Journal: Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters

Article Title: Enolase 2-mediated lactylation-dependent disruption of the GNL3–MDM2–p53 axis in age-related osteoarthritis

doi: 10.1186/s11658-026-00960-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Metabolic reprogramming and ENO2 upregulation in age-related osteoarthritic cartilage. A PET–CT images showing 18 F-FDG uptake in articular cartilage from young and aged individuals. B Lactate levels in synovial fluid from young and aged individuals. C Volcano plot of differentially expressed proteins in cartilage from young versus aged individuals. D KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed proteins. E Lactate production in human primary chondrocytes treated with 1 μM DOX. F Color change of phenol red-containing supernatant after DOX treatment. G Western blot analysis of LDHA and GLUT1 expression in DOX-treated chondrocytes. H Seahorse ECAR measurement in DOX-treated chondrocytes. I Flow cytometry quantification of 2-NBDG uptake in DOX-treated chondrocytes. J Heat map of glycolysis-related differential proteins identified by proteomics. K qPCR validation of glycolytic gene expression in DOX-treated chondrocytes. L Immunohistochemical staining of p16 and ENO2 in cartilage from young and aged individuals. M Western blot analysis of ENO2 expression in cartilage from young and aged individuals. N Western blot analysis of ENO2 expression in DOX-treated chondrocytes. O Immunofluorescence analysis of ENO2 localization in DOX-treated chondrocytes. * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001

Article Snippet: For glucose uptake, cells were incubated with 50 μM 2-NBDG (HY-116215,MCE) in glucose-free medium for 30 min at 37 °C.

Techniques: Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography, Western Blot, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Biomarker Discovery, Gene Expression, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Immunofluorescence

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Distinct cytokines regulate gene expression and anti-tumor activity in regenerated CD8 + T cells from induced pluripotent stem cells

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115756

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell cycle and mTORC1 signaling are enhanced in IL-15-treated regenerated CTLs (A) GSEA of up-regulated Hallmark gene sets in IL-15- or IL-21-treated regenerated CTLs. (B–I) Regenerated CTLs were stimulated with WT1 235 peptide-pulsed irradiated LCLs in the presence of the indicated cytokines for 7 days and were then analyzed. (B and C) Histograms and graph show phosphorylation levels of the TORC1 targets, S6 kinase (pS6) ( n = 6 biological replicates). (D and E) Histograms and graph show forward scatter (FSC) indicating cell size ( n = 7 biological replicates). (F and G) Histograms and graph show potential glucose uptake measured by 2-NBDG ( n = 7 biological replicates). (H and I) Histograms and graph show mitochondrial mass measured by MitoTracker Green ( n = 7 biological replicates). Data were pooled from (C) five, (E) seven, and (G and I) six independent experiments. MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; RFI, relative fluorescence intensity. Data were analyzed by (C, E, G, and I) one-way ANOVA. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001. NS, not significant; Error bars indicate mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: 2-NBDG , PEPTIDE INSTITUTE, inc. , Cat# 23002-v.

Techniques: Irradiation, Phospho-proteomics, Fluorescence