and a duodecapolar along the CS and low RA. A PV mapping catheter, typically positioned at the LA posterior wall, varied in type depending on availability, operator preference, and patient characteristics. ( D ) Electroanatomical activation map identifying the earliest trigger point (white arrow) of the ExPVT from the LA septum. ( E ) Electroanatomical voltage map showing a low-voltage area at the LA septum compatible with the AF trigger site. Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; AP, anterior posterior; CS, coronary sinus; ExPVT, extra-pulmonary vein trigger; HRA, high right atrium; LA, left atrium; LRA, low right atrium; PV, pulmonary vein; RA, right atrium; SR, sinus rhythm; SVC, superior vena cava.
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bipolar and unipolar electrograms - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
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complex fractionated atrial electrograms (cfae) module of the carto® 3 3d mapping system  (Biosense Webster)
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Representative example of an induced ExPVT from the LA septum during isoproterenol provocation test. ( A ) <t>Intracardiac</t> electrograms showing AF initiation by an ExPVT induced during provocation. The earliest activation (circle marked by a pointed arrow) is recorded by the circular mapping catheter positioned at the LA septum, consistent with panels D and E . ( B ) Fluoroscopic image (AP view) showing a left atriogram with pulmonary venogram and initial positioning of multielectrode diagnostic catheters. ( C ) Standardized catheter configuration (AP view) during provocation testing, including a quadripolar catheter in the SVC, a decapolar across the high RA and septum, and a duodecapolar along the CS and low RA. A PV mapping catheter, typically positioned at the LA posterior wall, varied in type depending on availability, operator preference, and patient characteristics. ( D ) Electroanatomical activation map identifying the earliest trigger point (white arrow) of the ExPVT from the LA septum. ( E ) Electroanatomical voltage map showing a low-voltage area at the LA septum compatible with the AF trigger site. Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; AP, anterior posterior; CS, coronary sinus; ExPVT, extra-pulmonary vein trigger; HRA, high right atrium; LA, left atrium; LRA, low right atrium; PV, pulmonary vein; RA, right atrium; SR, sinus rhythm; SVC, superior vena cava.
Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrograms (Cfae) Module Of The Carto® 3 3d Mapping System, supplied by Biosense Webster, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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epicardial electrogram recordings  (ADInstruments)
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ADInstruments epicardial electrogram recordings
Representative example of an induced ExPVT from the LA septum during isoproterenol provocation test. ( A ) <t>Intracardiac</t> electrograms showing AF initiation by an ExPVT induced during provocation. The earliest activation (circle marked by a pointed arrow) is recorded by the circular mapping catheter positioned at the LA septum, consistent with panels D and E . ( B ) Fluoroscopic image (AP view) showing a left atriogram with pulmonary venogram and initial positioning of multielectrode diagnostic catheters. ( C ) Standardized catheter configuration (AP view) during provocation testing, including a quadripolar catheter in the SVC, a decapolar across the high RA and septum, and a duodecapolar along the CS and low RA. A PV mapping catheter, typically positioned at the LA posterior wall, varied in type depending on availability, operator preference, and patient characteristics. ( D ) Electroanatomical activation map identifying the earliest trigger point (white arrow) of the ExPVT from the LA septum. ( E ) Electroanatomical voltage map showing a low-voltage area at the LA septum compatible with the AF trigger site. Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; AP, anterior posterior; CS, coronary sinus; ExPVT, extra-pulmonary vein trigger; HRA, high right atrium; LA, left atrium; LRA, low right atrium; PV, pulmonary vein; RA, right atrium; SR, sinus rhythm; SVC, superior vena cava.
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Representative example of an induced ExPVT from the LA septum during isoproterenol provocation test. ( A ) Intracardiac electrograms showing AF initiation by an ExPVT induced during provocation. The earliest activation (circle marked by a pointed arrow) is recorded by the circular mapping catheter positioned at the LA septum, consistent with panels D and E . ( B ) Fluoroscopic image (AP view) showing a left atriogram with pulmonary venogram and initial positioning of multielectrode diagnostic catheters. ( C ) Standardized catheter configuration (AP view) during provocation testing, including a quadripolar catheter in the SVC, a decapolar across the high RA and septum, and a duodecapolar along the CS and low RA. A PV mapping catheter, typically positioned at the LA posterior wall, varied in type depending on availability, operator preference, and patient characteristics. ( D ) Electroanatomical activation map identifying the earliest trigger point (white arrow) of the ExPVT from the LA septum. ( E ) Electroanatomical voltage map showing a low-voltage area at the LA septum compatible with the AF trigger site. Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; AP, anterior posterior; CS, coronary sinus; ExPVT, extra-pulmonary vein trigger; HRA, high right atrium; LA, left atrium; LRA, low right atrium; PV, pulmonary vein; RA, right atrium; SR, sinus rhythm; SVC, superior vena cava.

Journal: Europace

Article Title: Mapping and ablation outcomes of extra-pulmonary vein triggers in atrial fibrillation: single-centre retrospective study with consistent provocation protocol

doi: 10.1093/europace/euaf225

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative example of an induced ExPVT from the LA septum during isoproterenol provocation test. ( A ) Intracardiac electrograms showing AF initiation by an ExPVT induced during provocation. The earliest activation (circle marked by a pointed arrow) is recorded by the circular mapping catheter positioned at the LA septum, consistent with panels D and E . ( B ) Fluoroscopic image (AP view) showing a left atriogram with pulmonary venogram and initial positioning of multielectrode diagnostic catheters. ( C ) Standardized catheter configuration (AP view) during provocation testing, including a quadripolar catheter in the SVC, a decapolar across the high RA and septum, and a duodecapolar along the CS and low RA. A PV mapping catheter, typically positioned at the LA posterior wall, varied in type depending on availability, operator preference, and patient characteristics. ( D ) Electroanatomical activation map identifying the earliest trigger point (white arrow) of the ExPVT from the LA septum. ( E ) Electroanatomical voltage map showing a low-voltage area at the LA septum compatible with the AF trigger site. Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; AP, anterior posterior; CS, coronary sinus; ExPVT, extra-pulmonary vein trigger; HRA, high right atrium; LA, left atrium; LRA, low right atrium; PV, pulmonary vein; RA, right atrium; SR, sinus rhythm; SVC, superior vena cava.

Article Snippet: Intracardiac electrograms were recorded using the Prucka CardioLabTM Electrophysiology system (General Electric Medical Systems, Inc., Milwaukee, WI, USA), and 3D electro-anatomical maps were created with the NavX (Abbott, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) or CARTO (Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA) systems, using a PV-mapping catheter (Reflexion Spiral, AdvisorTM FL Circular, or HD Grid from Abbott, Inc.; AFocus, Lasso, PentaRay, or OctaRay from Biosense Webster, Inc.) through a long sheath.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Diagnostic Assay